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1
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Continuing Social Constraints in Education Agency: The School Choices and Experiences of Middle- Class African American Families in Albany, NY

100%
Knudson P.
Qualitative Sociology Review
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2021
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vol. 17
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issue 1
150-175
EN
This paper explores the experiences of middle-class African American parents who have enrolled their children in a central-city public school district and the factors that inform and contribute to their school enrollment decisions. Data come from nineteen in-depth interviews with middle-class African American parents in Albany, New York. The paper uses the conceptual framework of empowerment and agency to explore and analyze the findings. Findings suggest that middle-class African American parents possess some measure of empowerment based on their human capital and positive childhood experiences in public schools. The latter denotes the salience of emotions in intergenerational education transmission. Parents’ empowerment, however, does not fully extend to agency. Most parents’ school choices have been structured and narrowed by racial segregation in residence and by the real and perceived racial exclusion in private school settings. Therefore, even for highly-educated, middle-income African Americans, anxieties over racial exclusion act as a strong social constraint on parents’ community and school choices.
2

The Role of the Christian Church in Combating 21st Century Racism

100%
Iwuoha C. M. A.
Dialogue and Universalism
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2021
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issue 1
219-231
EN
The demons of racism, bigotry, and prejudice found in society at large are also found in the Christian Church. Despite the very nature of Christianity that calls on Christians to be a counter voice in the world against evil, many have capitulated to various strains of racism. Some Christian denominations have begun to explore racism in the Church and have developed responses to addressing the issues in both the Church and the world. This article examines the historical context of race and religion in the Christian Church, and addresses the current efforts of some Christian denominations to become proactive in the struggle against racism. Jesus, in His Word, calls believers to pursue peace and oneness. The paper holds that racial harmony and racial unity are possible, but there are many false, old and d beliefs that will have to be crushed under the hammer of God’s Word in order to get to a place of real peace.
3

Some Notes on the Failed Decolonization of Rwanda

100%
Záhořík J.
West Bohemian Historical Review
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 2
133–146
EN
The study addresses some important issues concerning the decolonization of Rwanda as reflected mostly in Belgian archival documents. Its main aim is to analyze the polarizing ethno-political atmosphere which resulted from completely failed policy of “racial” division of natives in Rwanda into fixed categories of “Hutu” and “Tutsi”. It deals with the process of artificial ethnic categorization and its materialization in the political struggle in the last years of Belgian colonial rule which were, retrospectively, probably the most crucial and turbulent in Rwandan modern history, especially when it comes to the genocide in 1994. Proclamation of Rwandan independence in 1962, victory of the Hutu political parties in autumn of 1961, and ambivalent attitude of the Belgian administration toward increasing tensions presented the first major threat to the cohabitation of the Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda, which still remains one of the most tangible examples of the negative effects of the European colonialism, and the quick, unprepared, chaotic, and desperately underestimated decolonization which, in many other cases, led to deep political crises in Africa.
4

From Heathen to Sub-Human: A Genealogy of the Influence of the Decline of Religion on the Rise of Modern Racism

86%
Ogunnaike O.
Open Theology
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2016
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vol. 2
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issue 1
EN
This essay traces a genealogy of the modern concept of race, and modern racism, in relationship to the intellectual shifts that led to the secularization of knowledge during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Through an analysis of the evolution of the central concept of “The Great Chain of Being” from the Classical through Medieval and Early Modern periods, I argue that the decline of religion in the West was a necessary condition for the rise of modern conceptions of race and racism.
5
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Robert Knox, transcendentální anatomie a imaginace rasové války

86%
Budil I.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 2
90-102
EN
The main aim of the study is to emphasize the role and contribution of the Scottish physician and surgeon Robert Knox to the emergence and expansion of modern racial thinking and the concept of a racial war which became later influential as a result of the works of representatives of Social Darwinism. The main ideas outlined in the book The Races of Men: A Philosophical Enquiry into the Influence of Race over the Destinies of Nations, published by Robert Knox in 1850, will be analyzed in the historical and intellectual context of transcendental anatomy and Eurasian revolution.
6
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Cross-Cultural Casting in Britain: The Path to Inclusion, 1972-2012

86%
Rogers J.
Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance
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2019
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vol. 19
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issue 34
55-70
EN
This essay uses three productions to chart the progress of the integration of performers of African and Afro-Caribbean descent in professional British Shakespearean theatre. It argues that the three productions―from 1972, 1988 and 2012―each use cross-cultural casting in ways that illuminate the phases of inclusion for British performers of colour. Peter Coe’s 1972 The Black Macbeth was staged at a time when an implicit colour bar in Shakespeare was in place, but black performers were included in the production in ways that reinforced dominant racial stereotypes. Temba’s 1988 Romeo and Juliet used its Cuban setting to challenge stereotypes by presenting black actors in an environment that was meant to show them as “real human beings”. The RSC’s 2012 Julius Caesar was a black British staging of Shakespeare that allowed black actors to use their cultural heritages to claim Shakespeare, signalling the performers’ greater inclusion into British Shakespearean theatre.
7
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Brown, Never Black: Othello on the Nazi Stage

72%
Bassey A.
Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance
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2020
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vol. 22
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issue 37
51-65
EN
This paper examines the ways in which Othello was represented on the Nazi stage. Included in the theatre analyses are Othello productions in Frankfurt in 1935, in Berlin in 1939 and 1944, and in pre-occupation Vienna in 1935. New archival material has been sourced from archives in the aforementioned locations, in order to give detailed insights into the representation of Othello on stage, with a special focus on the makeup that was used on the actors who were playing the titular role. The aim of these analyses is not only to establish what Othello looked like on the Nazi and pre-Nazi stage, but also to examine the Nazis’ relationship with Shakespeare’s Othello within the wider context of their relationship with the Black people who lived in Nazi Germany at the time. In addition, the following pages offer insights into pre-Nazi, Weimar productions of Othello in order to create a more complex and comparative understanding of Nazi Othello productions and the wider theatrical context within which they were produced. In the end, we find out, based on existing evidence, why Othello was brown, and never Black.
8
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Book review. Massih Zekavat (2017). Satire, Humor, and the Construction of Identities. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

72%
Vincent H.
The European Journal of Humour Research
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2019
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vol. 7
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issue 1
EN
Massih Zekavat (2017). Satire, Humor, and the Construction of Identities. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 210 pp.
9

Racial Hybridity and Challenge of Modernity in Post-Colonial Mexico

72%
Budil I.
West Bohemian Historical Review
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2013
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vol. 3
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issue 2
24-41
EN
The emergence of the modern racial ideology should be studied in the context of the concrete political events and transformation of the global world-system at the dawn of the modern era. Racial discourse presented somatic metaphor of asymmetrical distribution of political, economic and symbolic power in hierarchy of the world-system. Therefore, the development of the postcolonial Mexican society and the war between the United States of America and Mexico were interpreted and conceptualized by contemporary authors by terminology and logic of racial imagination involving the picture of the racial rise of Anglo-Saxons and the decline of mestizos and creoles.
10
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The “Noble Savage”: Aristocracy, Slavery, Restoration Culture and Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave

72%
Uściński P.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2017
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issue 26/1
43-54
XX
Evoking as historical and intertextual context the Restoration of English monarchy and the attendant political and cultural projects, chiefl y royalist, legitimizing and advocating the stability of power in the period, the paper discusses Aphra Behn’s novel Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave by looking at its literary representation of the African prince as a “noble savage” – a trope that may be found also in John Dryden’s and Jonathan Swift’s work. The paper pays due attention to the politics of Behn’s novel in terms of its ambiguous treatment of race, slavery and colonialism, and evokes the concepts of “iterability” and “Third Space” in order to engage in a deconstructive reading of the novel’s royalist project of cultural investment in such notions as nobility, hierarchy and order.
11
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Przekładanie różnic na to, co wspólne

61%
Curcio A.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2011
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vol. 4
85-99
EN
This essay explores how racialized and gendered subjectivities might produce a common space of social cooperation that can break down the capitalist hierarchization of society. It analyzes both the capitalistic valorization of difference and the production of resistant and militant subjectivities that exceed and overturn capitalistic segmentation and dispossession. Within this framework I consider the production of the common through praxis and mode of organization, bringing to light the necessity for heterolingual translation of difference in order to interrupt the homogeneity of the capitalist language of value. The aim of this article is twofold. On the one hand, there is the need to better understand the present time and its violent contradictions. On the other, there is the necessity to bring to the fore race and gender differences in order to neutralize the social valence of in-difference and to challenge and transform the current social order.
PL
Esej ten bada jak podmiotowości zawierające komponenty rasy i gender mogą wytwarzać wspólną przestrzeń społecznej współpracy, która kwestionuje kapitalistyczną hierarchizację społeczeństwa. Rozważa on zarówno kapitalistyczne pomnażanie wartości wykorzystujące różnicę, jak i wytwarzanie stawiających opór i podejmujących walkę podmiotowości, które przekraczają i wywracają na nice kapitalistyczny podział i wywłaszczenie. W tych ramach rozważam wytwarzanie dobra wspólnego przez praxis i sposób organizacji, naświetlając konieczność heterojęzycznego przekładu różnicy dla przerwania homogeniczności kapitalistycznego języka wartości. Cel niniejszego artykułu jest dwojaki. Z jednej strony, istnieje potrzeba lepszego zrozumienia teraźniejszości i targających nią sprzeczności. Z drugiej, koniecznym jest wysunięcie na pierwszy plan różnic rasowych i genderowych, by zneutralizować społeczne oddziaływanie nie-czułości na nie, i rzucić wyzwanie teraźniejszemu porządkowi społecznemu.
12

The Christian Criteria for Assimilation: Racially Reading Christianity, Civility, and Social Belonging in the Modern Western World

58%
Wong J. W.-F.
Open Theology
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2016
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vol. 2
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issue 1
EN
Recent surges of immigration in Western countries have produced statements about what successful assimilation requires. While it is commonly believed that proper assimilation in the West is rooted in shared democratic values, this article argues that beneath such values lies a Christian image of humanity, which, due to the colonial endeavor, is mostly clearly manifest by the white body. As a result of the link between whiteness, Christianity, and civility that develops within the western colonial context and persists into early twentieth-century U.S. immigration, one’s spiritual state as well as one’s fitness for social inclusion are judged along racial lines. By identifying this relationship, the present essay demonstrates the role that Christianity has played in the relentless, racially rooted visual distinction of those who are judged to fit within civilized society and those who are seen as a threat to the established social order.
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