Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Journals help
Authors help
Years help

Results found: 31

first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Russians
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Pražští Rusové

100%
EN
The article deals with situation, attitudes and behaviour of members of Prague's Russian immigrant community. At the beginning an overview of recent socio-economic development in Russia, existing findings about Russian minority in the Czech Republic and Czech citizens’ attitudes towards Russians are presented. The core of the article is presentation of main results of a survey conducted by the author in spring 2010 among members of Russian community that live in Prague and its surroundings. Among the main hypotheses that came out of the survey is growth of importance of positive motivations to migrate, extension of geographical and social basis from which migrants come, continuity of self-isolation of the community combined with strong ties to the country of origin and rise of Russian ethnic economy in Prague.
EN
The cycle of novels The Red Wheel, one of the most significant and yet least-known works of Alexandr Solzhenitsyn, offers a profound insight into the issue of national identity and relationships between Poles and Russians. The analysis of how Solzhenitsyn depicted Poles in the cycle, in terms of their being strangers or own people, is all the more interesting for the fact that it relates to a specific point in history. Indeed, in The Red Wheel novels, Solzhenitsyn provides a detailed description of the period of decline of the multinational Russian Empire, which, by extension, was a pivotal time in the history of the Polish quest for independence.
EN
The aim of this study is to examine correlations between attitude to specific cultural groups (Muslins and Russians) and respondents’ sense of security. The other goal of this research is to study of the relationship between respondents’ international experience (eg. travelling or working abroad) and their territorial identity (in local, regional, national/state and European dimension). These issues are analyzed on the basis of the survey carried out in the spring of 2015 among the students of three largest public universities in Bialystok.
4
88%
EN
The article presents a comparative analysis of selected linguistic material from associative dictionaries of the modern Polish and Russian languages. The object of the analysis are the units of an inverted dictionary, forming the so-called nucleus of linguistic awareness, i.e. words that act as a reaction to at least a few headwords. The so-called colour superconnectors, i.e. words-reactions showing the maximum number of connections with various words-stimuli, colours with maximum associative power. The analysis of the structures of lexical connections of coloratives in the nucleus of the linguistic awareness of Poles and Russians proves their similarity both in terms of frequency and the scope of the lexical span.
EN
In 1991 the regenerating country of Latvia had to face the consequences of Soviet occupation, including the "colonization" of Latvian grounds by the influx of hundreds of thousands Russians supplying the industrial plants, offices and politics of Latvian SSR. The way that Russians and Latvians have been through if it comes to the relations between them was not straight, if we take the accompanying internal conditions and international context into account. Surely it also has not been finished and still requires the will of dialogue from both sides. Giving the opportunity of gaining the citizenship by naturalization, supporting everybody who was interested in getting civic rights and aiming at social integration Latvia has answered positively the question about the future of Russian inhabitants of the republic and challenges that appeared after years of occupation.
PL
Zasadniczym problemem badawczym, podejmowanym w niniejszej pracy, jest ukazanie możliwie najpełniejszego obrazu bezprawia Rosjan wobec Sióstr Boromeuszek po wkroczeniu Armii Czerwonej do Świebodzina pod koniec stycznia 1945 r. W szczególności analizie poddane zostały relacje naocznych świadków tragicznych wydarzeń. We wspomnieniach dominuje wstrząsający obraz okrucieństwa, który dotyczy niemieckich kobiet a jeszcze bardziej sióstr katolickich. Wkład badań ma wpływ na wyjaśnienie lokalnej historii, obalenie wielu mitów powstałych wokół ostatnich dni II wojny światowej fałszujących prawdę i ukazanie często bohaterskich postaw pokrzywdzonych. Ukazanie prawdy o ofiarach reżimu ma nie tylko ocalić od zapomnienia, ale winno mieć wpływ na kształtowanie postaw empatii wobec ofiar reżimu i jednocześnie wskazać na podejmowanie pełnej odpowiedzialności za swoje decyzje i czyny dla nas, ludzi współczesnych.
EN
The main research problem undertaken in this work is to show the whole possible picture of the lawlessness of the Russians against the Sisters of St. Borromeo after the Red Army entered Świebodzin at the end of January 1945. In particular, the reports of eyewitnesses to the tragic events were analyzed. The memories are dominated by a shocking picture of cruelty, which concerns German women especially Catholic sisters. The contribution of research influences the explanation of local history, the overthrow of many myths created around the last days of World War II falsifying the truth and showing the heroic attitudes of the victims. Presenting the truth about the victims of the regime is not only to save from oblivion, but it should also influence the attitudes of empathy towards the victims of the regime and at the same time point to taking full responsibility for their decisions and actions for us contemporary people.
EN
The purpose of this article is to compare the perceived destination image of Poland as seen by Russians and Ukrainians. This study contributes to understanding the process of how the image of a destination is shaped, the new contribution being the comparison of the image of Poland as perceived by visitors and non-visitors of two nations, which until 1991 were a part of one state. The study is based on a questionnaire consisting of 16 statements on the perceived destination image of Poland. A 5-point Likert scale was used in the survey. A total of 710 people were examined, including 348 Russians and 362 Ukrainians. The reliability of the survey was assessed using Cronbach's alpha index. The hypotheses verification, using Student's t-test, showed that Russians and Ukrainians perceived Poland as an attractive country in terms of tourism. No major diferences between Russians and Ukrainians were observed in the perception of Poland as a tourist destination. Moreover, no influence of past experience was noted on the shaping of the perceived destination image of Poland. Additionally, some managerial implications of significant relevance to destination marketing are discussed, and future directions for research are outlined.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze attitude of the Prussian Prime-Minister – considered as the Architect of German Unification – Otto von Bismarck – towards the phenomenon of social rebellion, which in Polish history became known as the January Uprising. The intention of the Author is not to focus on issues related with wide-ranging diplomatic action of the prospective “Iron Chancellor”, which was crowned with Alsvenlabena Convention. Bismarck was in the limelight not like as well-known „real politician”, but as a political thinker whom he also was. Author analyzes a highly specific conceptual nomenclature of Bismarck, and his attitude towards the Poles, Russians, Pan-Slavism and autocracy. Introduction to the subject is an overview of the evaluations of the insurrection, which was permanently established in Polish intellectual environments, including its traditional divisions between the right wing and the left wing.
9
Content available remote

Społeczność rosyjskojęzyczna w obwodzie lwowskim

75%
EN
The article discusses the problem of the Russian-speaking community in the Lviv district in Ukraine. Basing on ethnographic field research conducted in Drohobych, Borislav and Chervonograd the author speaks in support of the thesis that the Russian in Western Ukraine should be described as a group that differs from the rest of population not only by language, but also by many other signs of cultural identity, especially memory which is in conflict with the dominant Ukrainian national historical discourse. The author also notices the differences in identity discourses: the Russian – speaking people mostly support the thesis of “Slavic unity” in which the essence of being Ukrainian bases on some ethnographic differences. The identity of the Russian-speaking people does not fit into the mainstream of pure ethnic distinctions, which, in turn, for the Russian – speaking group are not necessarily natural and obvious categories to describe social reality. In cities, where the research was conducted, the Russian – speaking people feel themselves as a minority, forced to defend their interests in the view of limited opportunities to preserve their identity which may lead to the collapse of the core values of the group. These problems even intensify with coming to power – at the local level – nationalistic “Svoboda” party.
EN
The topic of Ukrainian-Russian relations is very important in the alternative history novels of the Ukrainian writer Vasily Kożeljanko (1957-2008). Alternative histories novels "Parade in Moscow" (1997), "Kotigoroško" (2000), "Terorium" (2001), "FalseNostradamus" (2001) novels appeared in an independent Ukraine when there was no longer a Soviet censorship. In alternative historical prose, heroes can be embedded in the history of an active person or as fictional characters who carry the ethno-stereotypical lines of their community and have ethno-stereotypes about other peoples. Ethnic stereotypes of Ukrainians and Russians and stereotypes of Ukraina and Russia can be mythologised. Relations between a stronger and weaker, older and younger, colonizing country and colonized country are presented as a conflict between Strong Russia and a weak Ukraine, but also a strong Ukraine of weak Russia. Russian Empire in the of Kożeljankos alternative histories novels presented negatively.
EN
Dilemmas of Identity in the Zaporizhzhia OblastThis text is a review of Alla Karnaukh’s book. The review contains a brief overview of eight chapters of the book. The reviewer notes that this book fills a gap in the study of national and ethnic minorities in Berdiansk and the outskirts of Primorsk (Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine). From the Polish point of view it is a very useful book. According to the author of the review, despite a few mistakes and editorial faults, Alla Karnaukh’s book is important especially for researchers of Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Russian relations. Dylematy tożsamościowe w obwodzie zaporoskimTekst jest recenzją książki Ally Karnaukh. Zawiera krótkie omówienie ośmiu rozdziałów składających się na treść tej książki. Recenzentka zauważa, że jest to pozycja, która wypełnia lukę w badaniach mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w Berdiańsku i okolicach Primorska (obwód zaporoski). Z polskiego punktu widzenia jest rzeczą bardzo dobrą, że taka książka została napisana. Zdaniem autorki recenzji książka Ally Karnaukh, mimo pewnych błędów oraz usterek redakcyjnych, jest pozycją ważną zwłaszcza dla badaczy stosunków polsko-ukraińskich i polsko-rosyjskich.
EN
Ethnic and linguistic changes of the Belarusian population at the turn of the 21th centuryThe first part of the article presents historical background of the origin of the Belarusian nation, located in the area of a confrontation between Russia and Poland. This rivalry was won by Russia, and in effect Belarusian land was incorporated into the Russian Empire, and later into the Soviet state. The next part presents the 20th century ethnic structure as the consequence of the Bolshevik Revolution and World Wars I and II, resulting in some border changes, war loses and migration movements. The main part of the article deals with the ethnic and language changes which occurred in the last decade of the 20th and in the first decade of the 21st centuries. The statistical analysis and interpretation is based on data from three population censuses (1989, 1999, 2009). An ethnic structure and linguistic situation are presented with the emphasis placed on the status of the two languages commonly used in Belarus, i.e. Russian and Belarusian, as seen in two categories: of mother language and of the language used for communication at home. The conclusions prove the expansion of popularity of the Russian language and gradual decrease of the use of the Belarusian language, both in public and at home. The processes of Russification, which had begun in the Soviet period, are intensifying despite the fact that Belarus regained its political souverianity as a country. On the basis of quantitative data the author defines specific intensity and territorial distribution of the influence of the Russian language. The final part of the article shows political and geo-political consequences of these changes in Belarus.
EN
Internally polarized counter-elites, that are often involved in corporate in-terests, do not have enough power to oppose the negative manifestations of economic transformation. In the countries of the South Caucasus, there are two types of business elites, the internal and the external ones, which „grew up” from the economic trans-formation. The external elites result from the privatization process, in which primarily Russians and Kazakhs are engaged. Concerning their interests in the region, they are lobbying the decision-making processes, while the local elites create the aforementioned mentioned „representative system”. The wealth fac-tor is therefore the way to exercise power. The research on business elites remains a discursive issue, which seems to be an endless subject to develop. Its analysis opens a broad discussion on the methodology of the study of elites, both in terms of their mechanisms and characteristics, as well as the theory itself.
PL
Celem pracy jest ukazanie opinii studentów białostockich uczelni o Rosjanach. Tłem opracowania (niewywoływanym w badaniu ankietowym) są napięte polityczne stosunki z Rosją wynikające z historycznych uwarunkowań i bieżących wydarzeń politycznych związanych z sytuacją gospodarczą i wydarzeniami na Ukrainie. Kolejną przesłanką są bardzo negatywne oceny Polaków dotyczące współczesnego obrazu Rosji i złożonego wizerunku samych Rosjan jakie rysują się z ogólnopolskich badań przeprowadzonych w 2015 roku. Badania własne przeprowadzone zostały w Białymstoku na reprezentatywnej grupie wśród studentów uczelni publicznych. Białystok jest tu traktowany jako przestrzeń specyficzna - przestrzeń pogranicza, koegzystencji wielu kultur. Istotnym elementem jest doświadczenie respondentów wynikające z obecności na Podlasiu i Białymstoku obywateli zza wschodniej granicy, współistnienie wielu mniejszości narodowych. Badanie objęło kilka rodzajów sąsiedztwa jakie powiły się w odpowiedziach respondentów. Opisano opinie ankietowanych na temat następujących wymiarów sąsiedztwa: fizycznego (współzamieszkiwanie danego obszaru), społeczno-kulturowego, religijnego oraz gospodarczego.
EN
The objective of the work is to present the opinions of the students of Białystok universities about Russians. The background to the considerations (unexposed in any survey research) are the close political relations with Russia stemming from historical conditionings and the current political events related to economic situation and events in Ukraine. Another premise are very negative opinions held by Poles concerning the modern image of Russia and a complex image of Russians themselves which stem from the all-Poland research conducted in 2015. The author’s own research was conducted in Białystok on a representative group of students from public universities. Białystok is treated here as a specific area – the border area with many co-existing cultures. A significant element is the respondents’ experience resulting from the presence of citizens from behind the Eastern border in Podlasie and Białystok, as well as the coexistence of many minorities. The research covers several types of neighbourhood which appeared in the respondents’ answers. The opinions of the surveyed participants were described in the following dimensions of neighbourhood: physical (cohabitat on a given area), social-cultural, religious and economic.
EN
Aryans and Turanians. Franciszek H. Duchiński’s views on race and civilization The article deals with a theory of non-Slavic origins of Russians. This theory was authored by Franciszek Duchinski (1816-1893) who claimed that civilizational specifity of Russians stems from their racial origin that is different from the origin of the remaining European nations. He believed that because of this fact, two opposing civilizations emerged: the eastern civilization created by the Mongolian root, with a lack of rule of law and domination of despotism, and the western civilization existing among the Indoeuropean peoples who respected freedom and human dignity. Duchinski was convinced that the two civilization differed one from another most of all due to several external and mental factors instead of biological discrepancies. He did not evaluate races and civilizations as better or worse, and he did not giva a definion of the notion of race. This unprecise attitude was characteristic of the 19th century writings. Such notions as “race”, “nation”, “tribe”, or “clan”, were used interchangeably. Moreover, racial hierarchy was not considered as something improper.Duchinski’s views on the Asian despotism on the whole agreed with those abiding in the Polish writings in the 19th century, with dominating opinions that Russia and Europe represented different civilizations and were in a permanent antagonism. Duchinski’s aim was to warn Western European community that East is a threat to the West and he wanted to demonstrate that Poland had a role to play for the Latin Christianity.His conclusions about the antynomy of civilizations are still valid even though today we tend to deny that race and civilization are interconnected. Now civilizational identity is seen first of all in a variety of different values, beliefs, institutions and social structures. Thus, one should agree with Duchinski that civilizations are indeed different but we still should avoid to evaluate them as better or worse. Ariowie i Turańczycy. Poglądy Franciszka H. Duchińskiego na temat rasy i cywilizacjiTekst jest poświęcony teorii niesłowiańskiego pochodzenia Rosjan. Jej autor, Franciszek H. Duchiński (1816-1893), uzasadniał odmienność cywilizacyjną Rosjan ich innym od pozostałych ludów Europy pochodzeniem rasowym. Ono, jak uważał, zadecydowało o powstaniu funkcjonujących w opozycji dwóch cywilizacji: wschodniej, stworzonej poprzez pierwiastek mongolski, gdzie dominowało bezprawie i despotyzm, oraz zachodniej, powstałej jako wytwór ludów indoeuropejskich, które respektowały wolność i godność człowieka. Duchiński uzasadniał różnice między nimi w większym stopniu czynnikami zewnętrznymi i mentalnymi niż biologicznymi. Nie wartościował ras i cywilizacji, a pojęcia „rasa” nie definiował. Brak ścisłości w tym względzie był charakterystyczny dla XIX-wiecznego piśmiennictwa. Często stosowano zamiennie pojęcia „rasa”, „naród”, „plemię”, „szczep”. Nie uważano też za naganne hierarchizowania ras.Opinie Duchińskiego na temat azjatyckiej despotii nie odbiegały od powszechnie przyjętych w piśmiennictwie polskim XIX w. Dominujący w nim wątek stanowiło przekonanie o odmienności cywilizacyjnej Rosji i Europy i o trwałym pomiędzy nimi antagonizmie. Działalność Duchińskiego miała służyć uświadomieniu opinii zachodnioeuropejskiej zagrożenia jakie płynęło dla Europy ze strony cywilizacji wschodniej oraz roli Polski na przedmurzu chrześcijaństwa łacińskiego.Spostrzeżenia na temat antynomii wspomnianych cywilizacji są i dziś aktualne. Współcześni badacze problemu przeczą rzecz jasna związkom pomiędzy rasą i cywilizacją. Kładą za to nacisk na różnice w sferze wartości, wierzeń, instytucji i struktur społecznych, które decydują o tożsamości cywilizacyjnej. O ile więc można nie godzić się z argumentacją Duchińskiego, to w sferze wniosków należy autorowi przyznać rację i nie wartościując cywilizacji uznać je za odmienne.
EN
The article reports on an extensive research project on the systems of values professed by Poles, Russians, and Germans. On the basis of the Free Word Association Test, the author compares and proposes hierarchies of values that constitute the linguistic awareness of the members of these nationalities. The axiological cores of these systems are also identified, together with the attitudes and axiological preferences involved. A claim is also made that the content of axiological units extends far beyond the definitions of the relevant concepts. The research also touches upon the ethical condition of European societies and the problem of axiological erosion, or even abstinence, recently identified by sociologists.
PL
W artykule omówiono rezultaty zakrojonych na szeroką skalę badań nad systemem wartości Polaków, Rosjan i Niemców. Na podstawie wyników tzw. testu werbalnych skojarzeń autorka dokonuje porównania i zhierarchizowania wartości składających się na świadomość językową Polaków, Rosjan i Niemców, a także wyjawia aksjologiczne jądro w systemach ich wartości oraz kryjące się za nimi postawy i preferencje aksjologiczne. Autorka dowodzi również, iż napełnienie treściowe jednostek aksjologicznych znacznie wykracza poza ramy definicyjne charakteryzowanych pojęć. Badania wydają się interesujące również w kontekście ocen kondycji moralnej społeczeństw europejskich i podnoszonych w ostatnim czasie, zwłaszcza przez socjologów, kwestii erozji czy wręcz abstynencji aksjologicznej.
EN
The period of the nineteenth century is particularly interesting, because it was then that many memories of the exile and the aforementioned trip to exile were created. Observations of Poles-exiles are very interesting because they contain a lot of information about, among others the relation of the Siberia population to the exiles, as well as the perception of reality by the exiles themselves. Interesting are also information on the contacts of exiles with the administration of the Russian Empire. Particularly interesting are the memories of brothers Ludwik Zielonka and Kornel Zielonka, who took part in the January Uprising, for which they were sent to Eastern Siberia. They both describe the hardships of travel, they cite situations with which they had contact. While Kornel feels great as a writer, Ludwik cites mostly dry facts. Both diaries have one more interesting property: they can be used to examine the way differences in the perception of the reality of exile are found by diametrically different brothers who are in very similar realities.
EN
Barbarian from the East. From the stereotype to the mythologization of the Russians
RU
Варвар с востока. От стереотипа к мифологизации россиян
EN
The article presents changes of national composition of Vilnius population in the 2nd half of the 20th century. The changes of Vilnius population are analyzed with respect to nationality, including the smallest territorial administrative units of Vilnius. The growth of the city population was associated with an intensive allround city development. Based on the data of the censuses of 1989 and 2001, the article focuses on the dynamics of national composition, which took place after the restoration of independence. The analysis encompasses not only the intensity of dynamics of different nationalities but also the portion of national minorities residing in Vilnius (Poles and Russians in particular) on a country scale.
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.