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1

Univocity and Analogy: A Comparative Study of Gilbert Ryle and Martin Heidegger

100%

Harris J.

Diametros

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2012

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issue 34

34-50

EN

The work of Gilbert Ryle maintains a notable proximity to the philosophical disposition assumed by the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger. This is due largely to their critiques of the Cartesian tradition of philosophical anthropology. By employing the metaphysical positions of univocity and analogy as a hermeneutical device, this study attempts to draw out the fundamental differences between the projects of Ryle and Heidegger. It is my contention that Ryle is not a phenomenologist precisely because he affirms the Scotist doctrine of the univocity of being. In contrast, Heidegger is a phenomenologist precisely because he disaffirms univocity in favor of a modified version of Thomistic analogy. By recalling this important debate in medieval metaphysics, it is possible to gain important resources for debate between the “analytic” and “continental” camps – at least insofar as those labels correspond to the figures of Ryle and Heidegger in a meaningful way.

2

Dynamika analogii

100%

Buda S.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2006

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issue 38

127-141

PL

The article deals with the simplest, least philosophically engaged, attempts to define analogy. The author is skeptical as far as the possibility of reducing analogy to the linguistic equipment of logic or of enclosing it in any formal schemes is concerned. Looking for the ontic basis of analogy, he shows its possible rooting in objects. In doing so he employs the notions of idea and model as defined by himself. He suggests an irreplaceable role of analogy in scientific reflection.

3

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ УДАРЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ИМЕНИ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОГО В КОНЦЕ XX-ГО – НАЧАЛЕ XXI-ГО ВВ.

100%

Вох (Woch) Й. J., Лодзинский университет К. я. И. р. П.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

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2013

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vol. 09

EN

The present paper analyses changes in Russian word stress in adjectives. Evolution of the accentual system can be observed in particular groups of adjectives: compounds with -плавильный, -прядильный components, within adjectives formed from nouns with suffixes -ов, -ев (мальчиковый, тигровый) and short forms of adjectives. The analyzed process of stress changing in Russian language can be caused by different intra-linguistic and extra-linguistic tendencies, which are discussed in the article.

4

Relevance, ad hoc concepts and analogy

100%

Mioduszewska E.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2017

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vol. 3

155-168

EN

In Relevance Theory (RT) concepts are “enduring elementary mental structure[s] capable of playing different discriminatory or inferential roles on different occasions in an individual’s mental life.” (Sperber & Wilson, 2012, p. 35). They may be lexicalized atomic concepts, ad hoc atomic concepts not encoded in our linguistic system and some innate concepts (Carston, 2010, p. 14). Concepts may be shared between interlocutors, idiosyncratic but grounded in common experience or fully idiosyncratic and non-communicable. They are “arrived at through the mutual pragmatic adjustment of explicature and contextual implicatures.” (Carston, 2010, p. 10). Ad-hoc concepts are “pragmatically derived, generally ineffable, non-lexicalized […] rough indication to aid readers in understanding what we have in mind in particular cases.” (Carston 2010, p. 13). Concepts encoded will only occasionally be the same as the ones communicated because words are used to convey indefinitely many other ad hoc concepts constructed in a given context (Sperber & Wilson, 2012, p. 43). Apparently, RT restricts the construction of ad hoc concepts by the search for relevance (definitions of (optimal) relevance, principles of relevance and relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure) and the potential connection (narrowing or broadening) between the denotations of the encoded and constructed concepts. The mechanisms underlying category narrowing/broadening seem not to be explicitly described and explained. What provides a very general but, at the same time, precise account of concept-relatedness is Hofstadter & Sander’s (2013) understanding of analogy. The question posed here is whether this understanding may help explain concept-relatedness in Relevance Theory.

5

Analogia po polsku

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2007

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issue 41

164-166

PL

Recenzja książki: Zbigniew Wolak, Koncepcje analogii w Kole Krakowskim, Biblos, Tarnów 2005, ss. 376.

6

Using Analogies in Teaching Physics: A Study on Latvian Teachers' Views and Experience

88%

Jonāne L.

Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability

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2015

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vol. 17

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issue 2

53-73

EN

The role of analogies as tools for teaching difficult science concepts has been widely discussed in science education. The application of analogies in the context of sustainable education involves richer potential. The purposeful use of appropriate analogies can facilitate analogical thinking and transfer skills, as well as develop abilities which are required for life and lifelong learning, including successful integration into modern society and facility within our technology saturated world. Analogical thinking supports development of students’ higher order thinking skills. The aim of this study was to identify Latvian physics teachers’ views on the importance of analogies and the methodology of their usage in physics education, as well as to discover innovative examples of analogies. The study involves both quantitative and qualitative methodology: survey of 35 secondary school physics teachers and group interviews with 18 experienced physics teachers. The findings reveal that, in general, now and then Latvian physics teachers use analogies in their pedagogical practice, although they are mostly simplistic and with illustrative character. Some teachers use analogies in order to help students build new knowledge through activating, transferring, and applying existing knowledge and skills in unfamiliar situations.

7

A dynamical-systems approach to the evolution of morphonotactic and lexical consonant clusters in English and Polish

88%

Baumann A., Kaźmierski K.

Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

Consonant clusters appear either lexically within morphemes or morphonotactically across morpheme boundaries. According to extant theories, their diachronic dynamics are suggested to be determined by analogical effects on the one hand as well as by their morphological signaling function on the other hand. This paper presents a mathematical model which allows for an investigation of the interaction of these two forces and the resulting diachronic dynamics. The model is tested against synchronic and diachronic language data. It is shown that the evolutionary dynamics of the cluster inventory crucially depend on how the signaling function of morphonotactic clusters is compromised by the presence of lexical items containing their morpheme internal counterparts.

8

INNOWACJE JĘZYKOWE W MOWIE DZIECI PRZEDSZKOLNYCH

88%

SIKORSKA L.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

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2018

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issue 1

99-112

EN

The author discusses lexical innovations in children's speech, based on the data on word-building formations collected during direct observation of spontaneous speech of children aged 4 to 6. The object of the study is the methods and motivations used to create lexical innovations which come as new elements in children's speech, and have been created either as a result of insufficient awareness of the language norm or as a result of new linguistic associations.

9

Reimbursement of the expenditures from the joint property of the spouses on the real estate constituting personal property of one of them – is it possible to extend the exceptions to the retention right

88%

Mróz-Krysta D.

Acta Iuris Stetinensis

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2019

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issue 27_ENG

135-150

EN

Pursuant to Article 461§1 of Polish Civil Code (hereinafter referred to as: “CC”) related to Article 461§2 CC, a person obliged to release the property belonging to somebody else may retain such property until their claims for the reimbursement of expenditures on the thing of claims to redress the damage inflicted by the thing are satisfied or secured (retention rights). The aforementioned provision shall not apply when the duty to release the property results from tort or in the case of returning the property which have been leased, rented or loaned for use.1 Hence the question about the possibility of applying an analogy to the exclusions to retention right listed in Article 461§2 CC in a situation where after the termination of the marriage (for example: by divorce) the former spouse resides on the property constituting the personal property of the other spouse, against their will, invoking the duty of reimbursement of the expenditures from the common property to the personal property of the other spouse. The author has applied a dogmatic method to the issue outlined above, analysing the current legal situation and concluding that it is permissible to extend exceptions to the right of detention. There are the following premises for application of analogy in the civil law: similarity due to important features and loophole in the law. The use of the real estate property of the ex-spouse, contrary to the will of the other spouse, fulfils all the premises for application of analogy. The ex-spouse residence on the real estate belonging to another spouse, contrary to the others spouse’s will, is reprehensible enough to be qualified as tort and cessation of the family law title to the apartment, referred to in Article 281 FGC – similarity to the cessation of continuous legal relationships, such as lending. As proved, in accordance with applicable law it is admissible to create the analogy to Article 461§2 CC, so that the ex-spouse using the real property of another spouse upon termination of marriage could not invoke the retention right. As for the future, the statutory extension of the scope of the exceptions to the retention right should be suggested.

10

Metaphor in Semiotics: Foundations, Embodiments, Analysis

88%

Sargsyan M. A.

Studia Semiotyczne

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2021

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vol. 35

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issue 1

55-72

EN

A metaphor within the framework of semiotics can be embodied in various semiotic systems, which is a prerequisite for a multilateral, in-depth analysis of its generation and interpretation. The purpose of the article is the conceptualisation of metaphor in the framework of semiotics and analysis using methods of analogy and transference. One of the main problems of metaphor theory is to provide means to represent the process of metaphor generation for understanding the nature of the phenomenon. The use of the offered methods in metaphor generation and interpretation opens up a multifaceted understanding of the object under study.

11

‘If you were an animal, a plant, a meal, a car … what would you be?’ The use of analogy in the study of identity traits

88%

Scârneci-Domnișoru F.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 55

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issue 3

347-368

EN

The article presents a new data-collection technique that can be applied in identity studies: analogy. The use of metaphor in identity studies is no novelty, but this particular creative exercise used in sociological research has not been described before in the methodological literature. Three pieces of research in which this technique has been applied are presented here: studies in which participants have been asked to analogise the profession of sociologist, a state-owned company, or a privately-owned company with animals, plants, automobiles musical instruments, or types of meals. The article highlights the special features of the analogy technique, such as the fact that it diminishes the control mechanisms of the participants, making the data that are obtained less sensitive to social desirability. The analogy is presented as an unusual and fun technique that breaks up the routine of the respondent’s day-to-day life and is a contrast to the monotonous nature of common tests and questionnaires. Applying this exercise in social research is easy. Analogy obtains meaningful answers from participants and it provides valuable results. Because it is able to access surprising information and a very wide range of identity aspects, analogy can be used in all kinds of social research: sociological, psychological, management, political sciences, communication, social work, public relations, human resources, and others.

12

Labial palatalization in dialectal Polish: On phonetic naturalness in grammars

88%

Czaplicki B.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2013

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vol. 49

455-485

EN

It is argued that a universal hierarchical organization of features based on phonetic criteria is not a property of mental grammars. Hardening of the palatal glide in the context of labials gave rise to synchronic alternations in dialectal Polish that cannot be generated under analyses that relate structural complexity to phonetic factors. Theories that propose a phonetically-based hierarchical organization of features (various models of feature geometry) are shown to be inadequate because they fail to predict the existence of diverse palatalization patterns within one linguistic system. It is argued that an account of labial palatalization must rely on language-specific generalizations extracted from the data. Two approaches are consistent with this claim: an analogical approach and a substance-free geometrical approach. The proposed analogical analysis employs phonetically-neutral generalizations manipulating segments and the substance-free analysis makes use of Optimality Theoretic constraints that refer to a hierarchy of features established on a language-particular basis.

13

L2 irregular verb morphology: Exploring behavioral data from intermediate English learners of German as a foreign language using generalized mixed effects models

88%

Wagner T.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 3

535-556

EN

This paper examines possible psycholinguistic mechanisms governing stem vowel changes of irregular verbs in intermediate English learners of German as a foreign language (GFL). In Experiment 1, nonce-infinitives embedded in an authentic fictional text had to be inflected for German preterite, thus testing possible analogy driven pattern associations. Experiment 2 explored the psycholinguistic reality of the so-called apophonic path by prompting two inflections for one given nonce-word. Data were analyzed using generalized mixed effects models accounting for within-subject as well as within-item variance. The results of Experiment 1 and 2 support the notion of a pattern associator and yield only scarce evidence for the psycholinguistic reality of a universal apophonic path. Therefore, the organization of irregular verb morphology in the mental lexicon of intermediate GFL learners might best be captured by the linguistic notion of structured lexical entries as well as the psycholinguistic mechanism of an analogy-based pattern associator.

14

La evolución del perfecto latino en algunas lenguas románicas: el caso del español, el francés y el catalán

88%

Pawłowska M.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2011

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vol. 10

141-150

EN

The following paper attempts to examine the development of Latin perfectum in three Romance languages: Spanish, French and Catalan. In particular, we focus on the relations between analogical changes and frequency of use. The languages we have chosen present various possibilities of this development.

15

Why Catholic Theology Needs Metaphysics: a Christological Perspective

88%

White T.

Teologia w Polsce

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2019

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vol. 13

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issue 2

41-62

EN

The Chalcedonian confession of faith asserts that Christ is one person, the Son of God, subsisting in two natures, divine and human. The doctrine of the communication of idioms is essential to the life and practices of the Church insofar as we affirm there to be properties of deity and humanity present in the one subject, the Word made flesh. Such affirmations are made without a confusion of the two natures or their mutually distinct attributes. The affirmation that there is a divine and human nature in Christ is possible, however, only if it is also possible for human beings to think coherently about the divine nature, analogically, and human nature, univocally. Otherwise it is not feasible to receive understanding of the divine nature of Christ into the human intellect intrinsically and the revelation must remain wholly alien to natural human thought, even under the presumption that such understanding originates in grace. Likewise we can only think coherently of the eternal Son’s solidarity with us in human nature if we can conceive of a common human nature present in all human individuals. Consequently, it is only possible for the Church to confess some form of Chalcedonian doctrine if there is also a perennial metaphysical philosophy capable of thinking coherently about the divine and human natures from within the ambit of natural human reason. This also implies that the Church maintains a “metaphysical apostolate” in her public teaching, in her philosophical traditions, as well as in her scriptural and doctrinal enunciations.

16

Testing word embeddings for Polish

88%

Mykowiecka A., Marciniak M., Rychlik P.

Cognitive Studies

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2017

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issue 17

EN

Testing word embeddings for PolishDistributional Semantics postulates the representation of word meaning in the form of numeric vectors which represent words which occur in context in large text data. This paper addresses the problem of constructing such models for the Polish language. The paper compares the effectiveness of models based on lemmas and forms created with Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) and skip-gram approaches based on different Polish corpora. For the purposes of this comparison, the results of two typical tasks solved with the help of distributional semantics, i.e. synonymy and analogy recognition, are compared. The results show that it is not possible to identify one universal approach to vector creation applicable to various tasks. The most important feature is the quality and size of the data, but different strategy choices can also lead to significantly different results. Testowanie wektorowych reprezentacji dystrybucyjnych słów języka polskiegoSemantyka dystrybucyjna opiera się na założeniu, że znaczenie słów wyrażone jest za pomocą wektorów reprezentujących, w sposób bezpośredni bądź pośredni, konteksty, w jakich słowo to jest używane w dużym zbiorze tekstów. Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy ewaluacji wielu takich modeli skonstruowanych dla języka polskiego. W pracy porównano skuteczność modeli opartych na lematach i formach słów, utworzonych przy wykorzystaniu sieci neuronowych na danych z dwóch różnych korpusów języka polskiego. Ewaluacji dokonano na podstawie wyników dwóch typowych zadań rozwiązywanych za pomocą metod semantyki dystrybucyjnej, tzn. rozpoznania występowania synonimii i analogii między konkretnymi parami słów. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą, że nie można wskazać jednego uniwersalnego podejścia do tworzenia modeli dystrybucyjnych, gdyż ich skuteczność jest różna w zależności od zastosowania. Najważniejszą cechą wpływającą na jakość modelu jest jakość oraz rozmiar danych, ale wybory różnych strategii uczenia sieci mogą również prowadzić do istotnie odmiennych wyników.

17

Spark and Sparkle – „Iskra i gra”. O tłumaczeniu poezji absurdalnej na przykładzie wiersza Ogdena Nasha

76%

Skrzypecki M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2019

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issue 36

213-226

EN

The article is a short presentation of a translation concept created by an American cognitivist and physicist Douglas Hofstadter included in his book Le Ton beau de Marot. The principles of the concept are presented by means of a metaphor. Translation is a game of, only partially conscious, participation in an infinite loop: words evoke images and images – words. The contact with the original text creates images in the translator’s mind that he or she translates by means of language structures into sentences/verses of the target language. This cognitive intuition is paired with a structural category of Stanisław Barańczak’s semantic dominant. This methodological, structural-cognitive pair is a starting point for the analysis of Barańczak’s translation of Ogden Nash’s The Dog. The stylistic and formal solutions (especially rhymes) used by the translator are analysed, but the main goal of the text is to capture the elusive, i.e. the analysis of the interlinguistic and‘inter-mental’ translation of the absurd sense of humour.

18

The Unavoidability of Nature - the Struggle of Erich Przywara and Chantal Delsol to Reintroduce the Concept

75%

Raczyński-Rożek M.

Verbum Vitae

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2020

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vol. 38

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issue 2

PL

The history of modern philosophy has been marked by a retreat from traditional metaphysical concepts, including the notion of nature, which is central to theological considerations. It allows us to recognize a direct connection between the ordered world of nature and the existence of God. Still, some theologians paradoxically welcomed the downfall of metaphysics. Acknowledging the irreversibility of changes in the intellectual landscape of contemporary culture, and following Heidegger’s critique of the so-called ontotheology, they stated that one can and should “do” theology without resorting to metaphysical concepts, like the concept of nature. In this paper I am revisiting the work of two thinkers that defended the concept of nature. They represent two generations of 20th and 21st century Christian theologians (Erich Przywara) and philosophers (Chantal Delsol) who assiduously sought to reintroduce the concept of nature to the mainstream of intellectual discourse. Tracing their footsteps, we shall see that intellectual systems inspired by Christianity actually need the concept of nature, or its equivalent. What is common to both scholars is that they try to achieve this goal indirectly, by substituting the concepts of classical metaphysics. As mentioned, modern critique left metaphysical notions with a bad reputation (undeservedly, in our opinion), but Przywara and Delsol replace them with related concepts that latter-day thinkers find easier to accept.

19

From sound change to suppletion: case studies from Indo-European languages

75%

Kim R. I.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2016

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vol. 77

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issue 4

354-370

EN

Although suppletion has attracted increasing attention in recent years, there is still no accepted dividing line between suppletion and other types of morphological irregularity. It is argued that even explicitly ahistorical treatments have been biased by diachrony, so that forms which are known to have developed from regular paradigms, e.g. Ancient Greek heîs ‘one’ ~ fem. mía or English think ~ thought, tend to be treated as less “truly” suppletive than those which have no known common source. Such cases are not only to be classified as suppletive on formal grounds, but deserve closer attention than they have heretofore received from historical linguists. Given the widespread view that morphological analogy acts to regularize paradigms which have become opaque as a result of phonological changes, suppletion of this sort may be viewed as the logical end point of sound change acting over significant time depths. Any diachronic typology of suppletion must thereforedi stinguish between paradigms composed of historically unrelated stems, and those whose stems have diverged through the cumulative effects of phonological change. With their long written records, Indo-European languages furnish numerous examples of the latter type.

20

Złożenia w rosyjskim slangu młodzieżowym

75%

Kubecka K.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2018

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issue 43

155-166

RU

The article is devoted to compounds in Russian youth slang. The author proves that young people treat compounds as a basis for creative modifications and play with words by combining various parts of speech, different styles, languages in one in order to create humorous formations.

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Univocity and Analogy: A Comparative Study of Gilbert Ryle and Martin Heidegger

Dynamika analogii

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ УДАРЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ИМЕНИ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОГО В КОНЦЕ XX-ГО – НАЧАЛЕ XXI-ГО ВВ.