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EN
This study investigated the use of blogs in an intensive English program at a university in Lebanon. The paper reports on how blogs can contribute to language acquisition and the development of related literacy skills. Blogs were incorporated into the required curriculum as supplemental material over two semesters. The aim of the strategy was to see if the use of blogs would yield any observable benefits for students particularly in the areas of critical thinking and motivation to read and use the target language. Data were collected through a research diary and focus group interviews with the students. The findings reveal that the use of blogs can nurture students’ critical thinking and enhance their motivation to read and use the target language.
EN
The purpose of this article is to determine the character and scope of cooperation between Polish cities and bloggers in relation to the promotion of tourist. The first part of the study is a literature review, including the results of research on the latest trends in the use of online opinion leaders (such as bloggers) in the field of tourism promotion. These findings provide the basis for highlighting particularly important issues involving cooperation with bloggers, which make up a system of cooperation. The second part of the article describes the concept and results of surveys on the subject of cooperation between Polish provincial cities and bloggers. The survey resultswere used to characterize the time range of this cooperation, its goals and form, the criteria for selecting bloggers and measuring the effects of cooperation. The cooperation was found to be non-systemic.
EN
Polish woman­‑centered symbolism has a specific dimension, which is depicted in the iconic ‘Polish Mother’ (Matka Polka). The iconic image is deeply rooted in Polish history and culture and it often refers to the mother of Jesus as she is expected to sacrifice her children for the motherland. As a woman, she realizes herself not only through motherhood but also in the service of her nation, and as such, she becomes a highly charged metaphor for both motherly love and patriotism. The ‘Polish Mother’ is a myth; a stereotype that has shaped the thinking of the nation for more than two centuries and is still largely in force. In contemporary literature (and also in various media texts and blogs) one can identify however, obvious attempts to re­‑evaluate this very traditional iconic image. Especially motherhood, in Poland today, has gained a new dimension. I investigate some of the most characteristic aspects of the selected texts, focusing on the discrepancy between the old clichés and expectations and the subversion of traditionally defined motherhood in a modern society, which no longer takes the ‘Polish Mother’ at face value.
EN
Society XXI many people who live in a global revolution. The development of modern forms of human communication through an electronic medium such as the Internet would not be possible, at least not on the scale on which it is currently observed, without the development of advanced Internet tech- nologies. Currently, e-mail, instant messaging, blogs, discussion groups, social networking sites are so popular and easy to use by the average user. Access to knowledge resources, information storage, private data. Increasingly, companies looking to manage in a virtual way than in the traditional man- ner. The purpose of this article is to present the opportunities offered by the development of information technology.
EN
Nowadays, more and more aspects of everyday life is shifting into internet and appearing a totally new creatures like blogs. The same thing applies to traditional articles in newspapers or magazines which are replacing by theatrical blogs. The main aim of this article is to check what kind of linguistic procedures are used to create creative names of travelling blogs.
EN
After discussing the limits and potentialities of the definitions of travel writing proposed by Paul Fussell (1980). Patrick Holland and Graham Huggan (1998) and Jan Borm (2004), the article presents a characterization of travel writing both as a genre with a precise rhetorical status, as well as a praxis of knoivledge, which derives from the interplay between travelling and writing. Building on this, a comparison between two Italian travel books and two Italian travel blogs about China is proposed. Specifically, by considering these texts as “intermedial transpositions” (Wolf 2008) that realize the same generic and epistemological matrix (i.e. travel writing), a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) is conducted in order to assess: 1) how the book and the blog, as different medial formats, interpret the rhetorical features of the travel writing genre: and 2) to what extent the gnoseological and cross-cultural potentials of travel writing, as a praxis of knowledge, is affected by the process of transposition.
EN
For politics, just like any member of the public, the Internet is a very convenient medium. It not only allows for a relatively low cost to reach diverse customers, but it is also an excellent tool for meeting the requirements of the politics personalization. Not only their own websites, on-line discussions and e-mail offer today a politician possibility of mediating communication with citizens (voters). Becoming increasingly popular, blog offers many exciting opportunities to provide information. Every political party can find a politician who owns and runs a blog (including Joanna Senyszyn, Waldemar Pawlak, Ryszard Czarnecki, Janusz Korwin-Mikke, Marek Migalski). Most of them treats virtual notebooks as a tool to present their views and image. They emphasize certain information which they believe and have not been adequately provided by other media. Undoubtedly, online diaries begin to play an increasingly important role today in political communication. Even though they are much more “poor” from parliamentary websites, because they contain only the texts published by the author, they are a great advantage of personalistic character. Popularity of blogs among politicians (not only in Poland) is steadily increasing. One of the things attesting to the validity of this court is its constant evolution. Online diaries are more and more powerful. You can now post on blog not only a text, but also a photo, short video or audio file. It should be noted that the political debate is closely dependent on the media and changing with the emergence of new communication tools. Blogs made a significant transfers in this area. For the purposes of this article, subject of study focused on two levels of analysis, for the elections to the Parliament (if they were held this Sunday) and in the context of political ideology. The analysis of empirical data was related to the two main issues: ownership and operation of political blogs and track their entries by the voters.
EN
The article is dedicated to reflecting the links between the climate crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic crisis in the context of Czech social media, specifically on several blogging platforms. The processes leading to the climate and pandemic crises are highly intertwined, based in the way humans interact with the environment on a global scale. However, the circumstances and consequences of both crises, as well as the ways they are dealt with, also share common features. The authors identify such contexts as reflected on blogging platforms by undertaking a qualitative analysis of texts from an interpretative phenomenological perspective. Climate scepticism is connected to pandemic scepticism, on the one hand, and to acceptance of the pandemic as a real threat, on the other hand. Conversely, acceptance of the climate crisis can be associated with both acceptance of the pandemic and pandemic scepticism.
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EN
The paper is devoted to general aspects of an Internet blog as an educational instrument and its prospects in education. The authors touch upon the connection between demographic challenges and the current educational trends, showing the main skills of Generation Z. A blog as a teaching tool can be broken down into a number of categories. The paper also discusses in short a few popular blogging platforms.
EN
Cyberbullying during English teaching involving Information Communication Technology (ICT) is an exciting topic to study. Seeing how new language learners share their thoughts and feelings through blogs as alternative learning media and how they engage in cyberbullying in their online interactions may reveal the motives beyond cyberbullying acts. This present study used the mixed method approach to understand the motives to tailor the anti-cyberbullying recommended solutions. The data is extended from a 3-month preliminary study to an 18-month investigation of 711 cyberbullying comments archived in 251 blogs owned and actively used by EFL university students at English Department of Universitas Lancang Kuning (Unilak). The analysis revealed the major students’ motive is just to have fun (70%), followed far behind by the motive to fight back (8%), to express upset feelings (7%), and other motives (12%). 16 students with the highest track record of cyberbullying in their blogging activities were interviewed to discuss their motives for cyberbullying other students whom they have known for at least more than 18 months. Results indicate cyberbullying among language learners seems to be an act of playing with language or linguistics wordplay. Cyberbullying seems to be a sort of language exaggeration for EFL students who possess limited competence in English when they interact in the online network. Based on the results, a new definition of cyberbullying was offered to accommodate the linguistic nature of cyberbullying. Using the primary health care framework by the World Health Organization (WHO), this present study designed a practical list of ready-made classroom activities to combat cyberbullying in four different steps, i.e. promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative.
EN
This research describes the results of a study on young people’s media usage patterns in Latvia during a period of four years from 2007 until 2010. The present study consists of three parts: it analyses the so-called “media day” of young people and shows which media, which content and for what needs are used in different parts of the day; the study collects data about a “media set” chosen by young people and tests what media technological features are used by young people on a regular basis. The results of this particular research allow the discussion of the following questions: What is the correlation between functions of media usage and the level of young people’s awareness about important political, economic and social issues? What particular individual or social conditions can impact young people’s media usage? How does young media users’ behaviour reflect the phenomena of ‘participation culture’ or ‘collective intelligence’? The chosen methods of this research are questionnaire and focus groups discussions.
EN
Blogs are continuously gaining on popularity and social influence in Poland. In this paper we analyze the use of newest English loan words on corpus of texts from most influential Polish blogs. To present complex picture of the loan words, we describe them among others according to their current status as loan words and semantic fields they belong to. The results show some tendencies in the newest English loan words in Polish.
EN
Russian journalism has certain peculiarities based on deeply rooted traditions and state of the modern media system. It has developed a double professional culture; on the one hand it has been serving state interests and on the other hand journalism has been a mission of enlightenment and education in the tradition of the “intelligentsia.” New technologies drastically affect media work. Since the mid-2000s the introduction of social media challenged journalists’ role in society as well as professional practices and norms. This paper discusses an existence of pattern of using social media by Russian journalists based on historical roots and socio-cultural and political background.
PL
Stosunek do praw kobiet w islamie jest nierozerwalnie związany z koncepcją rodziny i społeczeństwa jako całości. Prawo wywodzi się wprost z religii i podporządkowane jest celom szariatu. Istotne są różnice w podejściu do kwestii praw kobiet w islamie i powstałych na Zachodzie międzynarodowych aktów prawnych regulujących kwestie praw człowieka. Podstawowa różnica polega na tym, że szariat nie gwarantuje automatycznie równości płci, ochrony praw kobiet i walki z dyskryminacją. Koncepcja równości w islamie ma swoją religijną specyfikę. W kul-turze muzułmańskiej sfery prawa i religii są nierozdzielne i uzgodnione w taki sposób, że nie sposób naruszyć zapisów prawa boskiego, nie na-ruszając jednocześnie prawa stanowionego. Różnice w dostępie do równych praw dla kobiet muzułmańskich wynikają ze specyfiki lokalnych kultur i tradycji religijnych. Większość krajów muzułmańskich stosuje dzisiaj wobec kobiet normy szariatu w mniej lub bardziej ograniczonym zakresie, który różni się w zależności od obszaru.
EN
The contemporary situation of Muslim women is different in different parts of the Islamic world – it cannot be clearly defined as good or bad. It is not only the result of the division of societies into rich and poor, because in the rich countries of the Gulf, women enjoy less freedom than in many poor villages in Syria. The position of Muslim women in the world raises a lot of controversy as a result of cultural prejudices or ignorance. General trends in the fashion world do not omit men and women in Muslim countries. Like other young people all over the world they are directly exposed to changing trends, including those known as "Western wear". It can be said that the modern activities of Muslim women that fit their – interests give them a new type of professional experience and consequently lead to their economic independence. These activities and interests don’t conflict with traditional roles a Muslim woman plays in the family. Online shopping, for example, can be done without leaving the office or while keeping an eye on the house and children.
EN
The article describes the genesis of electronic diaries - blogs that have become a modern and popular form of recording the image of everyday life of Polish immigrants. The main scientific purpose of the article was to show emigration blogs as a specific form of personal documents, which, apart from the information function, are a tool for expressing oneself, creating one's own image, and communicating with other emigrants. The research attention was also focused on the structure of blogs, their divisions and classifications, characteristic features, determined mainly by the substantive contents spread throughout  the web. The presented examples confirm that blogs, as personal notes, are a very  important element of everyday life of emigration diarists, and a wide range of readers. They also fulfill integrating and therapeutic functions and play an important role in maintaining national identity. With the development of technology, they changed their current form, and became mostly video blogs, but they did not lose their original diary face.
PL
Artykuł zawiera genezę elektronicznych pamiętników - blogów, które stały się nowoczesną i popularną formą utrwalania obrazu życia codziennego polskich emigrantów. Głównym celem artykułu, obok problemów definicyjnych, było  ukazanie blogów emigracyjnych jako specyficznej formy dokumentów osobistych, które poza funkcją informacyjną, stanowią narzędzie służące do wypowiadania się, kreowania własnego wizerunku, komunikacji z innymi emigrantami. Uwaga badawcza skupiona została także na strukturze blogów, ich podziałach i klasyfikacjach, charakterystycznych cechach, determinowanych głównie przez zawartość merytoryczną, upowszechnianą w sieci. Na przedstawionych przykładach potwierdzono, że blogi jako zapiski osobiste, stanowią ważny element życia codziennego emigracyjnych pamiętnikarzy, jak i szerokiego grona czytelników. Spełniają one także funkcję integracyjną i terapeutyczną, odgrywają ważną rolę w podtrzymywaniu tożsamości narodowej. Wraz z rozwojem technologii, zmieniły one dotychczasową formę, stając się w większości wideoblogami, ale nie zatraciły swojego pierwotnego pamiętnikarskiego oblicza. 
PL
Cel/teza: Celem artykułu jest ustalenie sposobu, w jaki blogerzy technologiczni zapewniają sobie niezależność komunikacyjną niezbędną podczas prowadzenia działalności informacyjnej wpływającej na decyzje zakupowe odbiorców. Metody badań: Realizacji wskazanego celu posłużyło studium przypadku oparte na analizie treści kanału „Kuba Klawiter” w serwisie internetowym YouTube. Wyniki i wnioski: W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań ustalono, że blogerzy technologiczni konstruują własną rzetelność w oparciu o wyraźne wyróżnienie treści reklamowych w tworzonych przekazach, zawieranie umów partnerskich i sponsorskich wyłącznie z firmami, które nie dostarczają technologii, autentyzm osobisty oraz pewien stopień zbieżności ich działalności z regułami współczesnego dziennikarstwa. Wartość poznawcza: Przedstawione dociekania stanowić mogą punkt wyjścia dla dalszych analiz poświęconych zmianom w postrzeganiu statusu blogerów i dziennikarzy w środowisku sieciowym, a także przeobrażeniom polskiego rynku medialnego zachodzącym na skutek rozwoju zindywidualizowanej komunikacji masowej.
EN
Scientific objective: The purpose of the paper is to determine how technology bloggers ensure the communication independence necessary when conducting information-related activities that affect the purchasing decisions of recipients. Research methods: The implementation of the indicated goal was carried out by a case study based on the analysis of the content of the “Kuba Klawiter” channel on YouTube. Results and conclusions: As a result of the conducted research, it was found that technology bloggers construct their own reliability based on a clear distinction of advertising content in created messages, conclusion of partnership and sponsorship agreements only with companies that do not provide technology, personal authenticity, and a certain degree of convergence of their activities with rules of modern journalism. Cognitive value: The presented research can be a starting point for further analyzes devoted to changes in the perception of the status of bloggers and journalists in a network environment, as well as the transformations of the Polish media market occurring as a result of the development of individualized mass communication.
PL
W artykule zdefiniowano pojęcie „dziennikarski blog odmedialny”, a następnie podjęto próbę opisania tego zjawiska w radiowej przestrzeni internetowej. Wskazano także potencjał wykorzystywania odmedialnych blogów dziennikarskich i oceniono ich rzeczywistą eksploatację. Zweryfi kowano także tezę mówiącą o tym, że dziennikarskie blogi odmedialne mogłyby być użyteczne dla nadawców, pod warunkiem spełnienia kryteriów odnoszących się do specyfi ki tych blogów (np. ulokowania ich w przestrzeni internetowej mediów, sposobu prowadzenia, aktualizacji, interaktywności, spójności wizualnej i treściowej, ekspozycji dziennikarzy-blogerów i reprezentowanych przez nich audycji). Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie 54 rozgłośni z całego kraju występujących w badaniach Radio Track.
EN
This paper described the concept of "journalistic medial blog" and then attempted to describe this phenomenon in the radio web space. It also identifi ed the potential of using journalistic medial blogs and rated their actual usability. The article also verifi ed the thesis saying that journalistic medial blogs could be useful for broadcasters under fulfi lling specifi c conditions driven by these blogs (eg. like locating them in the web space of the media, maintaining or upgrading the interactivity and visual coherence between blogs and media, exposing journalists and their programmes in these blogs). The conducted analysis was based on 54 radio stations from all over the country, occurring in Radio Track research.
DE
The main purpose of the study reported in this article is to find out from the didactic perspective what a blog is, how it can be effectively used in foreign language teaching and learning, and which competences can be developed by students using blogs. This article also aims to show whether blogs written by teachers motivate students to learn foreign languages.  
EN
The convergence of media and media solutions affects the way young people use digital devices and applications dedicated to them. The new digital reality shapes another social phenomenon – blogging, which creates a specific culture of communication. In the era of digital technologies and access to many network programs, the modern generation of young people feels the needto be online, wants to have quick access to information and can also post it on the Internet themselves. The article describes only one media form, which is a blog, and this form has been explored. The main goal of the research was to obtain respondents' opinions on blogs as a popularform of communication in cyberspace. A detailed diagnosis of the studied phenomenon was possible thanks to the formulation of four research problems. The diagnostic survey method was used.A proprietary empirical tool was constructed for respondents participating in the study, which wasplaced online at survio.com/pl.
PL
Konwergencja mediów i rozwiązań medialnych wpływa na sposób korzystania przez młodzież z urządzeń cyfrowych i aplikacji im dedykowanych. Nowa digitalna rzeczywistość kształtuje kolejne zjawisko społeczne, jakim jest blogging, który tworzy specyficzną kulturę komunikacji. W dobie cyfrowych technologii oraz dostępu do wielu programów sieciowych współczesne pokolenie młodych odczuwa potrzebę bycia online, chce mieć szybki dostęp do informacji, a także może je samodzielnie zamieszczać w internecie. W artykule opisano tylko jedną formę medialną, jaką jest blog, i tę uczyniono przedmiotem eksploracji. Głównym celem badań było pozyskanie opinii respondentów na temat blogów jako popularnej formy komunikacji w cyberprzestrzeni. Szczegółowa diagnoza badanego zjawiska była możliwa dzięki sformułowaniu czterech problemów badawczych. Wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Dla respondentów biorących udział w badaniu skonstruowano autorskie narzędzie empiryczne, które umieszczono online na stronie survio.com/pl.
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