Search results

1

English in Korean – Konglish

100%

Oleksiuk M.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2017

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vol. 6

119-126

EN

Korean is spoken by around 75 million individuals in South Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Russia. The relationship between Korean and other languages is not precisely known; however, several etymologists believe it to be an individual tongue from the Altaic group of languages. Human mobility and access to global information cause the interaction between one language and another, thus giving the possibility of loanwords in the native language. The Korean language is also the type of language in which many loanwords can be found. In Korean there are numerous loanwords from English. Nowadays the young Korean generation use Konglish, which is an Interlanguage consisting of English and Korean words. Konglish contains Korean lexical items with English loanwords nativized into Korean. English words used in daily conversation, advertising, and entertainment are included and seen as fashionable. However, usage of this type can frequently give rise to misunderstandings due to issues of sentence structure or vocabulary.

2

O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim

100%

Rutkowska K.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2014

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vol. 38

126-152

EN

In this study lexical lithuanisms were analysed, functioning in the Ignalina–Zarasai area, on the Lithuanian–Latvian–Belarussian borderland. Lithuanian proceeds on Slavic dialect have an ancient history, which can be associated with a period, dated quite early based on sources of language. Studying Lithuanian vocabulary in these dialects, the dynamics of influences can be observed simultaneously, as contacts between Lithuanian and other dialects existed in this area for a long time. Therefore, several layers of lithuanisms, differentiated based on time and manner of borrowing, can be distinguished: a) a layer of borrowings with a wide range, shared by many language groups, certified in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages; b) a layer of contact lithuanisms, certified in the border zone of Lithuania and the Polish language, dialects occurring in Belarus, also in the Russian dialects of Old Believers; this vocabulary can have a wider range of occurrence or be listed within a single language area, for example only in the Ignalina–Zarasai or Vilnius region; c) borrowings with the rank of infiltration, resulting from active contacts with the Lithuanian language and dialects.

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu poddano analizie lituanizmy leksykalne, funkcjonujące na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim, znajdującym się na pograniczu litewsko-łotewsko-białoruskim. Wpływy litewskie na gwary słowiańskie mają tu dawną historię – w dostępnych źródłach językowych pojawiają się dość wcześnie. Badając leksykę litewską w analizowanych gwarach, można jednocześnie obserwować dynamikę tych wpływów, bowiem kontakt z językiem litewskim trwał na tym terenie nieustannie. Zanotowane lituanizmy dają się podzielić na kilka grup w zależności od okresu i sposobu zapożyczenia: a) warstwę zapożyczeń o szerokim zasięgu, wspólną wielu zespołom językowym, poświadczoną w języku polskim, rosyjskim, ukraińskim i białoruskim; b) warstwę lituanizmów kontaktowych, poświadczonych w pasie przygranicznym z Litwą i występującej polszczyźnie i w gwarach białoruskich, też w rosyjskich gwarach staroobrzędowców; słownictwo to może mieć szerszy zasięg występowania lub być notowane w obrębie jednego obszaru językowego, np. tylko na terenie ignalińsko-jezioroskim lub wileńskim; c) zapożyczeń mających rangę infiltracji, wynikających z czynnych kontaktów z językiem i gwarami litewskimi.

3

Przykłady zapożyczeń z języka polskiego w wybranych ukraińskich powieściach historycznych pisarzy galicyjskich

100%

Krzywicka-Ustrzycka A.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2008

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIII

427-435

EN

The analysis of research material aims to present the borrowings from the Polish language employed in two selected historical novels by 20th century writers from Galitia. The examples of borrowings subject to the description and analysis prove that Polish and Ukrainian languages exerted linguistic influence on each other through common history and culture of Eastern Galitia. The analysis of borrowings accounts for the introduction to further studies of borrowings as used by other writersfrom Galitia, which would enable to address issues of linguistic specificity of particular region in terms of borrowings.

4

La veille néologique en tant que démarche à visée lexicographique : exemple de l’emprunt récent à l’anglais en français et en polonais

100%

Kacprzak A.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2016

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vol. 63

69-77

EN

The article presents one of the relatively new approaches of lexicological registration and elaboration on neologisms (so called veille néologique, i.e. neological watch). As an example we will present an international project, EMPNEO, which aims to research the spreading of new borrowings, most frequently from English, to some selected languages.

5

Gramatyczna kategoria rodzaju dla zapożyczeń w języku polskim i rosyjskim: paralele i różnice

100%

Kwiatkowska T.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

|

2014

|

issue 19

217-229

EN

This paper analyses the category of gender for nouns borrowed into Polish and Russian languages. Empirical base for the research are lexemes borrowed from Greek and Latin languages with or without intermediary function of the Western European languages. The units are divided according to symmetry and asymmetry occurring within this category. The research has identified the most characteristic manners and models in which borrowings have adapted in other languages as well as some mechanisms of gender classification with reference to trends and principles found in both systems. It also indicates some trends in gender classification for the most recently adapted borrowings.

6

O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim

100%

Rutkowska K.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

|

2014

|

vol. 38

EN

About layers of lexis of Lithuanian origins in the Ignalina–Zarasai regionIn this study lexical lithuanisms were analysed, functioning in the Ignalina–Zarasai area, on the Lithuanian–Latvian–Belarussian borderland. Lithuanian proceeds on Slavic dialect have an ancient history, which can be associated with a period, dated quite early based on sources of language. Studying Lithuanian vocabulary in these dialects, the dynamics of influences can be observed simultaneously, as contacts between Lithuanian and other dialects existed in this area for a long time. Therefore, several layers of lithuanisms, differentiated based on time and manner of borrowing, can be distinguished: a) a layer of borrowings with a wide range, shared by many language groups, certified in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages; b) a layer of contact lithuanisms, certified in the border zone of Lithuania and the Polish language, dialects occurring in Belarus, also in the Russian dialects of Old Believers; this vocabulary can have a wider range of occurrence or be listed within a single language area, for example only in the Ignalina–Zarasai or Vilnius region; c) borrowings with the rank of infiltration, resulting from active contacts with the Lithuanian language and dialects. O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskimW niniejszym opracowaniu poddano analizie lituanizmy leksykalne, funkcjonujące na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim, znajdującym się na pograniczu litewsko-łotewsko-białoruskim. Wpływy litewskie na gwary słowiańskie mają tu dawną historię – w dostępnych źródłach językowych pojawiają się dość wcześnie. Badając leksykę litewską w analizowanych gwarach, można jednocześnie obserwować dynamikę tych wpływów, bowiem kontakt z językiem litewskim trwał na tym terenie nieustannie. Zanotowane lituanizmy dają się podzielić na kilka grup w zależności od okresu i sposobu zapożyczenia: a) warstwę zapożyczeń o szerokim zasięgu, wspólną wielu zespołom językowym, poświadczoną w języku polskim, rosyjskim, ukraińskim i białoruskim; b) warstwę lituanizmów kontaktowych, poświadczonych w pasie przygranicznym z Litwą i występującej polszczyźnie i w gwarach białoruskich, też w rosyjskich gwarach staroobrzędowców; słownictwo to może mieć szerszy zasięg występowania lub być notowane w obrębie jednego obszaru językowego, np. tylko na terenie ignalińsko-jezioroskim lub wileńskim; c) zapożyczeń mających rangę infiltracji, wynikających z czynnych kontaktów z językiem i gwarami litewskimi.

7

A current trend or a historic remnant? The case of a Lovari verb-forming suffix

100%

Baló A. M.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2011

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vol. 47

264

EN

The Romany language, due to the circumstances in which it is used, frequently borrows lexical items. This mostly happens from the local language, that is, the one spoken by the majority society surrounding the given Roma community. The verbal system seems to be of particular interest, as well as the phenomena and the ongoing processes in the verbal paradigms in relation to the adaptation of loan verbs. One of the most important elements of loan-verb adaptation in Hungarian Lovari is the derivational marker -sar, as opposed to Austrian Lovari, where the dominant marker used for the same function is in. Te marker -sar can be viewed as one single unit, but it is possible to break it down into two parts, namely -(V)s- and -ar, on a historical basis – both possibilities can be justified. Therefore the question arises as to which is worth more, but as we will see, the changes that have happened and are happening in the language may make the strictly diachronic approach unnecessarily complicated, whereas, at the same time, it can be difficult to handle them within a traditional synchronic framework. However, if we look at the analogy-based processes which have taken place and are taking place, the change can easily be made part of the model and the question loses its significance.

8

Особенности интерпретации заимствованных неологизмов со значением лица в условиях двуязычия

100%

Didenko N.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2012

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vol. 156

77 - 84

EN

In the article we consider the problem of understanding the unique lexemes-neologisms meaning people (root segment belongs to the Kazakh language, grammatical forming has the Russian basis), citizens of the country where communication is carried out by means of two languages — Kazakh and Russian. These lexical units, chosen from the modern Kazakh Russian-language press are interpreted differently by users of the two mentioned languages.

9

O konceptualizacyjnym potencjale pewnego rossicum

100%

Sarnowski M.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2006

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XI

297-305

EN

The subject of this article is the formation of strictly Polish concept, designated by Russianborrowing matrioshka.

10

Zapożyczenia litewskie oznaczające skłonności i stany człowieka oraz sposoby wyrażania czułości lub niechęci (na materiale gwar polskich na Litwie)

100%

Rutkowska K.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2011

|

vol. 35

EN

Lithuanian borrowings denoting human states, dispositions and the ways of expressing frankness and unwillingness (based on the material of Polish dialects in Lithuania)The present article is a continuation of the previous studies (Rutkowska, 2009, 2010) dedicated to Lithuanian borrowings. Two previous articles have been related to human appearance and mental characteristics. The subject of the present article is Lithuanian borrowings which describe specific human dispositions and mental states, as well as the usage of epithets and the ways of addressing other people (terms of endearment). The lexical material of the article and vocabulary analyzed previously allows to state that the words referring to man make up a group of fairly large vocabulary of Lithuanian origin. It has been observed that words of such semantic categories as agriculture, weaving, fishery, construction are characterized nowadays as archaic because of the disappearance of a particular type of folk culture and changes in the field of rural activities. However, different ways of describing a person are still present in various dialect areas. A varying degree of adaptation of borrowed lexemes suggests that the penetration of such lexemes was a continuous process, which lasted throughout the period of the contact of Polish and Lithuanian dialects, and this process is continuing at the present day. The reason for the linguistic behavior of this type of Lithuanian words in Polish dialects is semantic capacity and expressiveness of these lexemes. Литуанизмы, обозначающие состояния и склонности человека, а также способы выражения им нежности или пренебрежения (на материале польских говоров в Литве)Данная статья является продолжением предыдущих исследований, посвященных заимствованиям из литовского языка, характеризующим человека (Rutkowska, 2009, 2010). Две предыдущих статьи были посвящены анализу лексики, определяющей внешний облик и черты характера человека. Предметом исследования в данной статье являются слова, связанные с типичными склонностями человека, а также афектонимы и прозвища. Лексика, представленная в трех очередных статьях, свидетельствует о многочисленности заимствований данной лексико-семантической группы и ее продуктивности. Если слова, принадлежащие к таким семантическим категориям, как земледелие, ткачество, строительство, характеризуются архаичностью в силу перемен, происходящих в сельскохозяйственной сфере жизни, то названия, определяющие человека, и в дальнейшем употребляются на разных диалектных ареалах Литвы. Различная степень адаптации данных лексем свидетельствует о том, что процесс проникновения заимствованной лексики был длительным и существовал на протяжениии всего периода контактирования польских и литовских говоров, активно подолжается и в настоящее время. Причиной сохранения в польских говорах данной лексики является ее антропоцентризм, семантическая наполненность и экспрессивность.

11

"Nieudacznik” - pożyczka leksykalna czy wyraz obcy?

100%

Sarnowski M.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

|

2008

|

vol. Tom 1 Nr XIII

521-530

XX

This article contains the attempt to determine the linguistic status of the word nieudacznik (Russian: неудачник; English: loser) and to describe the Polish concept of „nieudacznik” and its axiological circle.

12

Le fou est-il vraiment fou? Les noms des figures d’échecs dans les langues romanes

88%

Dębowiak P.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

|

2013

|

vol. 18

|

issue 1

41-49

EN

The purpose of the paper is to present and explain the etymology of some chess terms (‘chess’, ‘checkmate’) and the chessmen’s names (‘king’, ‘queen’, ‘bishop’, ‘knight’, ‘rook’ and ‘pawn’) in seven Romance languages. Numerous words referring to chess in Portuguese, Galician, Spanish, Catalan, French, Italian and Romanian are analysed and compared so as to show their common history and some interesting linguistic facts that occurred during their formation.

13

External Financing of Hungarian Local Governments: Knowledge and Attitude

88%

Kovàcs G.

Zarządzanie Publiczne

|

2011

|

issue 4(16)

98-93

EN

The drastic increase in volume of local government debt in Hungary started in 2006. From that year to 2009 the value of municipal bonds issued increased sevenfold and exceeded USD 1 billion. My hypothesis assumes that a supposable improvement in local municipal financial management may have resulted in the spread of bond issue, which in Hungary is still considered innovative. My research, which was based on a stratified sample of 308 Hungarian municipalities, came to the conclusion that expertise of local governments’ financial executives related to loan financing (including also bond financing) is extremely low. As an interval estimation, we can conclude that practically 31–39% of all the Hungarian municipalities have no professional knowledge in this field. Based on my survey, the least right answers were given to statements relating to bond financing itself, though most respondents knew that long term borrowing’s priority is investment. The majority of local governments are unable to distinguish the economic differences between bank loans and bonds, and are unclear concerning the potential benefits, advantages, and disadvantages of bonds. No wonder that nearly all the bonds were issued privately where the buyers were solely commercial banks. In addition, 12–18% of the municipalities has prejudices and clearly has misconceptions about obtaining funds through borrowing. According to the results of principal component analysis local governments’ knowledge level can be classified and explained by three components: theoretical knowledge of local borrowing, knowledge of legal and administrative regulation, and skill in capital market financing. By summing up the results of the research it can be stated that the improvement in local financial management couldn’t have been the primary reason for municipal bond boom, but there were external factors that determined and dominated this process of booming.

14

La terminologie scientifique et technique arabe entre rupture et continuité

88%

Hamzé H.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2021

|

issue 13

133-148

EN

The Arabic lexicon is built on consonantal roots. Unlike agglutinative languages, it uses internal flexion. However, a significant part of modern Arabic scientific terminology is borrowed from Western languages, especially French and English. Extensive borrowing of this kind risks the emergence of two distinct subsets within the Arabic lexicon: a. the general vocabulary includes the words used by everyone in everyday life. This vocabulary is built on consonant roots, mainly with three consonants. Unlike French and English dictionaries, Arabic dictionaries are organized by roots and not by entries in alphabetical order. ; b. the specialized vocabulary includes the terms of scientific and technical disciplines used by specialists in their fields. This vocabulary is built on syllables like the vocabulary of European languages. This text will examine the problems of extensive register-specific lexical borrowing, and the risk of fracture that this presents.

15

Вплив англомовного сленгу на сучасну українську мову

88%

Sergienko M.

Path of Science

|

2018

|

vol. 4

|

issue 12

4006-4010

UK

Тенденції сучасного світу завжди відбиваються у мові кожної нації. Українська мова надзвичайно швидко змінюється, багато слів стають архаїзмами, натомість з’являються нові артефакти. Цей процес пояснюється, у тому числі, масовим використання комп’ютерних технологій, повсякденним віртуальним спілкуванням, що сприяло «запровадженню моди» на вживання українцями англомовного сленгу та укорінення нових таксонів в українській мові. Мета статті – виявити вплив англомовного сленгу на сучасну українську мову. Теоретичне значення роботи полягає у тому, що її положення та висновки конкретизують і поглиблюють вироблені в мовознавстві уявлення про взаємозв’язок між мовами, способи впровадження та перекладу запозичень. Практичне застосування результатів дослідження можливе у професійній діяльності перекладачів, на курсах практики перекладу та при розробці словників сучасної української мови. У роботі наведено приклади утворення та використання сленгізмів в англомовній сфері, окреслено варіанти вживання багатозначних слів чи словосполучень як в англомовному дискурсі, так і використання цих лексичних одиниць в серед українців. В ході дослідження було встановлено, що, в основному, сленг потрапляє до вокабуляру української мови шляхом запозичення, частіше, шляхом калькування чи транскрибування, інколи можливе вживання описового перекладу чи додавання пояснень до тексту. Наведено приклади використання популярних англомовних сленгізмів в українському дискурсі, зокрема. соціальних мережах, телевізійних ефірах, публіцистичних текстах чи повсякденних розмовах.

EN

Trends in the modern world are always reflected in the language of every nation. The Ukrainian language is changing extremely fast, many words become archaisms, but new artifacts are emerging. This process is explained, among the other factors, by the extensive use of computer technologies, everyday virtual communication, which contributed to the introduction of a certain trend for the use of the English-language slang by the Ukrainians and the introduction of new taxons in the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the article is to reveal the influence of the English-language slang on the contemporary Ukrainian language. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that its provisions and conclusions concretize and deepen the linguistic ideas about the relationship between languages, the way of introduction and translation of borrowings. The practical application of the research results is possible in the professional activities of translators, in the practice of translation and in the development of dictionaries of the modern Ukrainian language. The paper presents the examples of formation and use of slang words in the English-language sphere, outlines the use of polysemantic words or phrases both in the English-language discourse and in the speech of the Ukrainians. In the course of the study, it was found that, as a rule, slang gets into the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language by borrowing, more often – by scraping or transcribing, sometimes it is possible to use a descriptive translation or to add explanations to the text. The article gives the examples of the use of popular English-language slang in the Ukrainian discourse, in particular, in social networks, TV broadcasts, journalistic texts, or everyday conversations.

16

Экзотизмы в репортажах Р. Капущинского и их перевод на русский язык

88%

Kozyra M.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

|

2017

|

issue 22/4

111-123

EN

This paper concentrates on the ways in which exoticisms should be translated from Polish to Russian. We focus on the exoticisms used in Cesarz and Podróże z Herodotem by R. Kapuściński. In this text we stress the need to preserve the local cultural coloring of a given exoticism in the process of translation. Moreover, we notice that a unified definition of the term exoticism is necessary, and the lack thereof makes it more difficult to single out exoticisms from among other borrowings. We also touch upon the issue of the so-called third culture while our interest in it results from the very nature of travel essays, which often acquaint the readers with exotic cultural realities.

17

Zur Gegenwart und Geschichte der Forschungen zu deutschen lexikalischen Entlehnungen im Polnischen

88%

Marek R., Universität Łódź P. F.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

|

2013

|

vol. 09

EN

The article presents research into borrowings from German to the Polish language. That research was initiated in the 19th century. German lexical borrowings were linked to other linguistic issues, such as morphology, syntax, phonology or semantic field theory. The most important researcher of German borrowings in Polish were Aleksander Bruckner, Leszek Moszyński, Ludwik Zabrocki, Wilhelm Kästner, Alicja Karszniewicz-Mazur etc. The article is a critical analysis of the most significant publications on this subject.

18

INNOVATION IN 19TH CENTURY ROMANIAN: FINANCIAL AND BANKING TERMINOLOGY OF ITALIAN ORIGIN

88%

POPA C.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

|

2017

|

vol. 9

119-127

EN

With the economic development of Romania by the end of the 19th century, new economic realities emerged that called for an appropriate terminological representation, which fact resulted in borrowing from Italian, the language of a country where the banking system was well-developed, and hence an ideal source thereof. Our presentation will include an analysis of the financial, economic and banking terminology adopted by the Romanian language, of the process of adapting these Italian terms to the peculiarities of the borrowing language, and a statistics of borrowings based on the most representative Romanian lexicographical works.

19

Ksiądz / księża / książę

88%

Czarnecki T.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2013

|

vol. 2

7-18

EN

The article tries, once again, to explore the etymology of Polish words ksiądz / książę / księża. Since new linguistic and historical facts as well as reconstructions may be presented in this field, the author draws the following conclusions: 1) the Polish term ksiądz comes from the Germanic *kuning, which main meaning could be interpreted as “Franks’ ruler”. The word was borrowed by Slavic languages twice: a) in the first half of the 7th century as a West-Slavic word *kъnędzь; b) in the first half of the 8th century as a South-Slavic word *kъnęgъ. In the second half of the 9th century, the two borrowings meet, which is connected with the Cyril and Methodius’s Christianization in Great Moravia. The word was present in all Slavic languages and its meaning could be interpreted as “the uncrowned ruler of the country” = ‘principes’/Polish ‘książę’. 2) Polish księża (< Slav. *kъnęžьja) is a continuation of a plural form of the Germanic *kuning-, *kuninga. 3) The word książę (< West-Slavonic *kъnęžę) appeared as a derivative of Slavonic *kъnędzь and at first meant ‘a young man who was a member of a ruling family’ and most commonly was ‘the son of a ruler’. 4) At the turn of the 9th and the 10th century Western-Slavonic people changed the meaning of both terms *kъnędzь and *knęžę the first word, both among Czechs and Poles, referred only to the word ‘principes’, whereas the second term began to be understood as “a common prince” or “the uncrowned ruler”. From the 13th century until the 16th century, Polish ksiądz became – under the infl uence of the Czech language – the term for a clergyman (firstly used as the reference only to the bishop, and later as the reference to an ordinary priest).

20

Vormeninskische Ergänzungen zu Stanisław Stachowskis “Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Lehnwörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen”

88%

Rocchi L.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

|

2013

|

vol. 18

|

issue 3

111-145

EN

Stanisław Stachowski’s “Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Lehnwörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen”, published in Folia Orientalia 13 (1971 [1972]), 267-298, started a long series of historicallexicographical studies which the great Polish scholar devoted to foreign elements found in the Turkish Transkriptionstexte. Since then a number of scientific editions of these texts have however come out, particularly, in recent years, Filippo Argenti’s (1533), Pietro Ferraguto’s (1611) and Arcangelo Carradori’s (1650) very important handwritten lexicographical works, which had been but little or not at all known so far. As the aforementioned as well as other publications provide much material on the European loanwords in Ottoman-Turkish, which are mostly Graecisms, this paper aims to supplement Stachowski’s work both by adding data to original entries and presenting new words of Greek origin. It has to be pointed out that all the material comes from Transkriptionstexte dating from before Meninski’s Thesaurus (1680).

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