Search results

1

Początki kształtowania się reprezentacji społecznej zapożyczeń w sferze publicznej

100%

Zbróg P.

Język a Kultura

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2017

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vol. 27

29 - 41

EN

The article presents an initial phase of the process of shaping of social representations of borrowings. The aim was to obtain a view of the way in which participants of the public sphere talked about these elements of language, how they perceived them as well as what common sense image was created on this basis in the communication sphere and how it was modified. The first judgements and opinions on the matter of foreign words appeared around the 16th century and evolved from that moment. The theory of social representations developed by Serge Moscovici was applied as a theoretical and methodological basis of the description. Its research tools allow us to see the way in which societies construct meanings of matters important to them. On the basis of the analysis of the material it was established that from the beginning there were rather antagonistic elements of social representations of borrowings. The functionality of borrowings was noticed. Yet it was postulated that they should be eliminated from texts on account of the necessity to develop the native language, the incomprehensibility of statements as well as the excessive trend of foreignness.

2

Der, die oder das? Zum Genusproblem bei Kurzwörtern

100%

Jędrzejowski M.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

|

2012

|

issue 36

7-20

EN

Abbreviations enrich the vocabulary of languages in general and can be considered an established phenomenon. They decline, undergo composition and form plural. Furthermore, they fulfill many particular functions in language. The present paper deals with the gender of German abbreviations borrowed from other languages. In particular, the author analyses the relation between the gender of an abbreviation and the gender of its full form in an attempt to answer the question if an abbreviation is borrowed with its gender or if the gender is allotted to a given abbreviation in the process of its translation into German. The paper also discusses which method should be chosen to avoid complete arbitrariness in the use of the gender of such abbreviations. Thus, the present paper focuses on an important issue that in contemporary linguistics still awaits a comprehensive treatment.

3

Z radzieckiej kuchni północnokresowej. Unifikujące oddziaływanie języka rosyjskiego na polską, litewską i białoruską frazematykę kulinarną

80%

Marszałek M.

Poradnik Językowy

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2022

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vol. 798

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issue 9

48-61

EN

This article concerns the culinary vocabulary of the Northern Borderlands. The subject matter of the discussions is phrasemes limited to the ones that are common to the language communities mixing in the territory of Lithuania for a long time: Lithuanians, Belarusians, Poles, and Russians. The language material comes from the Vilnius press of the period 1960–1979 and book publications printed in Soviet Lithuania in 1949–1985. It was selected from among around 120 multi-word culinary units of the Northern Borderlands according to one formula: namely, a phraseme used in the same meaning and form in Lithuanian Polish, in Russian, Belarusian, and Lithuanian.

4

Les emprunts à l’anglais touchés par la réforme orthographique et leur variation dans la presse canadienne en ligne

80%

Fabrycy M.

Neophilologica

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2020

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vol. 32

258-279

EN

This article examines if and how the recommendations of the spelling reform from 1990 are applied and used in practice. We have focused especially on the loanwords namely anglicisms in the Canadian French and their employment in the Canadian press in electronic format. For that purpose, we wanted to depict certain details of the spelling reform concerning words of foreign origin, and more precisely those which are borrowed from British and American English. We have also concentrated our attention on the difficulties of French grammatical system, comparing it with the Italian and Spanish grammatical systems in order to illustrate the level of complexity of the French language. To demonstrate and verify the usage of the rules recommended by the reform of French orthography, we have chosen several online versions of Canadian daily press.

5

Mentee, czyli mentorowany – o recepcji zapożyczenia w języku polskim

80%

Grażul-Luft A.

Poradnik Językowy

|

2023

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vol. 800

|

issue 1

84-95

EN

The borrowing mentee occurs in the Polish language mainly in the area concerned with professional development. The noun is semantically close e.g. to the word podopieczny, yet its emotional load seems to be more positive than that of other semantically similar lexemes. The borrowing mentee has not be recorded in dictionaries of Polish yet; its meaning has been discussed based on contextual usages.

6

Udział medycznych terminów zapożyczonych w XIX-wiecznych synonimach głównych (na materiale nazw chorób ze Słownika terminologii lekarskiej polskiej)

80%

Jankowiak L. A.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2014

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issue 11

159-167

EN

The ordering of the Polish medical terminology in the 19th century resulted in the release of the Dictionary of Polish Medical Terminology (Polish: Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej) in 1881. The publication collected, among other things, synonymic series of Polish medical terms following the rule that the best term was listed as the first one, which in this paper, is referred to as the main synonym. The aim of the article is to present the frequency of instances when the main synonym is a borrowing. The analysis of 940 synonymic series concerning the names of diseases reveals that borrowings are rare in the analysed material (only 57 out of the 2,469 terms in the synonymic series). A borrowing (mainly from Greek and Latin) constitutes the main synonym only 15 times. The authors of the Dictionary preferred native terms despite the fact that foreign ones are usually more "economical" (e.g. with regard to their structure).

7

Ukraińska terminologia informatyczna: stan, problemy, zapożyczenia

80%

Jóźwikiewicz P.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2011

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vol. 154

121-132

EN

In the article, the author discusses the state of the Ukrainian IT reality in the 1990s as well as at the beginning of the 21st century. He presents the views of the renowned Ukrainian linguists connected with the problems which emerged along with the development of the Ukrainian computer terminology. Particular attention is paid to the issue of borrowings from English, especially to the forms which arose as a result of transliteration (phonetic transcription), calquing and explication.

8

(Un)Übersetzbare Anglizismen in deutschen Stellenanzeigen

80%

Knychalska M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2023

|

issue 23

261-277

EN

This article focuses on outlining the trend of the appearance of Anglicisms and determining the desirability and necessity of their use in the current language of German job advertisements. The study covers the theoretical aspect of the issue described and its empirical analysis, presented in the form of a tabular layout of German-language equivalents to foreign-English terms. The phenomenon of borrowing will be examined in terms of its normativity in the language of the recipient. The study juxtaposes two professional groups – those for whom knowledge of a second language is regarded as an asset, and a second group – those working in an international environment – and thus having plurilingual status. The material studied is a selection of job offers from the last quarter of 2022 sourced from the German online portal Indeed. In the tabular summary, the author aims to translate the content of the English vocabulary into German target terms preserving their original meaning, being their equivalents in the language of the recipient.

9

Новые иноязычные слова в русском языке: функциональный и методологический аспекты

80%

Kalnova O., Поволжская государственная социально-гуманитарная академия к. р. я.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

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2015

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vol. 11

EN

The influx of a huge number of foreign words to the Russian language – at the text, speech and system levels – that began in the late XX century, observed today, has created serious problems faced by ordinary native speakers as well as linguists. Genetic typology; thematic typology; classification based on the degree of development of foreign language words; typology, which is based on the principle of the nomination – a sign of the presence / absence of an equivalent in the language of the recipient are the best known in the native linguistics. Due to significant changes observed in the nature of borrowing and the new foreign words’ development in the Russian language, there is a question of the facts borrowing traditional theory’s adequacy to language interaction. The numerous examples’ analysis of the foreign words usage shows that quite often their different ranks are deprived of their individuality. This is reflected in the fact that the properties that were considered typical for one category of words we find in the other, and vice versa. This is confirmed by a number of facts: the active use of Latin at foreign words’ registration, word-formation activity of not only borrowed, but also other ranks of foreign words, their functional convergence in modern texts.

RU

Приток огромного числа иноязычных слов в русский язык – на уровне текста, речи, системы, – начавшийся в конце XX века и наблюдаемый сегодня, породил серьезные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются как рядовые носители языка, так и ученые. В отечественном языкознании наиболее известны генетическая типология; тематическая типология; классификация, основанная на степени освоенности иноязычного слова; типология, в основе которой лежит принцип номинации – признак наличия/отсутствия эквивалента в системе языка-реципиента. В связи с существенными изменениями, наблюдаемыми в характере заимствования и освоения русским языком новых иноязычных слов, возникает вопрос о степени адекватности традиционной теории заимствования фактам языкового взаимодействия. Анализ многочисленных примеров употребления иноязычных слов показывает, что достаточно часто разные их разряды оказываются лишёнными своей индивидуальности. Это выражается в том, что свойства, считавшиеся типичными для одной категории слов, мы находим в другой, и наоборот. Это подтверждается рядом фактов: активным использованием латиницы при оформлении иноязычных слов, словообразовательной активностью не только заимствованных, но и других разрядов иноязычных слов, их функциональным сближением в современных текстах.

10

Zapożyczenia litewskie dotyczące charakteru i zachowań człowieka (na materiale gwar polskich na Litwie)

80%

Rutkowska K.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2010

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vol. 34

EN

Lithuanian loanwords describing human character and behaviour (based on the material of Polish dialects in Lithuania) The aim of the present article is to describe the vocabulary of Lithuanian origin that correlates with an individual’s psychology. The major attention in the article is given to the function of this lexical group in the present-day Polish dialects, as well as to the changes, which took place in the semantic structure of the borrowings in comparison to the original expressions. In this connection, the area of the usage of corresponding lexemes in Lithuanian dialects has been established, their semantic structure analysed, and stylistic marking regarded. Most of the analyzed material has been chosen from my personal collection of Lithuanisms, and it contains vocabulary used in various dialect regions of Lithuania. The Lithuanisms discussed in the article correlate to such individual’s qualities as loquacity, proneness to complain, moan, wail, frivolity, slowness, negligence, slyness and foolishness. Заимствования из литовского языка обозначающие черты характера человека и типичные для него способы поведения (на материале польских говоров в Литве)В статье рассматривается группа лексики литовского происхождения связанная с психической сферой жизни человека. Основное внимание обращено на способ функционирования заимствованных лексических единиц в польских говорах и на те семантические сдвиги, которые произошли в смысловой структуре заимствований по сравнению со словами-источниками. В связи с этим определена сфера употребления соответсвующих лексем-прототипов в литовских говорах, пpoанализирован их семантический объем, учтена стилистическая окраска. Основой исследования является диалектная лексика, собранная автором на различных польскоязычных ареалах Литвы. Анализируемая в статье заимствования касаются таких характерных для человека черт, как: болтливость, сварливость, плаксивость, легкомыслие, медлительность, нерасторопность, хитрость и смекалистость.

11

Polish loanwords in English revisited

80%

Dylewski R., Witt Z., Dylewski R., Witt Z.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2021

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vol. 42

12

Leksyka pochodzenia bałtyckiego w mieszanych białorusko-rosyjskich gwarach południowej Pskowszczyzny (rejon Siebieża i Newla)

80%

Jankowiak M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2016

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vol. 40

EN

The Vocabulary of Baltic Origin in Mixed Belarusian-Russian Dialects of the South Pskov Region (the Area of Sebezh and Nevel)The article discusses the issue of the vocabulary of Baltic origin which functions in contemporary mixed Belarusian-Russian dialects. It contains analysis of the vocabulary of dialects functioning in the southern part of Pskov region – in the area of Sebezh and Nevel which once were part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The material basis was the author’s own recordings collected during a dialectological expedition carried out as a part of the TriMCo (Triangulation Approach for Modelling Convergence with a High Zoom-In Factor) project in 2014 as well as volumes of the Pskov regional dictionary (Псковский областной словарь).The southern part of Pskov region has been the place of contact of various languages and dialects (Russian, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Polish, Yiddish). The Baltic vocabulary is connected mainly with the oldest layer of the lexis and concerns the traditional agriculture, farming, nature or features of people’s character and appearance. The material showed that the Belarusian dialect (now a mixture of Belarusian and Russian) helped to preserve words of Baltic origin. The number of words of Baltic origin is scant in those villages where there are Russian-speaking inhabitants and only few Belarusian language features. Interlocutors often highlight that they know a certain word only from their childhood and no-one describes things in that way. Leksyka pochodzenia bałtyckiego w mieszanych białorusko-rosyjskich gwarach południowej Pskowszczyzny (rejon Siebieża i Newla)W przedstawionym artykule została omówiona leksyka bałtyckiego pochodzenia, funkcjonująca we współczesnych gwarach mieszanych białorusko-rosyjskich. Przeanalizowano słownictwo gwar funkcjonujących w południowej części obwodu pskowskiego – w rejonie Siebieża i Newla, które wchodziły niegdyś w skład Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Rzeczypospolitej. Za podstawę materiałową posłużyły nagrania własne autora, zebrane w trakcie ekspedycji dialektologicznej przeprowadzonej w ramach projektu TriMCO (Triangulation Approach for Modelling Convergence with a High Zoom-In Factor) w 2014 r. oraz wydane dotychczas tomy Regionalnego słownika pskowskiego (Псковский областной словарь – ПOC).Południowa część obwodu pskowskiego od setek lat jest obszarem stykania się różnych języków i dialektów (rosyjski, białoruski, litewski, łotewski, polski, jidysz). Słownictwo bałtyckie odnosi się w większości do najstarszej warstwy leksyki i dotyczy m.in. tradycyjnej uprawy roli, gospodarstwa, otaczającej przyrody czy cech charakteru i wyglądu człowieka. Zebrany materiał ukazał, że zachowaniu bałtyzmów sprzyjało funkcjonowanie na badanym obszarze gwary białoruskiej (obecnie mieszanej białorusko-rosyjskiej). Tam, gdzie mowa mieszkańców wsi ma charakter rosyjski, a cech białoruskich zachowało się niewiele, liczba bałtyzmów również jest znikoma, a rozmówcy nierzadko podkreślają, że dane słowo znają tylko z dzieciństwa i nikt już tak nie nazywa konkretnych przedmiotów.

13

Najstarsze słownictwo budowlane w polszczyźnie (zarys problematyki)

80%

Wyrwas K.

Świat i Słowo

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2022

|

vol. 39

|

issue 2

249-267

EN

The oldest construction vocabulary in the Polish language (outline of the issue) The article presents an outline of the research problems of construction vocabulary contained in the Old Polish Dictionary, collecting words until the year 1500. Preliminary analyzes have shown that the oldest layer of vocabulary in this field relates to wooden construction, widespread in Poland from the earliest times. The text presents a proposed classification of the material and discusses several thematic groups: names of buildings, tools, materials, construction activities. Then, the prospects for further research were outlined: the need for a complete thematic classification of the construction vocabulary used in the Old Polish era was indicated, as well as to determine its origin, including words related to building common to all Slavic languages and dialectal names used only in certain Slavic areas, and for both groups to determine which words were taken from the Proto-Slavic or even Proto-Indo-European era, and which and when were borrowed from foreign languages. The next stage of research would include words newly created in Polish from native forms and words borrowed into Polish in the Middle Ages. On the basis of the collected material, it was initially indicated that Old Polish borrowings in construction vocabulary come less frequently from Czech and Latin, and the greatest number from German.

14

Kiswahili Loanwords in the English Language of Kenya within a Theoretical Framework

70%

Budohoska N.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2013

|

issue 22/2

73-86

EN

The sociolinguistic context of prolonged language contact in contemporary Kenya should lead to a certain amount of influence of the languages on one another, e.g. through loanwords. The main aim of the present paper was to examine English in Kenya to show what kind of words are borrowed from African languages and their analysis within the framework of the borrowing theories formulated in Tappolet (1913–16), Haugen (1950), Weinreich (1953), Dardano – Trifone (1995), Hock – Joseph (1996), Krefeld (1999) and McColl-Millar (2007). The data for this study come from the International corpus of English for East Africa (ICE-EA).

15

Kilka uwag o języku i kontekście kulturowym Diariusza podróżnego hetmana Filipa Orlika

70%

Walczak-Mikołajczakowa M., Mikołajczak A. W.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 2

159-172

EN

The article’s subject of interest is the language of the Travel Diary written by the Cossack hetman Pylyp Orlyk from 1720 to 1732 during a trip from Stockholm to Istanbul. The article refers to the so-called “macaronisation”, i.e. the saturation of the text with Latin and/or Italian words and borrowings from other languages, typical of Polish texts of the Baroque period. A large part is devoted to Turkish words because a significant part of Pylyp Orlyk’s journey went through the lands belonging to the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century.

16

Computers are buildings: on conceptual metaphors in the semantic field of computers and the Internet in Polish

70%

Zabawa M., Zabawa M.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2019

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vol. 40

17

Polskie gwarowe nazwy dziko rosnących roślin zielnych na tle nazw słowiańskich i europejskich

70%

Waniakowa J.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2014

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issue 17

109-122

EN

The article claims that many Polish dialectal plant names are not folk in their origin. The only way to ascertain the true origin of a given name is by analysing the history of the dialectal name and the related names in other languages. Such analysis leads to the conclusion that Polish dialectal names have various origins. A part of them constitute truly dialectal names, i.e. such that originate from Polish dialects, another group consists of colloquial non-dialectal native names that have been adopted by given dialects, if they are relatively new or have been inherited. Yet another part comprises relatively new borrowings, and new calques. Yet another group originates from Old Polish forms no longer in use in non-dialectal Polish. The latter do not comprise a homogenous collection. They fall into three subgroups: Polish names originating in the Polish language or inherited from Old Slavic, old loanwords in use in Old Polish and no longer in use today with the exception of Polish dialects, and finally, there is also the often misclassified group of old calques. The recapitulation of this work emphasises the importance of a diachronic and comparative approach to the analysis of dialectal plant names. It highlights the existence of numerous calques, especially old ones, whose presence was previously overlooked due to their native and sometimes even truly dialectal character. Therefore, a superficial, synchronic analysis does not reveal their long and rich history, and the fact that they have their counterparts also in non-Slavic languages and often originate in antiquity.

18

The Origin of Aroint and Other -oint-Words in English

70%

Diensberg B.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2015

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issue 24/2

41-47

EN

Regarding the word form AROI NT, I am going to propose an etymological base for it in the group of French loanwords of the structure OI N + consonant. As far as verbal loans are concerned, the root -oint can either stand for the 3rd pers. sing. pres. ind. or for the past participle of Old French verbs of the type poindre ‘to pierce, prick; to sting, bite’ (AND: poindre), uindre, oindre ‘to anoint; to rub, smear’ (AND1: oindre). Apart from a short Bibliography, the Appendix contains a selection of illustrative material.

19

Influence of Eurojargon on Polish meps’ discourse

70%

Tomaszewska A.

Społeczeństwo. Edukacja. Język

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2015

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vol. 3

197-210

EN

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the language of EU’s institutions (eurojargon) on the discourse of Polish Members of the European Parliament in the media and during public debates or speeches. The theoretical part presents different academic approaches and chosen literature related to the subject and describes linguistic features of eurojargon in the Polish language. The empirical part is devoted to the qualitative analysis of spoken data of Janusz Lewandowski, Marek Migalski and Jacek Kurski. The analysis focuses on finding the reasons for the usage of eurojargon elements, as well as defining dominating categories of foreign elements in their speeches.

20

Ugrofinizmy w języku staropruskim

70%

Witczak K. T.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

|

2021

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vol. 1

237-250

EN

The paper discusses 9 Old Prussian words suspected of being borrowed from a Finno-Ugric source. The following words are verified as Finno-Ugricisms: OPrus. jūrī ‘sea’ (← FV. *järwä ‘lake, sea’); OPrus. kadegis ‘juniper’ (← BF. *kataŋa ‘id.’ ← Ur. *kača ‘resin’); OPrus. kaywe ‘mare’ (← BF. *keewe ‘female horse or reindeer’ < Ur. *kewe ‘female animal’); OPrus. kērdan ‘time’ (← FV. *kerta ‘succession, order, time’); OPrus. *palwe in toponymy (← FU. *palγɜ ‘village’); OPrus. *salavō ‘island’ (← FU. *sala-wɜ ‘island; dry place in the swamp’ < Ur. *sala); OPrus. sylecke ‘Baltic herring’ (← BF. *silakka ‘id.’ ← Ur. śilä ‘fat’); OPrus. wargien ‘copper’ (← FU. *würγɜnɜ ‘id.’).

Refine search results

Początki kształtowania się reprezentacji społecznej zapożyczeń w sferze publicznej

Der, die oder das? Zum Genusproblem bei Kurzwörtern

Z radzieckiej kuchni północnokresowej. Unifikujące oddziaływanie języka rosyjskiego na polską, litewską i białoruską frazematykę kulinarną

Les emprunts à l’anglais touchés par la réforme orthographique et leur variation dans la presse canadienne en ligne

Mentee, czyli mentorowany – o recepcji zapożyczenia w języku polskim

Udział medycznych terminów zapożyczonych w XIX-wiecznych synonimach głównych (na materiale nazw chorób ze Słownika terminologii lekarskiej polskiej)

Ukraińska terminologia informatyczna: stan, problemy, zapożyczenia

(Un)Übersetzbare Anglizismen in deutschen Stellenanzeigen

Новые иноязычные слова в русском языке: функциональный и методологический аспекты

Zapożyczenia litewskie dotyczące charakteru i zachowań człowieka (na materiale gwar polskich na Litwie)

Polish loanwords in English revisited

Leksyka pochodzenia bałtyckiego w mieszanych białorusko-rosyjskich gwarach południowej Pskowszczyzny (rejon Siebieża i Newla)

Najstarsze słownictwo budowlane w polszczyźnie (zarys problematyki)

Kiswahili Loanwords in the English Language of Kenya within a Theoretical Framework

Kilka uwag o języku i kontekście kulturowym Diariusza podróżnego hetmana Filipa Orlika

Computers are buildings: on conceptual metaphors in the semantic field of computers and the Internet in Polish