Przesłanką rozwodu jest trwały i zupełny rozkład pożycia małżeńskiego. Z żądaniem rozwodu może wystąpić każdy z małżonków. O rozwodzie orzeka sąd po przeprowadzeniu procesu. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy różnica wieku między małżonkami ma wpływ na przyczyny rozkładu pożycia małżeńskiego, a jeżeli tak, to jaki jest to wpływ. Zastosowanym w artykule narzędziem badawczym jest test niezależności chi-kwadrat. Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy są następujące: 1) Niedochowanie wierności małżeńskiej jako przyczyna rozkładu pożycia małżeńskiego pojawia się relatywnie częściej, gdy rozwodzący się małżonkowie są w zbliżonym wieku lub ewentualnie żona jest starsza od męża. Natomiast powód ten pojawia się względnie rzadko, gdy mąż jest starszy od żony. 2) Stosunkowo najczęściej problem alkoholowy dotyka małżeństw, w których mąż jest starszy od żony. 3) Z powodu nagannego stosunku do członków rodziny najwięcej rozpada się małżeństw, w których mąż jest znacznie starszy od żony.
EN
Polish legal system gives the possibility to end the marriage by divorce. The necessary condition of divorce is the durable and complete break-up of the marital life. Every spouse can begin the legal procedure to become divorced. The court states divorce after execution process. To affirm that the durable and complete break-up of the marital life occurs, the court studies if the emotional, physical and economical relationship between the spouses exists. If it does not exist, the court investigates how long. The task of the article is to answer the question: do the causes of marriage crisis depend on the age difference between spouses? The results of conducted analysis are following: 1) With infidelity as the main cause of the marriage break-up we can deal with more often, if getting divorced spouses are nearly the same age or the wife is older than her husband. However, the reason appears relatively seldom if the husband is older than his wife. 2) Problems concerning alcohol abuse are more frequent when the husband is older than his wife. 3) Objectionable relation towards family as the major reason of the marriage break-up appears more often when the wife is considerably younger than her husband.
The main aim of this article is to present functioning of Podkarpackie Labour Market Observatory (case study). Podkarpackie Labour Market Observatory has been established within the framework of the project financed by the Human Capital Operational Programme 2007-2013. The project is implemented by the Regional Labour Office in Rzeszów – Unit of Statistical Information and Analysis. In accordance with the project application the main goal of PLMO is to increase the level of knowledge about situation and development trends on the labour market of the Podkarpackie Region among decision makers and employees of bodies concerned with employment and entrepreneurs and employers, and by the wider use of it in the decision making process. Project is focused on the following four regional studies: analysis of development trends in the market oriented services sector, analysis of development trends in the non-market oriented services sector, "The Employers of Podkarpacie" – panel research carried out during the three subsequent years (2011-2013) in the same group of respondents and the analysis of development trends in the construction sector. There are also some analysis carried out basis labour market data collected by poviat labour offices.
The article discusses case study with a focus on the history of the term and its transdisciplinary application, from medicine and sociology, through law, psychiatry, psychology, sexology, and literary studies. The author discusses the differences between case study as a genre (Brigit Lang, Joy Damousi, Alison Lewis, Yiannis Gabriel) and case study as a research strategy (Bent Flyvbjerg, Gerring John, Ryszard Nycz), which has been recently also employed in literary studies. Determining the scope and features of case study is accompanied by an analysis of description as a key tool in formulating “the story of the case.”
PL
Artykuł stanowi opracowanie hasła case study (studium przypadku) ze zwróceniem uwagi na historię terminu i jego transdyscyplinarne zastosowanie: wychodząc od medycyny i socjologii, przez prawo, psychiatrię, psychologię i seksuologię, kończąc na literaturoznawstwie. Autorka stara się zarysować rozróżnienie między studium przypadku jako formą gatunkową (Brigit Lang, Joy Damousi, Alison Lewis, Yiannis Gabriel) a studium przypadku jako strategią badawczą (Bent Flyvbjerg, Gerring John, Ryszard Nycz) – stosowaną od niedawna także w literaturoznawstwie. Wyznaczaniu zakresu oraz cech case study towarzyszy analiza opisu jako kluczowego narzędzia wspierającego przebieg „opowieści o przypadku”.
The story of the exiles of the Zhukovsky family is presented in the paper. Analyses were based on interviews with Dagmara, the daughter, two documentaries: On memory paths and Crust of Bread, and a manuscript written on the basis of Danuta and Bogusław recollections by Dagmara. Hypotheses of the paper were the following: a story of a family is the history of a nation. There is a parallel between historical events and an individual’s fate. The ancestors, need to tell one’s story and the descendants’ need to hear it are reciprocal ones and can be interpreted as a cultural mechanism of incorporation new texts into a culture memory. On an individual level it gives rise to the feeling of dignity and power. Marianne Hirsch’s theory of post‑memory and Yury Lotman’s concept of ‘remembering – forgetting’ mechanism were utilized to present and interpret memories of Boguslav and Danuta Zhukovsky and their descendant – Dagmara. The reasons for reaching into the past and coming back to Syberia were also analysed.
The article has a theoretical and empirical character. It analyses ways in which the case study method is used for tertiary education in the field of economics. The problem is verified on the basis of literature and the results of a questionnaire survey addressed to students of economics and related fields of study.
For a literary scholar specialising in texts targeted at children it is tempting to explore the authentic, original childish cognition of the text, together with the feelings and reflections that accompany the child while reading. At the same time, the scholar knows that the access to these sphere is, inevitably, only partial, even scant compared to the scholar’s curiosity. This article is an attempt to describe a specific “case study” for the analysed source of cognition are the memories of the author herself, concerning her childish readings, her judgements and emotions that the characters she read about evoked in her. The motif for such an idea is a strong conviction that the information included in her vivid memories and experiences provide an interesting, sometimes even surprising, field for analysis,. Nevertheless, the author is aware that the memories we possess are never available in the “clear form”. However, the process of transformation of the memories is not treated as an obstacle; quite the contrary, it offers a possibility to add an additional perspective, since the adult personality of a former child – a bookworm – is interlinked with the profession of a literary scholar.
The information flow, from which managers can make decent decisions, requires the use of e-economy tools and enterprise support planning systems. Simulations as a tool of e-economy become increasingly popular in business practice nowadays. In this paper, the authors focus on presenting how the simulations were used to verify the developed model of evaluating production efficiency. Using a case study method, they describe the verification process, which depicts the specificity of the production process, on the example of serial production, which is the most representative in business practice. The main aim of the article is to present the informatization method of the evaluation model and the simulation as a tool supporting the decision-making process at the operational level.
The purpose of this paper is to describe so-called “marked” intonation. What this means is that the intonation contour is indicated by a sharply rising pitch. This is a case study that focuses on the forms and functions of that type of rising intonation patterns which occur not in questions (interrogative mood) but in statements (indicative mood). The linguistic data consists of audio recording and transcriptions taken from the GeWiss, a comparative corpus of spoken academic language. The analysis shows that intonation contours are not subordinate to grammar and that they do not depend on modality.
The article contains a description of the case study of an eleven-year-old boy with the central auditory processing disorders. The case study method is analytical. In the etiology of central auditory processing disorders, the most frequently spoken of auditory perception disorders include impairments of the receptive (hearing) function and disorders of sound discrimination. As therapeutic observations confirm, it is therefore interesting to examine auditory attention (selection and intensification of sound stimuli proccesing) and assessment of the ability to discriminate acoustic speech sound.
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the Human Development Index (HDI) as an indicator of economic development. The analysis is based on case studies of five post‑socialist countries: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland. To carry out the assessment of the HDI, two approaches are employed. The first involves comparing the HDI values to seventeen other indicators related to different aspects of development chosen with reference to Amartya K. Sen’s approach. The second approach refers to public opinion surveys provided by the Eurobarometer and the European Quality of Life Survey programs. In the light of the analysis, it can be said that the HDI is a fairly good measure of economic development. However, certain important dimensions which have a significant impact on people’s living conditions are neglected. Knowing about Sen’s influence on the creation of the HDI and the emphasis he put on the relationship between democracy and development, it may be surprising that such neglected dimensions include the state of democracy.
Training with the use of problem-based learning has become increasingly popular at all levels of education, including business education. An example of this type of learning is case study method. This method allows developing skills and competencies used by managers in their work, for example ability to synthesize, identify problems, and make decisions. Despite many advantages of the case study method and its widespread use in the training of executives and managers, it is used to illustrate the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) relatively rarely. Many business case studies are based on the problems faced by large companies, and not those from the SME sector, which greatly reduces the possibility of using this method of training for managers and owners of SMEs. This paper helps to solve this problem by presenting a model used to create business case studies devoted to the needs of SMEs. Case studies created on the base of this model can be used to train managers, supervisors, owners of such companies and prospective candidates. The model can also be developed and modified, which increases its potential application in other training areas. The model was developed and tested within the INNOCASE project (project website: www.innocase.zie.pg.gda.pl).
This article elaborates an existence of a positive effect of the use of mobile technologies by managers, according to their competences, on the efficiency of explicit knowledge transfer in a manufacturing company. It focuses on the set of the competences of managers, who use the mobile technologies in manufacturing companies and is based on a survey and data obtained from 119 Polish manufacturing enterprises. This article develops a framework of how managers can determinate the knowledge transfer in a manufacturing company and further discusses the research results.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article attempts to explain the benefits that may result from the use of case studies developed by students as a teaching method applied in entrepreneurial pedagogy. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research problem concerns the effectiveness of using case studies created by students as a teaching method in entrepreneurial pedagogy. The article provides an overview of selected literature and presents the authors’ experience in applying student-developed case studies. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In the first part of the article, the most important entrepreneurial skills and competences are discussed. Subsequently, the importance of using activating methods is presented, with particular emphasis on the case study. In the second part, the use of the case study developed by students was analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are presented. RESEARCH RESULTS: The literature analysis indicates the importance of methods that foster students’ active involvement, including case studies, in entrepreneurial pedagogy. The analysis of case studies developed by students showed their strong commitment to the assignment. Students had to gain knowledge of the operation of enterprises and the processes that take place in them.In addition, the task required students to be familiar with methods and tools that support creative thinking and problem-solving skills. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the analysis of literature and student-developed case studies, it seems that the discussed method is an effective teaching method that increases students’ commitment to the assignment and supports the development of entrepreneurial attitudes and skills. Furthermore, this method provides a range of benefits that give the teacher great freedom in choosing the issues and scope of case studies created by students.
EN
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article attempts to explain the benefits that may result from the use of case studies developed by students as a teaching method applied in entrepreneurial pedagogy. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research problem concerns the effectiveness of using case studies created by students as a teaching method in entrepreneurial pedagogy. The article provides an overview of selected literature and presents the authors’ experience in applying student-developed case studies. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In the first part of the article, the most important entrepreneurial skills and competences are discussed. Subsequently, the importance of using activating methods is presented, with particular emphasis on the case study. In the second part, the use of the case study developed by students was analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are presented. RESEARCH RESULTS: The literature analysis indicates the importance of methods that foster students’ active involvement, including case studies, in entrepreneurial pedagogy. The analysis of case studies developed by students showed their strong commitment to the assignment. Students had to gain knowledge of the operation of enterprises and the processes that take place in them. In addition, the task required students to be familiar with methods and tools that support creative thinking and problem-solving skills. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the analysis of literature and student-developed case studies, it seems that the discussed method is an effective teaching method that increases students’ commitment to the assignment and supports the development of entrepreneurial attitudes and skills. Furthermore, this method provides a range of benefits that give the teacher great freedom in choosing the issues and scope of case studies created by students. The results of the analysis permit concluding that student-developed case studies can be commonly used and allow developing a wide range of students entrepreneurial skills.
The paper presents a case study of one of the picking zones of real Polish logistics centre of automotive parts and accessories. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of different order-picking methods. The work organization in the warehouse was briefly presented. Then different routing methods in the one block rectangular warehouse were described (heuristics and optimal algorithm). The paper compares different variants of order-picking process and presents their ranking. The graphs of cumulative distribution functions of order-picking time may help the survey. The analysis was based on real data. Calculations were performed using a simulation with the use of Warehouse Real-Time Simulator.
Mobile technologies have increasingly become more and more widespread not only for making our daily lives easier and simpler, but also for their enormous potential in educational development. This case study examines university students’ satisfaction with and perceptions towards the use of blended learning and flipped classroom models in foreign language learning (FLL) contexts. The methodology used in this study involves the descriptive and quantitative analysis of responses generated from students studying English as a foreign language at the Faculty of Foreign Languages at the University of Jordan. The analysis of these responses gave the author of this study an idea about what factors a teacher should take into account when introducing blended learning and flipped classroom models into a classroom.
The article discusses the issue of using relaxation in work with an aphasic patient. The first part of the article presents basic information about the types and forms of relaxation. The second part presents the case study of a patient with aphasia who has refused to work with a speech therapist. This study shows that we can help such patients improve the quality of their communication (even if they are not willing to undertake speech therapy) and, as a result, change their lives (a little).
This case study shows the consequences of a late diagnosis and treatment of a child suffering from a chronic, recurrent inflammation of the middle ear, resulting in conductive, fluctuating, mild hearing loss. The article presents the child’s communication and psychological problems stemming from hearing difficulties. This study uses three diagnostic tools in order to comprehensively assess the individual developmental spheres of the boy. The final part of the article contains conclusions and postulates regarding the importance of early therapeutic care.
The article describes the experiences of foster parents related to feelings of excessive control and criticism and prejudice in connection with their function. The article is based on research for the author’s bachelor’s thesis from statements obtained from interviews. The purpose of the article is to point out the existence of negative attitudes toward foster families in the opinion of the people surveyed and to show what foster parents may be struggling with.
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