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Society Register
|
2020
|
vol. 4
|
issue 3
161-168
EN
In post-pandemic time a redefinition of politics and globalization is more than possible. There are a lot of possible scenarios – one of them is the cooperative model as an antidote to the polarized politics and corporative driven globalization. The aim of this short discussion paper is to present the proposal of the shift from corporationisim to cooperationism as a functional model in addressing challenges locally and globally.
EN
Today, corporations play an important role in the global, national and local economy. Regardless of the business profile, degree of internationalisation or size, they participate in numerous economic processes, which is why they are the subject of research in geography of industry, especially in geography of enterprises. The main goal of the article is to review research related to corporations in Polish literature on the subject in the field of geography of industry. The author also aims at organising the concept of corporations, presenting closer their classifications, as well as indicating the place of research on corporations in geography. The preparation of the article began with a literature query, as well as an analysis of the existing data (desk research). As a result, the analysis of the concept of a corporation, various types of classifications and divisions of corporations, as well as a literature review of the subject in terms of the corporation’s research issues were made. As the research carried out indicates, in Polish literature on the issues of geography of industry, the researchers who concentrate on corporations look at the concentration of their head offices, theory and location factors, shaping processes and location of production, service and various branches, network connections, strategies implemented by corporations and their organisational forms, processes of corporation influence on international conditions for the development of domestic and regional systems and industrial enterprises, stimulation of inflow of foreign direct investment, the influence of corporations on the shaping of various industrial sectors, export relations, the role of cities in globalisation processes and the location of the corporation and their effects, as well as on corporate CSR activities.
EN
The instability of the real structure of a firm is one of the fundamental problems in simulating microeconomic systems. This paper proposes a method, called ACV (abstraction – gradual concretization – verification) for constructing a flexible simulation model of a corporation. This method is based on the assumption that an effective approach to simulating a microeconomic system should take into account the structural instability of the modelled object. Practical implementation of the ACV method is illustrated using the EK_AN simulator of a firm. The purpose of the simulator as a scientific tool of operations research is to analyse the relations of given inputs (decisions) with the short- and mediumterm forecasts of a firm’s economic performance.
EN
This article aims to present the changes in the image of the McDonald’s mascot – Ronald. These changes are mainly set in the context of social movements for healthy food and issues of advertisement ethics – especially advertisement addressed to children. In the face of intensifying voices of discontent, the corporation is trying to re-create Ronald as the Spokesman, who responds to the challenges posed by the consumer requests. Despite these efforts he remains controversial and ambiguous, which is reflected in the subversive practices of using the clown character as a tool of artistic and political provocation
EN
The goal of the paper is to present the various distinguishing features of corporate jargon, together with their probable causes. The sources of the material are internet websites devoted to the informal variety of language adopted by Polish divisions of international corporations. It has been established that the most distinct features of the analysed sociolect are overuse of borrowings from English and of Polish-English hybrids, and playful Polonisation of foreign expressions.
EN
Development and geographical expansion of multinational corporations makes it more complex and more often we are dealing with cultural diversity within teams of employees. Mutual cooperation of foreigners and local staff raises many intercultural interactions, both negative and positive. The purpose of this article is to identify the benefits and weaknesses arising from intercultural interactions between foreigners and local staff in the German subsidiary operating in Poland. The research procedure was a case study and a method was 12 structured interviews with Polish managers. Research problems concerned the general perception of Polish managers in relation to cooperation with foreigners. The respondents indicated the benefits and problems of this cooperation, as well as practical guidance (advice) to improve these interactions. This case study enriched the empirical achievements in the area of the new trend in management sciences, which is the positive organizational scholarship (POS).
EN
The paper explores the assertion about multi-faceted tools of impact used by large corporations that aim to limit the subjectivity of consumers. It is based on the concept of “deep capture” (Hanson & Yosifon, 2003). Deep capture suggests that the consumers have only the idea of their own subjectivity, and that human behaviour is largely dependent on external situational factors rather than the individuals’ dispositions. In this context, the present authors analyse the role of large corporations in shaping the image of LGBT people in Poland. Noteworthy is the consideration to build and strengthen the belief that LGBT people are a group which suffers discrimination, to which anyone should make gestures of support throughout consumer decisions. An overview of the actions of business entities for LGBT groups in Poland allows us state that these actions cannot be called large-scale. The actions of Polish companies can be recognised as not very intense or committed. Western transnational corporations have vast experience in actions for LGBT people, but this is not necessarily the case in Poland.
Human Affairs
|
2015
|
vol. 25
|
issue 1
3-15
EN
The expansion process of a Western multinational corporation in India is investigated using ethnographic tools. In particular the paper deals with the processes of knowledge appropriation enacted by the Indian workforce employed at the Research & Development Center in Bangalore. Young Indian professionals in the early stages of their scientific or corporate careers seem to take advantage of the investments that the corporation makes in the competitive Indian industrial district, by frequently changing job and finding new positions. The underlying strategy is that of subtracting competences and applied knowledge from the corporation in order to appropriate them and then reinvest them locally and more profitably. Working for a multinational corporation is investigated in its material and metaphorical dimensions, demonstrating the methodological shift required to analyze a very large productive organization through the eyes of its employees. One consequence of scaling down in the ethnographic analysis is that the family is introduced as an economic actor contributing to shaping decisions and public policies.
EN
The paper is an attempt to verify the assumptions of the motivation-hygiene theory by Frederick Herzberg in the context of the values and practices of leading managers of the U.S. economy. The two-factor theory is a part of every synthesis of management science, although its assumptions raise serious controversies. The subject matter of the analysis is the biographies of the most prominent managers, such as Henry Ford, Lee Iacocca, Walter P. Chrysler and Jordan Belfort (known as the ‘Wolf of Wall Street’). The basic aim of the analysis is to check their biographical story in the context of their motivation issues. The selection of characters has been imposed by the feature of being self-made men. It seems that their descriptions of how to motivate employees may be interpreted as a specific manifestation of values important to them in the perception of economic life and the interpersonal relations in structures of corporations functioning in different market circumstances. The choice of source materials from different historical moments and different economic spheres shows a conversion of values and goals in the American economy. One of the results of the analysis is the observation that Herzberg’s theory does not reflect the multiplicity of factors that may have a significant impact on the motivation of employees to perform their duties as well as possible. One of the aims of the discussion is to indicate the unusual source material, considered by many researchers as anecdotal, as potentially attractive for analyses in the field of the management sciences.
PL
Wielkie korporacje są ważnym tematem w analizach funkcji kontroli i zarządzania w światowych systemach miast. Jest to jedna z ważnych koncepcji pozwalających zrozumieć rolę miast w procesie globalizacji. Szczególną rolę w procesie kontroli i zarządzania miasta odgrywa lokalizacja siedzib zarządów największych firm. W badaniu opisanym w artykule autorzy analizują zmiany pozycji ekonomicznej dużych miast w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, w których mają siedzibę wielkie korporacje. Starano się określić dynamikę zmian pozycji miasta w przypadku głębokiego kryzysu dominującego sektora w danym ośrodku. Do tego celu utworzono wskaźnik Centrum Ekonomicznego Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (CEEŚW), który pokazuje potencjał każdego analizowanego miasta oraz jego kompleksowy rozwój lub silną specjalizację. Największą stabilność wielkich korporacji zauważono w Warszawie, Pradze i Budapeszcie. Wpływ na ich lokalizację ma odległość od bardziej rozwiniętych krajów Unii Europejskiej, jak również kwestie historyczno- ekonomiczne związane z wpływem Rosji na ten region oraz konflikty zbrojne, które miały miejsce w krajach byłej Jugosławii.
EN
Large corporations form an important part of the analyses of the control and management functions in the global city systems. It is one of the most important conceptions which allow us to understand the roles of the city in the process of globalization. A particular role in the process of control and management of the city is played by the large corporation’s headquarters localization. In the study presented in the article, the authors analyze the changes of the economic position of cities in central and Eastern Europe having at least one headquarter of large international corporation. The authors try to specify the dynamics of the cities’ position in case of a deep crisis of the dominating sector in each city. In order to achieve this aim, the indicator CEEŚW was constructed, showing the potential of the city, its complex development or its specialization. The largest stability of large corporations is noticed in Warsaw, Prague and Budapest. Their localization is influenced i.a. by the geographical distance to the most developed countries of EU and historical factors including political and economic impact of Russia on the Central and Eastern European region and military conflicts in former Yugoslavia.
RU
При анализе функций контроля и управления в мировых системах городов важной темой являются крупные корпорации. Это одна из важных концепций, позволяющих понять роль городов в процессе глобализации. Особую роль в процессе контроля и управления городом играет местонахождение штаб квартир крупнейших фирм. В своем исследовании авторы анализируют изменения экономической позиции больших городов Центральной и Восточной Европы, в которых имеются штаб квартиры больших корпораций. Авторы предприняли попытку определить динамику изменений позиции города в случае глубокого кризиса доминирующего сектора в данном городе. С этой целью был придуман «показатель Экономического центра Центральной и Восточной Европы», который характеризует потенциал каждого анализируемого города, его комплексное развитие или сильную специализацию. Самая большая стабильность больших корпораций отмечается в Варшаве, Праге и Будапеште. На размещение управленческих центров корпораций влияет несколько факторов: расстояние от более развитых стран Евросоюза, историко‑экономические вопросы, связанные с влиянием России на этот регион, а также вооруженные конфликты, которые происходили в странах бывшей Югославии.
EN
The communication is, no doubt, the main tool in managing corporation. In this context, there is corporation – the employee should be in contact (via e-mail, mobile phone), and employee – human need for balance (work, rest, sleep). This leads to the conflict, both parties looses – companies: competence in personnel, employees: pronouncing the contract. This is, obviously, simplified point of view. Since it is inconvenient it should be changed. Is it possible to change continuous communication stand-by? Will it influence reaching the higher level of organizational development? Here is the opinion to share.
PL
Zaangażowanie firm oraz instytucji w działalność charytatywną jest w Polsce powszechne, nowością jest tworzenie programów wolontariatu pracowniczego. Programy wolontariatu pracowniczego wspierają budowanie więzi z pracownikami oraz między pracownikami. Możliwość zaangażowania się w działania wolontaryjne jest formą zaspokajanie potrzeb pracownika i podnoszenie poziomu jego zaangażowania, której efektem może być wzrost indywidualnej efektywności. Badania dotyczyły rozumienia i postrzegania wolontariatu pracowniczego oraz czynników wpływających na udział w tego typu inicjatywach. Celem badań było sformułowanie warunków do konstrukcji i wdrożenia efektywnego programu wolontaryjnego. Zastosowano metody jakościowe (obserwacja uczestnicząca, wywiady nieustrukturalizowane) oraz ilościowe (ankieta). Badanie miało charakter pełny, otrzymano 92 ankiety, poziom zwrotu wynosił 65%.
EN
The involvement of companies and institutions in charity in Poland is common. What is new is the creation of employee volunteer programs. Employee volunteer programs support the building of ties with employees and among employees. Possibilities of engaging in volunteer activities are a way of satisfying employee needs while raising the level of engagement that may result in an increase in personal efficiency. Conducted research looked at the understanding and perception of employee volunteering as well as factors influencing participation in such initiatives. The goal of the research was to formulate conditions for the design and implementation of an effective volunteer program. Qualitative (participant observation and unstructured interviews) and quantitative (questionnaire) methods were used. The study addressed all employees. Ninety–two questionnaires were received, which gives a rate of return of 65%.
EN
The paper explores the assertion about multi-faceted tools of impact used by large corporations that they aim to limit the subjectivity of consumers. It is based on the concept of ‘deep capture’ developed by Jon Hanson and David Yosifon. According to this concept consumers have only the idea of their own subjectivity. The authors’ basic assumption is that human behaviour is largely (but not completely) dependent on external situational factors rather than the individual dispositions of individuals. In this context we analyse the role of large corporations in shaping the image of LGBT people in Poland. Noteworthy seems to be the consideration to build and strengthen the belief that LGBT people are a group which suffers discrimination, to which anyone should make gestures of support throughout consumer decisions. An overview of the activities of business entities for LGBT groups in Poland lets us say that they cannot be called large scale actions. The actions of Polish companies can be recognised as not very intensive. Western transnational corporations have huge experience in actions for LGBT people, but this is not necessarily the case in Poland.
15
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University. A few reminders

75%
EN
The essay critically approaches the current state and directions of changes in the university education. We see the critical point in the unconditioned endorsement by the university of the market values of intense competitiveness of global economy and the cult of the pro-market education which is its inevitable result. We would like to argue that although the university must respect economic conditions and limitations, nevertheless we fear that the ongoing process of corporatization of the university with its management strategies such as cutting costs, scanning environments for competitive purposes, re-engineering highly competitive efficiency criteria for the staff will bring about a neglect of the humanist values rooted in intellectual and social sensibility and hence undermine the social mission of the university which, apart from professional skills and research, must cultivate intellectual pluralism by providing space for intelligent conversation, sharing critical views of the present state of things thus fostering social criticism and the spirit of responsible dissent.
PL
We współczesnych, coraz bardziej złożonych warunkach otoczenia, przedsiębiorczość postrzegana jest jako wartość sama w sobie. Umożliwia funkcjonowanie i rozwój. Jest podstawą innowacyjności, konkurencyjności, efektywności działania. Powinna zatem charakteryzować zarówno jednostki (przedsiębiorczość indywidualna), jak i różnego rodzaju przedsiębiorstwa (przedsiębiorczość korporacyjna, wewnętrzna, intraprzedsiebiorczość). Szczególnie pożądana jest w dużych korporacjach, w których pobudzenie „przedsiębiorczego ducha” („wskrzeszenie” swego rodzaju DNA przedsiębiorczości (Arshi, 2012)) z powodu między innymi formalizacji, biurokracji, braku (lub ograniczonej) wolności działania, jest bardzo trudne (czasami wręcz niemożliwe). W opracowaniu zwrócono szczególną uwagę na wymiary rozwoju przedsiębiorczości korporacyjnej. Omówiono różnego rodzaju przedsiębiorcze inicjatywy, podejmowane w obrębie struktur dużych, rozbudowanych przedsiębiorstw. Dokonano tego, wykorzystując kategorię przedsiębiorczej orientacji (zbliżonej do przedsiębiorczości, choć nie tożsamej), w której zwraca się uwagę na to, jak przedsiębiorstwo funkcjonuje, jakie działania podejmuje, by mogło zostać ocenione jako przedsiębiorcze.
EN
In contemporary, more and more complicating conditions of the environment, entrepreneurship is perceived as a value per se. It enables functioning and development. It is the basis for innovativeness, competitiveness and efficiency. Therefore, entrepreneurship should characterize individuals (individual entrepreneurship), as well as various kinds of enterprises (corporate, internal and intra- entrepreneurship). It is particularly desired in large corporations in which the resurrection of “entrepreneurial spirit” (implantation of specific entrepreneurial DNA (Arshi, 2012)), among others, owing to formalization, bureaucracy and lack of freedom is very difficult (sometimes even impossible). In this paper particular attention is paid to the dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship development. There are discussed various types of entrepreneurial activities undertaken within large, complex enterprises. For this purpose, the category of entrepreneurial orientation (similar to entrepreneurship, however not identical) is used. It draws attention to how enterprises function, what actions they take to be considered entrepreneurial.
EN
The article grounds necessity of applying the system approach at the management of investment projects of industrial enterprises. Development process of investment management of the enterprise is solved.
PL
Artykuł wskazuje na konieczność zastosowania podejścia systemowego w zarządzaniu projektami inwestycyjnymi przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych i rozwiązuje problem rozwoju zarządzania projektami inwestycyjnymi w przedsiębiorstwie.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie wstępnej analizy instytucji umowy o mediacje w kontekście prawa kolizyjnego. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono zagranicznej spółce kapitałowej będącej stroną umowy o mediacje z podmiotami prawa polskiego. Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę prawną umowy o mediację, która jest uregulowana w art. 183[1] kodeksu postępowania cywilnego. Przedstawiono w nim specyfikę spółki kapitałowej jako strony zawierającej umowę o mediację. Analiza uwzględnia regulacje prawa polskiego, w tym ustawę z 4 lutego 2011 r. – Prawo międzynarodowe prywatne oraz regulacje konwencji międzynarodowych i prawa Unii Europejskiej.
EN
The aim of this article is to carry out a preliminary analysis of the institution of the agreement for mediation in the context of conflict of laws. Particular attention was devoted to a foreign corporation, as a party to agreement for mediation with Polish legal entities. The article contains legal characterization of the agreement for mediation, which is governed by the Article 183[1] of Code of Civil Procedure. It presents the nature of corporation as contracting party for mediation. The analysis covers regulations of the Polish law, including the Act on Private international law of 4 February 2011, as well as international conventions and regulations of European Union law.
PL
Organizacje gospodarcze, niezależnie do stawianych im celów biznesowych, służą także rozwojowi więzi społecznych. Relacje pomiędzy pracownikami, przełożonymi i podwładnymi, a także załogą i kierownictwem firmy są efektem mniej lub bardziej otwarcie głoszonych i przestrzeganych reguł postępowania, są także kształtowane przez wzajemne oczekiwania. Poziom zaspokojenia oczekiwań odzwierciedlany jest poprzez dopasowanie człowiek–organizacja. Artykuł charakteryzuje dwa wybrane typy organizacji gospodarczych, określanych jako „korporacje” oraz „wspólnoty”. Celem jest pokazanie różnic pomiędzy oboma rodzajami firm z punktu widzenia pracownika oraz wskazanie na rodzaje potencjalnego niedopasowania. Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny, zastosowano dwie metody badawcze o charakterze jakościowym: wywiady pogłębione oraz eksplorację danych.
EN
Economic organizations, regardless of their business objectives, serve also the development of social bonds. Relations between employees, supervisors and subordinates, as well as the crew and the company’s management are the result of more or less openly proclaimed and respected rules. They are also formed by mutual expectations. The level of satisfaction of expectations is described by a person–organization fit. The article characterizes two types of business organizations, referred to as "corporations" and "communities". Its aim is to show the differences between both types of companies from employees’ point of view and to indicate the types of potential mismatch. The paper is empirical, based on two methods of qualitative research: in-depth interviews and data mining.
20
63%
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ukazuje, w jaki sposób funkcjonują wielkie korporacje, które dla osiągnięcia zysku zrobią wszystko, nawet złamią prawo. Pokazano, że jedynym celem dla wielkich koncernów jest generowanie zysków bez względu na szkody przez nie wywołane, które ponoszą wszyscy ludzie, całe społeczeństwa i dewastowana Ziemia. Autor dochodzi do smutnych wniosków, że skutkiem globalizacji jest instrumentalizacja człowieka w zamian za maksymalizację zysków wielkich firm.
XX
This article shows how large corporations operate; for profit, they will do anything – even break the law. It is shown that the only purpose for big corporations is to generate profits regardless of the damage caused to the people, the whole society and the devastated land. The author comes to the sad conclusion that globalization stands for instrumentalization of the man in exchange for maximizing profits of large companies.
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