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EN
The article raises the question of adoption in the analysis of rural areas and communities of its inhabitants, research perspective of social economy as a paradigm allowing for exploration of issues from the economy, and often studies of neoclassical economics and sociology. The first part of the text is characterized by research linking economic and sociological studies and assumptions of socio-economic research, research pointing to the benefits arising from them, while the second refers to a specific area of own research, which using the accepted paradigm, allow the enrichment of socio-economic analysis of rural areas.
EN
The raised issue relates to the importance of economic culture in the socio-economic development. Indicates that it is a crucial element of human behavior decisive how to participate in the economic life, which gives reason for the need to support development of economic culture through broadly understood education system. Draws attention to the relevance of including it in the development strategies and refers to the matter of economic education in building a pro-development economic culture.
3
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Zagadnienia kulturowe w ekonomii

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EN
The paper examines the role of cultural factors in economic analyses. It aims to identify and examine areas in which economic analysis takes into account cultural factors that play a role in business. The first part of the paper lists arguments on why economic research should be more sensitive to cultural factors. This primarily results from the fact that economics, like all other areas of human endeavor, is part of global culture, Kostra writes. The second part of the article describes the aspects of culture that are closely related to socioeconomic life. It discusses the idea of economic culture, or value systems linked with business, knowledge and models of behavior. The author also reviews research achievements in this area. The analysis takes into account the results of studies carried out by researchers such as Geert Hofstede, Richard Gesteland, Lawrence Harrison, and Mariano Grondona. Another related notion that is examined in this part of the paper is organizational culture. The third part of the paper deals with the achievements of institutional economics and shows links and relationships between cultural and social institutions. The author sets out to determine if the role of cultural factors in economic processes will decrease as globalization gains momentum. He concludes that despite the convergence of economic systems around the world, based on the emergence of a universal system of values, beliefs and attitudes, cultural differences continue to exist. This largely explains why some countries still hold an advantage over others, Kostro notes.
EN
In the article the problem of upbringingthrift (economy) of preschool children intheprocessof economic education in the conditions of preschool educational establishment is considered. The paper highlights the importance of economic education of preschool children in the modern society. The author emphasizes, that seniorpreschool age is the most favorable for upbringing thrift (economy).Theanalysisofgeneralandspecialpedagogical, psychological, methodological literature is carried out through the question of upbringing thriftofchildrenofseniorpreschool age.Сonsiderable attention is paid to the analysis of state educational programs. The article introduces the results of pedagogical experiment concerning children’s understanding the thrift concept. This analysis shows necessity of upbringing thrift (economy) in the children of the elder pre-school age.During the experiment children had to answer the following questions: What is thrift? Do you need to be economical?Why do you need to take care of toys? What are natural resources? How and why should they be protected? What are utilities? Why do you need to save water, light and warm? Why should you save time? Based on the responses of children the author draws a conclusion that theirunderstanding of the thrift concept is not well-established. The paper considers the problem of upbringing thriftof preschool children in the process of economic education according to Aflatot International programme, the Netherlands (programme that is based on holistic teaching methods that embrace both social and financial elements,teach children about saving, budgeting, planning and how they can achieve their goals) in the conditions of preschool education institutions and at home.One of five program modules is called “Savings and Expenses” and is devoted to the education of thrift skills. Taking into account the results of the first stage of the study, further work will be aimed at ensuring the professionalism of teachers in the formation of thrift skills among preschool children through the involvement into Aflatot International programme.
EN
The article Development of Economic Culture in terms of regional differentiation of rural areas relates to the issue of individualisation of development policies in the area of creating economic culture. Pointing to the nature and significance of economic culture as a factor of economic development, the author advocates a focus on some of the support instruments in order to influence its shape, taking into account Polish regional differences. The article uses the achievements of economic and sociological research based on the methodology of desk research and the use of its own research achievements.
PL
Artykuł odnosi się do kwestii zindywidualizowania polityki rozwoju regionalnego w zakresie kreowania kultury ekonomicznej. Wskazując na istotę i znaczenie kultury ekonomicznej jako czynnika rozwoju gospodarczego, autorka opowiada się za położeniem nacisku na niektóre instrumenty wsparcia w celu oddziaływania na jej kształt, z uwzględnieniem zróżnicowania regionalnego Polski. Artykuł wykorzystuje dorobek badań socjologicznych i ekonomicznych w oparciu o metodologię desk research oraz badania własne.
EN
The article is devoted to systematizationon of the basic principles of time management for preschool children. The paper presents the meaning of economic education of preschool children in the modern society. The author analizes general and special pedagogical, psychological, methodological literature on the topic of preschoollers’ economic socialization. The concepts of financial culture, economic attitudes are examined. It has shed some light on the ways of the formation of children’s financial culture. The article introduces the results of pedagogical experiment for teachers’ understanding the time management concept. The results of the data analysis obtained during the surveys and testing of teachers are presented. The comparative analysis of the level of knowledge of teachers of the city and the countryside was carried out. The paper considers the problem of economic culture formation of preschool children by means of time management in the process of economic education according to Aflatot International programme, the Netherlands (programme that is based on holistic teaching methods that embrace both social and financial elements, teach children about saving, budgeting, planning and how they can achieve their goals) in the conditions of preschool education institutions and at home. The main principles of time management for children of preschool age have been systematized: game, personal example, planning, determination of priorities, sequences of action, сolor code for each activity and subject, place for everything, wish-list, reward, patience. The author has concluded that it is absolutely necessary to teach children time management basics as early as possible; understanding time helps kids to use their time well. It is also concluded that Aflatot International programme, namely time management helps parentsand teachers to get children interested in living in the country of market relations, being masters of their country; it teaches a child to be successful, to set goals and achieve them. Further research can be directed at analysis of the level of teachers’ readiness to share their knowledge of time management basics with preschoollers.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie kultury ekonomicznej Niemiec oraz ob­szarów dotychczasowej współpracy polsko-niemieckiej w Euroregionie Nysa. Do analizy wykorzystano studia dotyczące literatury przedmioto­wej oraz dokumenty związane z powstaniem i funkcjonowaniem Euroregionu Nysa. Przed­stawiono również wyniki badania ankietowego, przeprowadzonego przez autorkę w małych i śred­nich przedsiębiorstwach w polskiej i niemieckiej części Euroregionu Nysa, którego celem było ze­branie opinii na temat stosun­ków polsko-niemieckich, znajomości Euroregionu Nysa, a także form współpracy polsko-niemieckiej.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the economic culture of Germany and the areas of the existing Polish-German cooperation in the Euroregion Neisse. For analysis, the study of the literature of the subject and the documents related to the creation and functioning of the Euroregion Neisse were used. There were also presented the results of a survey conducted by the author in small and medium-sized enterprises in the Polish and German parts of the Euroregion Neisse, whose aim was to gather opinions on the Polish-German relations, knowledge of the Euroregion Neisse, as well as the forms of Polish-German cooperation.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie nowatorskiego modelu analizy regionalnego zróżnicowania kultur innowacyjności. Dorobek badawczy socjologii w tym zakresie pozwala na identyfikację trzech nurtów analizy: materialistycznego, ideowego i społecznego. Umożliwia również wyciągnięcie wniosków na temat redukcjonizmów poznawczych wynikających z przyjęcia tylko jednej wybranej perspektywy. Temu też ma się przeciwstawiać proponowany model. Ma on być konceptualną konstrukcją umożliwiającą wielowymiarową diagnozę regionalnej dywersyfikacji kultury innowacyjności. Jednocześnie eksponuje on fakt, że do określenia potencjału innowacyjności służy odpowiednia jednostka analizy (region) i związana z nią kategoria analityczna (kultura). Powiązanie ze sobą tych pojęć konstruuje model, który pozwala określić poziom innowacyjności we współczesnym świecie i jego terytorialne zróżnicowanie. Zgodnie z nim zbadanie innowacyjności polega nie tylko na dotarciu do treści poszczególnych warstw kultury, ale również obejmuje analizę relacji pomiędzy poszczególnymi warstwami nowatorstwa i regionu. Każda ze wskazanych warstw może być diagnozowana w sposób ilościowy i jakościowy. Model ten zbudowany zostanie w trzech etapach. W pierwszym skonstruowana zostanie wielowymiarowa (uwzględniająca aspekt materialny, ideowy i społeczny) jednostka analizy – region. W drugim do jednostki tej dopasowana zostanie prywatna kategoria diagnozy – kultura. Etap trzeci przyniesie finalną konstrukcję modelu.
EN
The aim of the article is to present a novel model for the analysis of regional differentiation of innovation cultures. The research output of sociology in this area allows us to identify three strands of analysis: materialist, ideological and social. It also allows us to make inferences about cognitive reductionism associated with the adoption of a single selected perspective. This is also what the proposed model aims to counteract. It is intended to be a conceptual construct that enables a multivariate diagnosis of the regional diversification of innovation culture. At the same time, it highlights the fact, that a complete diagnosis of innovation requires an appropriate unit of analysis (region) and a related analytical category (culture). Linking together these concepts leads to constructing a model that allows us to determine the level of innovation in the modern world and its territorial differentiation. Investigating innovation in accordance with that model involves reaching the content of the different layers of culture and analysing the relationship between the different layers of innovation and the region. Each of the indicated layers can be diagnosed in a quantitative and qualitative way. This model will be built in three stages. In the first stage, a multivariate (i.e. including the material, ideological and social aspects) unit of analysis – region – will be constructed. In the second stage, a private diagnostic category, i.e. culture, will be matched to this unit. Stage three will bring the final construction of the model.
EN
The purpose of writing this article is carrying out the analysis of existing approaches to the interpretation of the concepts economic culture, as well as economic competence as one of the most important components of the economic culture and determining features of economic competence of the future hotel and restaurant business specialists during their training at higher education institution. The problem of the moral and spiritual development of the country, the observance of the cultural belonging of the ethons is very sharp in the modern period of the independent states and particularly of Ukraine. These facts take place in the process of the statehood development and the concentration of the economical development on the right way. The main researches of the western and domestic scientists about the influence of the culture on economics and their interconnection are examined and analysed in this article. Our research has allowed to define the essence of the concept of hotel and restaurant business students’ economic culture as integrative personal new formation. It makes the unity of axiological, technological, creative and personal components having a dynamic character as an indicator of formation and personality development in the economic field. The main feature of competence as a part of any culture is not specific subject knowledge. In other words conceptual living skills and abilities are necessary for a person of any specialization and at any age. Development of the economic competence is quite a complex process which is substantially explained with a psychological component. Therefore the high level of student training of any professions including hotel and restaurant business trades of “services industry” knowledge branch in economic activity has the ability to provide social economic development of the economic competence in future. Development of the economic competence of future specialists in higher education system is an actual step for satisfaction of students’ needs, increasing competence level and ensuring growth of overall performance of education institutions for the purpose of education quality improvement.
EN
The article discusses long-term research made by a Polish outstanding historian Henryk Samsonowicz (1930–2021) on the Baltic economic zone. The publication is divided into three parts. The first part presents the historiographical tradition in which Samsonowicz’s research was embedded, as well as the research background that was contemporary with him. The second part features a chronological description of the historian’s findings, with a particular focus on the subject matter undertaken by Samsonowicz as well as the intensity of the research and its place in the broad spectrum of his interests. It has been established that the research on the economy of the Baltic zone in the period from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries was an important area of Samsonowicz’s output. Samsonowicz conducted his research on the issue from the mid-1950s to the 2010s, although his interests greatly expanded from the late 1960s and early 1970s. He particularly focused on the issues of long-distance trade, financial turnover, institutions and the socio-cultural context of economic life in the Baltic Sea basin. The third part of the article presents Samsonowicz’s theoretical and historical reflections on the theory of large economic zones, including the Baltic region, which he shared with Antoni Mączak. It provides an analysis of the findings on the changing composition and boundaries of the Baltic zone, and a comparison of Samsonowicz’s theory with Marian Małowist’s concept of dividing the economic space of Central and Eastern Europe. The article highlights Samsonowicz’s ability to combine the analysis of details and his synthetic approach to the issues under study, not only with regard to the Baltic Sea region, but entire Europe north of the Alps.
PL
Nauki ekonomiczne coraz częściej włączają zmienne kulturowe do analizy procesów zmian gospodarczych. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na niektóre kwestie teoretyczne i metodologiczne, wiążące się ze stosowaniem perspektywy kulturowej, oraz na sposób, w jaki czynnik kulturowy (jak kultura ekonomiczna) jest stosowany w badaniach nad procesami zmiany gospodarczej: na poziomie makro – narodowej kultury ekonomicznej, czyli historycznie zakorzenionych wartości kulturowych sprzyjających rozwojowi; na poziomie mezo – kultury ekonomicznej różnych grup, zbiorowości i miast; na poziomie mikro – kultury organizacyjnej, istotnego składnika kultury ekonomicznej.
EN
The economics sciences more and more often connects cultural variables to economic change processes. The article considers several theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of culture, and in the way economic culture is used in studies on processes of economic change on various levels: at the macro-level of national economic culture in the search for historically rooted cultural values conducive to economic development; at the mezo-level of the economic culture of various social groups, communities and cities; and at the micro-level of organisational culture, which is a significant component of economic culture.
RU
Экономическая культура проявляется в экономическом поведении, а экономическое поведение проявляется в экономических отношениях современного этапа. Социальными условиями формирования экономической культуры является политическая стабильность общества, переориентация старых управленческих структур на поддержку рыночных отношений, создание эффективных правовых регуляторов, моральное оздоровление населения.
EN
Economic culture manifests itself in economic behavior and economic behavior is manifested in modern economic relations. Social conditions of the formation is an economic culture is the Political stability of the society, the reorientation of the old administrative structures to support the market economy, the establishment of effective legal regulators, the moral improvement of the population.
PL
Ekonomiczna kultura przejawia się w zachowaniu ekonomicznym, a zachowanie ekonomiczne przejawia się we współczesnych stosunkach ekonomicznych. Socjalnymi warunkami formowania ekonomicznej kultury są: polityczna stabilność społeczeństwa, reorientacja starych struktur zarządzania na wspieranie rynkowych stosunków, tworzenie skutecznej regulacji prawnej, moralna sanacja ludności.
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