Search results - CEJSH

1

Renewable energy power plants

100%

Sobolewski M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2023

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issue 3(79)

169-178

EN

The opinion presents the regulatory conditions related to the launch of installations using renewable energy sources, including wind and photovoltaic installations. The conditions related to obtaining permits in the investment process and environmental requirements were analysed, such as the need to conduct an environmental impact assessment. Progress in the transposition into national law of the requirements of Directive 2018/2001/EU (REDII Directive) was assessed.

2

Smog a odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza władz publicznych

100%

Szczepaniak R.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2020

|

issue 2(66)

26-48

EN

According to the author, the civil law regime of tort liability of the state and other public authorities cannot be used to claim damages from the state for living in polluted air. Polluted air is a mass problem. The civil law classic mechanism of tort liability is not adapted to this kind of mass phenomena. In the author’s opinion, such a conclusion stems from the principle of equality of citizens against public burdens. The author believes that this principle is the most important basis for the tort liability of the state. Moreover, he draws attention to various types of aberrations in the shape of the state liability regime, which arise as a result of the CJEU’s case law.

3

Ochrona środowiska : aspekty prawne zagadnienia

80%

Jakubowska A.

MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne

|

2008

|

issue 1

109-128

PL

Od początku historii ludzkich poczynań konieczność zaspokajania życiowych potrzeb zmuszała człowieka do korzystania z zasobów przyrody i dokonywania w niej zmian. Jed-nakże odbywało się to w takim rozmiarze i takimi sposobami, że uszczuplanie zasobów przy-rody aż do czasów nam nieodległych nie przywodziło poważniejszej myśli o wytyczaniu mu jakichkolwiek granic. Intensywność tego zawłaszczania zwiększała się odpowiednio do wzro-stu liczby ludności i stopnia wzrostu potrzeb człowieka. Rozmiar wykorzystywania zaso-bów przyrody wiązał się z poziomem kultury materialnej i duchowej; geograficznie był zatem zróżnicowany. Lepsze rozumienie praw i znaczenia przyrody doprowadzało na obszarach o wysokiej kulturze do wyzwolenia zaczątków praw ochronnych i kształtujących. Jednak do końca XVIII wieku tendencje ochronne były słabe, rzadkie i oparte na partykular-nych motywach. Mimo utrwalania się eksploatatorskiego i konsumpcyjnego stosunku do przyrody, nie była ona jeszcze zagrożona w sposób istotny, choć kontynuowana działalność dewastacyjna nie raz doprowadzała do trwałych i niekiedy poważnych zniekształceń środowi-ska. Przełom w intensywności korzystania z zasobów przyrody nastąpił w XIX wieku wraz z silnym rozwojem techniki oraz znaczącym przyspieszeniem wzrostu ludzkiej populacji. Jednocześnie uszczuplanie zasobów przyrody, związane z rozwojem przemysłu pociągało za sobą wzrastającą deformację i degradację jej wartości biologicznych i równowagi ekologicz-nej. W XX wieku objawy niszczenia środowiska spotęgowały się. Wprowadzone i masowo sto-sowane technologie wzmagały szkodliwy wpływ produkcji na otoczenie. Wojny światowe i regionalne wzmagały degradację środowiska bądź przez fizyczne niszczenie, bądź przez nadmierną eksploatację bogactw naturalnych. Rosło zagrożenie hałasem. Tempo rozwoju przemysłu w ostatnich dziesiątkach lat i wprowadzenie na wielką skalę chemizacji w rolnic-twie przyczyniają się do pogorszenia stanu wód i gleb, narastają skutki efektu zwanego cieplarnianym. We współczesnej Europie, obok poszanowania różnorodności kultur i języków, powszechną praktyką staje się także poszanowanie wspólnego dobra jakim jest przyroda. Wyrazem tego poszanowania jest wspólna filozofia i wspólna praktyka ochrony przyrody i wiele wspólnie realizowanych przedsięwzięć. Potrzeby ochrony przyrody zostają więc, na równych prawach jak np. procesy gospodarcze, włączone we wszelkie planowanie dotyczące objętego takim zarządzaniem obszaru.

4

Environmental Responsibility: Teachers' Views

80%

Manolas E., Tampakis S.

Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability

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2010

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vol. 12

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issue 1

27-36

EN

This research paper investigates the views of the teachers of elementary and secondary schools in Greece with regard to who bears the responsibility for the state of the environment, as well as who should bear the cost of its protection. The research was carried out at the Environmental Education Centre of Kissavos-Mavrovounio. The research subjects were 144 teachers undergoing training in environmental education. The teachers believe that today the quality of both the natural and the urban environments worsens with those most responsible, in order of importance, being the industrialists and businesses, public administration and control mechanisms, politicians and laws, the citizens as consumers, judges and the judicial system and the farmers as producers. According to the respondents, the parties less responsible are the journalists and the mass media, researchers and scientists and, finally, teachers and the educational system in general. With regard to who should bear the cost of environmental protection, the vast majority think that the government should be the one to pay. The ideas of indirect and direct taxation, the adoption of a lower standard of living are much less accepted.

5

Kształtowanie świadomości ekologicznej w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

80%

Wolter E.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2013

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vol. 58

|

issue 2

77-95

EN

In the Polish Republic of the interwar era, the didactic and educational process of the environmental protection constituted in the implication of the whole of the educational process in public primary and high schools. The Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment carried out its legislative activity by founding the National Museum of Nature in Warsaw (since 1921, the Polish State Museum of Nature) in order to collect, keep and list the specimens of nature, to make compilations and spread the knowledge about nature and to make it available to school children as well as to popularize such actions as tree planting and collecting of waste papers. The museum also organized compulsory summer courses for teachers presenting the problem of environment protection which eventually became compulsory in schools. As the main aim of the following article is to present the chosen works of foreign authors used in educational activities between 1918 – 1939, it should be underlined that in the shaping of the environmental awareness of the Polish society of the Second Polish Republic, an important role was played by the works and books of foreign authors, written by A. Arends, L. Kny, A. B. Buckley, K. G. Lutz, H. Coupin, E. Thompson, C. Floericke, K. Lambert, P. Ledoux, K. von Marilaun, H. Fabre, A. E. Brehm, and E. Hassenpflug. Some of those works were translated into Polish from English, German, or French, and were used in schools by M. Arct-Golczewska, Z. Bohuszewiczówna, A. Czartkowski, H. Grotowska, W. Haberkantówna – before Poland gained independence in 1918. They were used in didactical and educational process in primary and high schools in the Second Polish Republic. The book written by R. Baden-Powell – “Scouting for Boys” – was translated into Polish and widely used in the Polish educational process. The 5th chapter of this book, entitled: “The woodcraft – getting familiar with animals and nature” deals with science of nature based on trips to the zoological garden and to the Natural History Museum at South Kensington and on observations of habits of wild and domesticated animals.

6

Approaches to teaching high school students about environmental protection in the Greater Bielsko-Biała Metropolitan Area (Poland)

80%

Tomczewska-Popowycz N.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

|

2014

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vol. 2

|

issue 2

10-15

EN

The purpose of the present study is to assess the level of knowledge about local environmental protection among high school students in Bielsko-Biała and the surrounding areas. This sort of knowledge is part of the curriculum and is covered in various natural science school courses, such as geography, biology, chemistry, and social sciences. Various laws and regulations mandate that ecology is part of the secondary education curriculum – “Podstawa programowa kształcenia ogólnego” (2002, 2008 a, b). The Bielsko-Biała area is known for its valuable natural resources and natural attractions. It is home to twelve protected natural areas, including: two sanctuaries, two scenic landscape parks, four nature and landscape complexes, two unique endangered ecosystems, and two protected Natura 2000 areas, as well as 62 natural landmarks. The present paper presents results of a study that was conducted by means of a survey of Bielsko-Biała’s high school students with respect to their knowledge about these protected natural areas. The results of the study revealed that the vast majority of the students do not take an interest in environmental protection issues. Moreover, the high school students displayed unsatisfactory knowledge about the protected natural areas around their city. The survey revealed that the study subjects were unable to identify the types of natural protected areas surrounding their city, let alone list or name the specific sanctuaries or natural landmarks. These disappointing findings generalize for both the students who live in Bielsko-Biała, and those who live in the distant northern provinces of the region. The results of the study stress the need for field trips and other programs aimed at advancing students’ knowledge in this area. The need to incentivize teachers to organize field trips and other events of this kind is also highlited.

7

The Role of Academic Integration in Education on Environmental Protection and the Concept of the Entrepreneurial University

80%

Lonc E., Kantowicz E.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia

|

2014

|

vol. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia IV

6-16

8

Zagadnienie pomocy publicznej udzielanej przez państwa członkowskie Unii Europejskiej na ochronę środowiska

80%

Podsiadło P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2011

|

issue 862

65-81

EN

The aim of the article is to present the conditions for the admissibility of public assistance in the European Union, with a particular focus on the principles applied to horizontal assistance in environmental protection. The source research in this area was carried out based on the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) and acts of secondary law (regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions). Particular emphasis is placed on the interpretation of EC guidelines on state assistance in environmental protection. An important conclusion is that EU subsidy law in the area of state assistance for environmental protection objectives should be analysed in the context of general rules governing public assistance in connection with the treaty provisions regarding environmental protection especially with “the polluter pays” principle and the principle of integrating environmental protection into sector policies. This means that the EU’s restrictive approach to granting public assistance for environmental protection has both an economic and a pro-ecological aim. The economic aim, which is to counteract the disruption of trade between member states, is clear, while it may be assumed that subsidising environmental protection is equally successful as imposing taxes on polluters. This leads to the conclusion that the first priority of public assistance for environmental protection is the realisation of economic aims, while ecological ones remain subordinate to them.

9

Enviromental Protection in the Constitution of Belarus

80%

Shupitskaya A.

Internal Security

|

2019

|

vol. 11(1)

65-71

EN

Constitutional principles and norms are the basis of the environmental policy of the Belarusian state at the present stage of its existence. They determine the limits, intensity, methods of its implementation, the degree of participation in the implementation of environmental policy of both the state bodies and civil society institutions. The scientific methods of cognition used in the research include analysis, synthesis, abstraction and comparative method. The study concluded that environmental protection in the Republic of Belarus is a set of measures, a system of state, international and public measures for the rational use, protection and restoration of natural resources, protection of the environment from pollution and destruction in order to create the most favourable conditions for the existence of human society, to meet the material and cultural needs of both living and future generations based on the constitutional principles and norms. Environmental protection can be considered as an independent constitutional principle underlying the modern policy of the Belarusian state.

10

Ochrona środowiska naturalnego w procesie produkcji rolnej a koncepcja własności rolniczej

80%

Niewiadomski A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2016

|

vol. 14

259-271

EN

The article indicates the basic principles of environmental protection used in agricultural law in the light of European and national regulation. This paper focuses also on the analysis of the impact of modern environmental law on ownership of agricultural real estate and agricultural activities. What is more, new obligations for farmers has been analyzed in the context of the Andrzej Stelmachowski’s concept of agricultural property.

11

Miejscowy plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego jako instrument ochrony środowiska

80%

Lipiński A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2016

|

vol. 14

221-243

EN

The primary function of the local development (spatial) plan is to determine the destination of the area covered by it, including various destinations of its individual fragments. Such plan is the act of local law, generally applicable on a given territory. Consequently, it becomes the basis for many decisions relating to the use of the real estates, which also means that it becomes an instrument of environmental protection. Detailed requirements of the legal system of environmental protection frequently stipulate that decisions determining the scope and manner of such protection must be in accordance with the local development plan. In fact, local development plan while specifying the destination of the covered area, also determines the legal scope and use of the environment. In practice, these requirements function only to a limited extent. This is because: – as a principle, adopting the local development plan is not compulsory, and as a result of a complex and expensive planning procedure only a part of the country territory is covered by such plans, – many local plans have numerous failures, primarily because of the conflict with the acts of parliament defining the detailed requirements to be met by such plans or because of the use of extremely imprecise terminology, – there is no effective mechanism for implementing the solutions of the public interest of a supracommunal character to the local development plans. For certain types of investments, this problem is solved by specific acts of law defining the detailed rules for the implementation of projects covered by them, while excluding requirements of spatial planning system.

12

Ochrona środowiska a status uzdrowiska w świetle prawa planowania przestrzennego

80%

Trzcińska D.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

|

2018

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vol. 16

|

issue 1 (1)

155-164

EN

Activity connected directly with preventing results of environmental degradation that are negative for health creates for public authority a sphere of action which combines both environmental protection and health protection. Environmental protection is a legal term with its definition in Art. 3 of Environmental Protection Act of 27 April 2001. Direct connection between environmental protection and health protection finds its reflection in the Act of 28 July 2005 on medical care, health care, health care protection areas and health care communities (called the Act on health resorts). This article contains an analysis of legal conditions connected with awarding a community the status of a health resort, according to the provisions of the Act of 27 March 2003 on spatial planning and development, as well as to the provisions of the above mentioned Act on health resorts.

13

Gospodarka odpadami w województwie mazowieckim

80%

Anuszewska E.

MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne

|

2008

|

issue 1

153-160

PL

Celem nadrzędnym krajowej polityki w zakresie gospodarowania odpadami jest przede wszystkim zapobieganie powstawaniu odpadów oraz ich odzysk lub unieszkodliwianie. Do podstawowych działań zmierzających do poprawy sytuacji w zakresie gospodarki odpadami należą: minimalizacja powstawania odpadów, zapewnienie odzysku i recyklingu odpadów oraz składowanie tylko tych odpadów, których ze względów ekonomicznych lub technologicznych nie da się przetworzyć. Realizacja tych działań stanowi podstawę do zapewnienia wypełniania założonych celów w zakresie gospodarki odpadami na terenie Województwa Mazowieckiego. Obecnie obowiązujący „Wojewódzki Plan Gospodarki Odpadami dla Mazowsza na lata 2007-2011 z uwzględnieniem lat 2012-2015” przedstawia działania zmierzające do poprawy sytuacji poprzez usprawnienie istniejącego systemu gospodarowania odpadami w województwie. Podstawowym celem jest zintegrowanie gospodarki odpadami na Mazowszu. Dominującym sposobem gospodarowania odpadami komunalnymi na terenie Województwa Mazowieckiego – blisko 84% ilości zebranej - jest ich składowanie bez jakiejkolwiek waloryzacji materiałowej lub energetycznej. Składowiska, które działają niezależnie, bez jakiegokolwiek powiązania z innymi instalacjami do zagospodarowania odpadów, obsługują przeważnie pojedyncze gminy. Większość obiektów to małe lokalne składowiska nie posiadające odpowiednich zabezpieczeń, a także podstawowego wyposażenia zapewniającego właściwą eksploatację, monitoring ilości i jakości dostarczanych odpadów oraz monitoring oddziaływania na środowisko. Plan zakłada przeprowadzenie licznych inwestycji z zakresu gospodarki odpadami na terenie województwa, w tym wdrożenie metod termicznego przekształcania odpadów. Pomimo wzrostu świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa, ciągle powszechny jest pogląd na temat szkodliwości dla środowiska i zdrowia człowieka termicznych metod zagospodarowania odpadów, co utrudnia lub wręcz uniemożliwia realizację nowych inwestycji. W związku z protestami społecznymi istnieją potencjalne zagrożenia związane z procesami decyzyjnymi i lokalizacyjnymi również innych obiektów związanych z zagospodarowywaniem odpadów, w tym m. in. składowisk, sortowni i kompostowni.

14

Technologie środowiskowe wobec rozwoju turystyki zrównoważonej

80%

Borodako K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2011

|

issue 857

53-61

EN

Solutions exist to the environmental threats posed by the growing pollution of the natural environment and the negative effects tourism has on the state of the environment. The development of sustainable tourism has focused a great deal of attention on the potential causes of this state of affairs. The article presents the essence and character of environmental technologies, and holds them up as one of the key aspects of environmental protection for guaranteeing tourist destinations, as well as the tourism companies that are active in them, greater competitiveness.

15

Organizacja ochrony środowiska w Polsce

80%

Jabłoński M.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

|

2013

|

vol. 11

|

issue 3

109-11

EN

The organization of environmental protection in Poland is a result of both the country’s environmental policy, as well as programs connected with its function as part of the European Union. New challenges in the field of environmental protection are determining the way it is handled in Poland and in global policy.

16

European Union environmental security: the only achieving strategy

80%

Melnyk O., Koreneva I., Zahorodnya L., Danyl'chenko I.

Securitologia

|

2016

|

issue 1 (23)

47-57

EN

The article deals with the main environmental policy stages in the EU. The principles of environmental protection are given. The legal environmental protection framework is considered. The features of regions with natural and common resources, industrial and human potential that has its own action plan for achieving common EU environmental safety strategy are considered.

17

Role of procedures in environmental management system

80%

Embros G.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

|

2013

|

vol. 11

|

issue 4

113-128

EN

In the paper, the author attempts to point out the meaning of procedures for the environmental management system (EMS). Particular attention is paid to form and content as well as to the functions, proprieties and structure of the procedures. The analyses were carried out taking into account a systemic approach of the essential topics to the ISO 14001 standard. Based on the chosen procedure, some fundamental methods of elaborating upon and implementing the EMS procedures were outlined. It was also presented that procedures written in accordance with these rules might provide vital support to the improvement of the organization’s management systems and might optimize the processes in the areas they cover.

18

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ECO-INNOVATIONS AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

80%

Wasiuta A., Świdzińska K. J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

|

2015

|

vol. 20(20)

358-377

EN

Energy security was previously considered unimportant. It started functioning only since the 70s of the twentieth century, during the oil crises. Today, the problem of energy security is increasingly being moved to an international level. The only way to do this seems to be the usage of renewable energy sources, which are present in every country whether in the form of solar, hydro, tidal, biomass, geothermal or wind energy. As the depletion of mineral resources, should increase the share of renewable sources, so that for several years it was possible to acquire energy without appreciable problems for customers.

19

Uwarunkowania demograficzne zmian środowiskowych – wybrane problemy

80%

Mazur-Wierzbicka E.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

|

2013

|

issue 3 (24)

164-174

EN

Population growth and related progress of civilization and economy, growing consumption, and at the same time economic disparity, and development between countries lead to a significant violation of the natural environment, adverse and often irreversible changes occurring therein. Nowadays demographic threats are one of the main sources of threats for the environment. Though in some countries we can observe the tendency of downward trend in the number of births (for example in Europe), in other countries especially in Africa and Asia the population growth is significant (in comparison to 1960 the population in Africa increased four times to 2010, and 2,5 times in Asia). The extending lifespan and lower infant mortality because of medicine development, changes of lifestyle, nutrition, and improved living conditions are the main factors of population growth in recent decades. The population growth leads to increased unbalanced consumption and increased production. The studies show that we get close to a dangerous boarder for example for biosphere based on indicator EF2.0 (ecological footprint) which now is 21.9 hectares per person, while the accepted ecological limit capacity for the Earth is 15.7 hectares per person. Rapidly progressive population growth on the Earth and changes under its influence can lead to global break of ecosphere. In a perspective avoiding excessive population growth can be one of strategies for sustainable development. Therefore different population growth in different parts of the world leads to specified environmental problems. For example in Africa it will lead to ground degradation and the decrease of food production. In Europe we have to cope with large energy consumption and other resources (for example water), large amount of industrial and municipal waste, poor biological variety and increased level of greenhouse gases. We have to notice that developing anthropopressure leads to new types of environmental threats so-called global ecological problems, problems which have no limits. Human population has two choices for future growth. The first ignoring increasing contamination which will consequently lead to “automatic recovery” that means coming of hunger, epidemics and population reduction in the world. The second choice assumes the need to control the population number and prevent when too high population number threatens to keep the environment in good condition. The main aim of this work is to show the meaning, influence of demographic factor on changes in natural environment. In the article the author points out that there are relations between population growth and changes occurring in the environment, describing respectively causes and projections of population growth, regional environmental problems and global environmental problems. This work is theoretical. The sources which are used are theoretical work included in literature concerning the discussed problem and public statistical data.

20

The Natura 2000 network and thread from mining activities

80%

SOBCZYK W., KOWALSKA A.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

|

2013

|

vol. 4

|

issue 1

278-283

EN

The aim of the Natura 2000 network is to preserve biodiversity while allowing sustainable development of the regions. This paper describes the objects of protection in the Natura 2000 areas. Some characteristics have been provided of the types of impact exerted by gravel and sand mining sites on the natural environment. Also it has been presented the influence of the mining of sand and gravel on the objects of protection in the Natura 2000 network.

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