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PL
Działania public relations oraz polityka informacyjna odgrywają jedną z podstawowych ról w administracji. Zadaniem, a właściwie obowiązkiem, urzędu jest m. in. informowanie odbiorców – społeczność lokalną o swoich działaniach. Dzięki mediom społecznościowym informowanie to może odbywać się poprzez autentyczny, aktywny i permanentny dialog z mieszkańcami. Skuteczne zarządzanie treścią sprzyja interakcjom, dzieleniu się opiniami, dyskusji oraz ulepszaniu produktu, którym w tym przypadku jest miasto.
EN
Public relations and information policy play important role in the administration. The task – actually the duty – of the office is to inform customers – the local community about their actions. Due to social media, this can be done by authentic, active and permanent dialogue with the residents. Effective content management is conducive to interaction, sharing opinions, discussions and improving the product which in this case is the city.
PL
Zdecydowana większość młodzieży w wieku 14–17 lat w Polsce posiada profil chociaż na jednym portalu i korzysta z niego codziennie. Portale społecznościowe są bardziej popularne wśród dziewczyn. Dziewczyny częściej odwiedzają tego typu strony i spędzają na nich więcej czasu niż chłopcy, zarówno w dni, kiedy są lekcje, jak i w dni wolne od zajęć szkolnych. Główne powody, dla których nastolatki korzystają z serwisów społecznościowych, to utrzymywanie kontaktu z innymi, nawiązywanie nowych znajomości, odrabianie lekcji oraz bycie na bieżąco z różnego rodzaju informacjami. Osoby spędzające na portalach społecznościowych co najmniej 2 godziny dziennie częściej pokonują za pomocą internetu samotność (p<0,05) niż inni ich użytkownicy. Istnieje zależność między intensywnym użytkowaniem serwisów społecznościowych i różnymi problemami psychospołecznymi. Najsilniejszy związek zachodzi w przypadku zachowań niedostosowanych oraz agresywnych. Ponadto osoby intensywnie korzystające z portali społecznościowych częściej korzystają z internetu w sposób dysfunkcyjny.
EN
The vast majority of young people aged 14–17 in Poland has a profile on at least one sns and uses it on a daily basis. Social networking sites are more popular among girls. Girls are more likely to visit this kind of websites and spend more time on them than boys, both on school days and non-school days. The main reasons why adolescents use social networking sites are as follows: keeping contact with others, making new friends, doing homework, being up to date. Those who spend at least 2 hours a day on social networking sites are more likely to overcome loneliness (p<0,05) than other users. There is an association between the heavy use of social networking sites and the various psychosocial problems. The strongest association occurs in the case of rule breaking (delinquent) behaviour and aggressive behaviour. Moreover adolescent who are heavy sns users are more prone to dysfunctional internet use.
EN
Democratic systems face several challenges, many of which are based on current societal sentiments. Western societies may enjoy life in prosperity but many of their citizens are dissatisfied as they live in fear of the future. While the established political parties are unable to respond effectively, populist parties work effectively with fear. Thus, populism has been on the rise. Although populism appears in the communication of parties at both ends of the left-right axis, in most cases it is associated with the extreme right. A key element in the success of populist parties is their communication strategy while social media have become an ideal platform for populist political communication. The single-country case study focuses on Czech politics, in which this area was occupied by the Freedom and Direct Democracy Party, led by Tomio Okamura. The study analyses the political communication of the party and of Okamura, especially its content and form.
EN
Each epoch has its own technology that defines it. Nowadays these are microprocessor-based digital devices. Technological advancement enforces changes in communication methods, which in turn triggers a number of new phenomena. Another important feature that additionally distinguishes the present times are solutions based on algorithms and artificial intelligence effectively used by websites (search engines, social media), increasingly growing into the position of “non-human” partners in interaction and as sources of knowledge about the world. The author focuses on problems and social consequences of digital communication, aiming to strengthen critical attitudes towards digital technologies – often perceived as “transparent” and therefore used uncritically. Particular attention is paid to phenomena which according to the author constitute an example of information paradox which arises as a result of simplified and automated digital communication tools. In this context the text discusses: information overload, solutions based on the system of black box, changes in bonding processes and in social experiencing of certain rituals.
DE
Social Media, wie Facebook, sind wichtige Kommunikationswege sowohl für einsprachige Anwender als auch für Nutzer mit verschiedenen Fremdsprachenkenntnissen (die letzteren übernehmen die Strukturen der Mutter- und Fremdsprache in die Konversation). Im Resultat kann man annehmen, dass die Kommunikation via Facebook eine gewisse Rolle bei der Verwendung von Fremdsprachen spielt. Einen der Aspekte, der in dieser Hinsicht analysiert werden kann, bilden verschiedene Formen von Codeswitching. In Bezug auf das Codeswitching zwischen Polnisch und Englisch, das in diesem sozialen Netzwerk vorkommt, besteht eine wesentliche Forschungslücke. Für einen kompletten Überblick über das dargestellte Problem werden im vorliegenden Artikel an angeführten polnisch-englischen Beispielen bestimmte Typen, Strategien und Funktionen von Codeswitching in Posts und Kommentaren, die von polnischen Facebook-Nutzern in den Jahren 2014–2019 erstellt wurden, identifiziert und erläutert. Darüber hinaus wird im Text auf die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Facebook-Tools und Materialien zum Codeswitching bei dem Fremdsprachenlehren und -lernen hingewiesen und der Aspekt des „sozialen Lernens“ (Mallia, 2013) mittels Facebook angesprochen.Die Untersuchung basiert auf einem Korpus, das von der Autorin des vorliegenden Artikels entwickelt wurde. In der Untersuchung wurde eine integrative – d.h. qualitative und quantitative Methode eingesetzt. Im analysierten Material lassen sich drei Haupttypen (satzinterner, satzübergreifender, parenthetischer) und -strategien (Alliteration, Parenthese, entsprechende Umstellung von Lexemen) des Sprachcodeswitching unterscheiden. Das Codeswitching deutet hauptsächlich auf die Zugehörigkeit zur bestimmten Gruppe hin, kann aber auch Humor bzw. ein Zitat in die Aussage einleiten oder das Fehlen von Äquivalenten in der Muttersprache signalisieren. Aus dem Artikel ergibt sich, dass es gewisse Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Typen, Strategien und Funktionen des Codeswitching gibt. Die Resultate der betreffenden Analyse werden mit Ergebnissen der neuesten Untersuchungen über das polnisch- und indonesischenglische Codeswitching auf Facebook zusammengestellt.
EN
Social networking services, such as Facebook, are important channels of communication both for monolingual users and for those having various degrees of proficiency in L2, with the latter deploying expression both from L1 and L2. It can, therefore, be presumed that communication on FB plays a role in practicing the use of L2. One of the phenomena that can be examined in relation to that are various forms of code-switching. There is animmense research gap related to Polish-English code-switching appearing on this SNS. To obtain a full picture of the issue, the paper identifies and discusses types, strategies, and functions of Polish-English code-switches found in posts and comments published by Poles on Facebook in 2014–2019. It also indicates possible applications of FB tools and materials including CS in foreign language teaching and learning and shows how Facebook enables “social learning” (Mallia, 2013). The research is based on a corpus constructed by the author of this article. An integrated approach with both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis is used in the paper. Three main CS types (intrasentential, intersentential, and tag-switching) and strategies (alternation, insertion, and congruent lexicalisation) have been attested in the material. The code-switches mostly indicate in-group membership but also, for example, introduce humor, quotes, and signal a lack of L1 equivalents. The study points out that there are certain relations between the types, strategies and functions. The resultsof the research are collated with the recent studies on Polish-English and Indonesian-English CS on Facebook.
EN
Social media has forever changed how we interact with the world. In many ways, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and the like have become an integral part of our individual identities. This is particularly true in adolescent and young adult populations. Social scientists are just beginning to understand the interplay between social media use and individual mental health. Research has demonstrated both negative and positive effects of social media use on wellbeing.
EN
Facebook has become one of the mediums of creativity and criticism of works of art as a result of the nature of its blended writing. At the “completion” of a composition, Facebook poems maintain a certain degree of the static form, which is a characteristic of print literature. Facebook poetry coalesces the oral and print into a “new” form of poetry and extends the boundaries of oral and print literature. Using Bolter and Grusin concept of Remediation as a theoretical framework, this paper examines literary heredity and variation in selected Facebook poems of Veralyn Chinenye and her collaborative authors and participants. The paper further examines the characteristics and criticism of Facebook poetry and explicates the functionality of “Emoji”, “Comments”, “Share”, and intertextuality in the on-going creation and criticism of Facebook poetry that is different from the conventional perception and practice of literary creativity and criticism. Through the examples of poetry analysed in this paper, our findings show that digital literature is, to an extent, fluid and shares identical characteristics with oral literature in terms of artist and audience participation, occasion of performance
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