Forced heirship is considered a limit on the freedom of will of the deceased in favour of intergenerational solidarity. It involves that some relatives, usually descendants, have the right to claim a share of the deceased’s assets or estate. Although recognized in most EU jurisdictions, authors discuss about the need to regulate this institution taking into account new family models and societal changes. In fact, this debate has been intensified due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which showed that several elders died alone in nursing homes without family support, and part of their assets shall be reserved to their relatives. This paper analyses the legal framework of forced heirship in Spain and examines to which extent it is possible to exclude this right due to a lack of personal relationship with the beneficiaries in view of comparative models.
The origin of the current family crisis does not consist exclusively of factors external to the family, but above all in the lack of internal resources that support and solidify the family from within. In the context of marriage institution crisis and recent transformation of the concept of the family, it is important to reflect on the appropriate remedies to deal with this situation. The article tries to present tenderness as an important factor in restoring balance within the family. For the members of a family it is important to be able to express tenderness through the language of the body. This makes their relationships more authentic and expresses their commitment to building strong and lasting family ties. The last part of the article is an attempt to outline the basic features of the spirituality of tenderness in order to give the family new strength and stability.
PL
Przyczyną obecnego kryzysu rodziny nie są wyłącznie czynniki, które ingerują w nią od zewnątrz, ale przede wszystkim brak wewnętrznych zasobów wspierających i utrwalających ją od wewnątrz. W kontekście kryzysu instytucji małżeńskiej i radykalnej transformacji koncepcji rodziny ważne jest zastanowienie się nad odpowiednimi środkami zaradczymi, aby poradzić sobie z tą sytuacją. Artykuł przedstawia czułość jako ważny czynnik przywracania równowagi w rodzinie oraz podkreśla wagę umiejętności jej wyrażania językiem ciała w konkretnych sytuacjach życiowych. To czyni rodzinne relacje bardziej autentycznymi i wyraża zaangażowanie jej członków w budowanie silnych i trwałych więzi. Ostatnia część artykułu nakreśla podstawowe cechy duchowości czułości, dzięki której rodzina może znaleźć nową siłę i stabilność.
The paper presents research conducted within the narrative psychology paradigm. Its main purpose was to explore the relationships between features of adolescents’ identity narratives and their assessments of family functioning and themselves as family members. The choice of subject was motivated by current reports on identity formation difficulties in adolescence. Adolescents’ narratives were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Associations between specific aspects of self-narratives and participants’ perceptions of how their families functioned and how they functioned in the family system were evaluated. The results confirm the hypothesized relationships between the features of adolescents’ narratives and evaluations of their families and self-assessments of their own functioning in those families. Multi-thematic, content-rich and positively evaluated self-narratives are associated with positive assessments of selected aspects of family functioning and adolescents’ own functioning within the family. The following aspects of family assessment are significant: affective expression, level of emotional involvement in the family, level of control, family role performance and communication. Important factors in the self-assessment were: sense of competence in family role performance, assessment of one’s communication, behavior control and affective expression.
The background to the study examines parental involvement in education as a form of social capital and focuses on how involvement may be developed through three dimensions of social capital: bonding, bridging, and linking. Both groups (students and parents) were surveyed using questionnaires. The data of two different studies have been used: a cross-sectional study carried out in sixty-five schools in Estonia and a study of a comprehensive school to introduce practical implementations of the findings. The results of the studies indicate a high degree of readiness for cooperation from both sides - parents and the school, even though their understanding of responsibilities slightly differ. Parents and teachers should have mutual power and influence regarding the child's education, although schools have to take the prime responsibility in organizing the cooperation process.
The issue of anticipation social support is actual topic because of detection important factors for positive development of personality. Emotional bonds are getting stronger with perception of social support. Subjective feeling of positive emotions and relationships is manifest with higher range of social and mental functioning, emotional - willing stability of personality. Emotional basement of personality is emotional stability, which represent relationship with the anticipated social support. The lack of social support make a negative influence on personality development and personality traits. Positive emotional relationsthips with parents are important for healthy growth of personality (Filadelfiová, 2001; Arrive, 2004; Vágnerová, 2000; Langmeier & Křejčířová, 2006; Grun, 2011; Kraus & Poláčková, 2001; Matulník, 2002; Matějček & Dytrych, 2002). The meaning of social support and partner's love is confirmed with research. The meaning of social support in adolescence is replaced from parents to life partner. Strong emotional relationship motivates, integrates and regulates (Vágnerová, 2000). Absence of positive and permanent emotional relationship hold the positive soul steadiness. The signs of soul unsteadiness are destruction of self-esteem and self-image which manifest unstable emotionality. Subjective survival of emotional and social disharmony influence mental problems - neurotic disorders, problems with adaptation, emotional and social problems (Kondáš, 2002). The goal of research was find out relationship of social support regarding with emotional-willing stability and adolescence relationships in their family. We were interested in level of social support and level of emotional- willing stability and perception of quality family relationships regarding with gender and actual partnership. The research sample contained with N= 120 respondents (men = 33, women = 87) in age 19 - 24 years old, M = 23, 97. The next criterium of research sample was the longiness of their actual partnership (min 1 year), N= 63 - I have actual partnership; N= 57 - I don't have actual partnership. In research we used methods: Own Inventory, MOS Social Support Survey (Kožený & Tišanská, 2002), Personality Inventory (Miglierini, 1987). The Personality Inventory we used because of focusing on the period of adolescence. We used subscales emotional- willing activity and relationships in family. We indicate the most important findings in choosed sample of adolescents. The higher range of perception regards with feeling of confidence. Other findings regard relationship in social support and emotional relationships to parents - between range of anticipation social support and emotional relationships in family exist important correlation, higher perception of social support regard with positive surviving of emotional relationships in family. Gender aspect mention to value of parent's behavior - positive evaluation of parents behavior is a criteria. Important is relationship to parent's behavior. Women - in adolescence are emotional more unstable and men have higher range of uncertainty and lower range of optimism and satisfaction. We found importance in social support regarding with timeliness of emotional partner's bond. The existence of partnership is connected with lower range of emotional steadiness, but higher range of perception social support we found with adolescents with actual partnership. In research was confirmed importance of social support relate to emotional bonds to parents and importance of emotional proximity of partner in period of adolescence.
The aim of this paper is to make a quick overview of the literature concerning not only the variety of concepts of ageing and activities that older people may take in their free-time, but also the significance of intergenerational family relationships, especially the grandparents-grandchildren relationship. On this background authors’ own research on this topic is presented. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis that younger grandparents are more vital and have more free-time activities than the older. Moreover, the findings indicate the importance of role that grandparents may play in grandchildren’s life (‘stabilizer’, ‘family national guard’, ‘arbiter’, ‘historian’) regardless of their age. It is also shown that with increasing age and declining social networks grows the need to maintain close contact with younger generations of the family.
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between styles of sense of humour and parental attitude. The study sample consisted of adults who are parents, mostly women (59 vs 14 men). Because the study was exploratory in nature, a statistical significance level of α < .10 was adopted and tentatively demonstrated the existence of partial relationships between the constructs analyzed. Level of self-deprecating humour correlates with intensity of demanding attitude (rho = .249, p = .035) and intensity of demanding attitude (rho = .241, p = .042). In contrast, the level of aggressive humor correlates negatively with accepting attitude (rho = –.273, p = .012) but correlates positively with inconsistent attitude intensity (rho = .217, p = .067).
The article analyzes the concept of “culture of behavior” – the basic requirements and rules of human coexistence, skills – the right to communicate with other people. It is determined that the foundations of the culture of behavior are laid in the early school years, determining further harmonious development of the individual and society as a whole. Bringing up the culture of behavior should be seen as an important social, pedagogical and psychological problem, the successful solution, which depends on the development of the younger generation of high moral qualities, deep intelligence and real spiritual wealth. The role of the family in shaping the culture of the child’s behavior is defined and the views of scientists on the above mentioned issues are highlighted. Thanks to the parents the child acquires experience of cultural behavior. The example is of great importance to the parents of the child. It is just from this source the child receives the necessary data to build his/her future relationships with people. Relationships in the family are the basis of formation of the child. The influence of family relationships on creation of a culture of behavior of the child is defined. Child-parent relationships are specifically different from all other kinds of interpersonal relationships, as characterized by a strong emotional importance for both the child and parents. The questions of the educational potential of families, which are: personal example of parents, their social person, authority, based on active citizenship; lifestyle of the family, its structure, traditions, family relations; emotional and moral climate; reasonable organization of free time and leisure of the family. The factors of implementation: civil orientation and culture of their parents, their desire to be respected by their children, educate them as harmonious personalities; general cultural potential, traditions, moral and spiritual values of the family; place the child in the family group, the moral authority of parents in his/her eyes; pedagogical culture of parents. The child-parent relationships as a specific kind of meaningful relationships are characterized and basic principles and rules that affect the child’s behavior culture are considered, namely: humanity, humanism, sense of teamwork, tact, kindness and generosity. The obvious deviation from the etiquette of family relations is humiliation of man. A good, intelligent family does not forgive rudeness, carelessness, neglect to the people
This article is aimed at analyzing the break between fathers and their children in the texts of Boubacar Boris Diop, in which another figure often replaces that of the biological parent. Participating in the identity construction of his foster son, the spiritual father grants him memory which is contradictory to the official history. This clash, omnipresent in Boubacar Boris Diop’s novels, testifies of a change of paradigm revealing a deep crisis of the father figure in African postcolonial societies. We are indeed very far from the mythicized image of the pater nobilis which used to be omnipresent in African literature.
Příspěvek přináší některé z výsledků tříletého výzkumného projektu „Mezigenerační učení: děti, rodiče a prarodiče v neformálním vzdělávání a v informálním učení“. Zaměřuje se na mezigenerační učení v rodině, a to v pohledu tří zúčastněných generací. Nejprve vyjasňuje argumenty, které stojí za zvýšenou pozorností věnovanou v posledních letech v mezinárodním kontextu mezigeneračnímu učení, jako jsou demografické okolnosti (stárnoucí společnost), proměny rodiny (variabilita ve struktuře a vztazích) a celoživotní učení (potřeba kontinuity na pozadí změny). Dále se zaměřuje na vybrané výsledky z empirického výzkumu metodologicky založeného na smíšeném designu, jimiž je identifikace rolí rodinných „edukátorů“.
The article deals with intergenerational learning in the Czech family from three generations perspective. Intergenerational learning means phenomena and processes aiding mutual transfer of knowledge, experiences, and attitudes in the family that take place in specific family life situations, in interactions, and during the shared activities of the participating generations: children, parents, and grandparents. The thesis of pro-learning family culture-the influence of family characteristics such as communication, family climate and cohesion on learning in the family is elaborated on. The thesis of pro-learning family culture is developed further to identify four different models of family learning from intergenerational perspective. A mixed research design was used.
The article contains an overview of the rules relating to the scope of application of the EU private international law regulations. It addresses the treatment of the relevant preliminary questions, with special reference to the Succession Regulation. The issues are discussed in three steps. The first is connected with the way of interpreting the notions and concepts, such as marriage, adoption, legal capacity etc., where such matters as personal status, legal capacity or family relationship may come to the foreground as a preliminary question. The second is dealing with the law applicable to the preliminary question. The author compares pros and cons of the “independent reference” (lex fori) and the “dependent reference” (lex causae) solutions, considering the latter as less effective, producing more negative consequences. The third step embraces questions relating to the jurisdiction with respect to preliminary question.
The modern family has been beset by many profound changes, but is still recognised as the first setting for education. This diagnosis has provoked the author to present a few aspects connected with pedagogy of the family. Firstly, the right of the family to give education is essential, since it is connected with the transmission of human life; it is original and primary (with regard to the educational role of other institutions) on account of the uniqueness of the loving relationship between parents and children. Secondly, the family is a community of persons: of husband and wife, of parents and children, of relatives. The inner principle of this community, its strength and its final goal, is love. Without love the family is not a community of persons. It cannot live, grow nor perfect itself and cannot undertake the appropriate pedagogical tasks. The love between husband and wife and between members of the family puts the family in the forefront of the process of human development and education. The educational exchange between parents and children is a bilateral process, in which each gives and receives. In addition to these characteristics, it cannot be forgotten that the upbringing a child starts from the conception, so the prenatal months and the first months of postnatal life are very important for a child’s development. Therefore, family pedagogical activity based on the respect of human dignity and strong family relationships is a precious gift offered by parents to children.
PL
Współczesna rodzina mimo naznaczenia wieloma głębokimi przemianami, nadal jest uznawana za pierwsze miejsce wychowania. Niniejsza diagnoza sprowokowała autorkę niniejszego artykułu do zaprezentowania kilku aspektów pedagogiki rodziny. Po pierwsze, niezbędne jest zachowanie prawa rodziny do wychowania, gdyż jest ono związane z przekazywaniem życia ludzkiego; jest oryginalne i podstawowe (w stosunku do zadań wychowawczych innych instytucji) z racji wyjątkowości stosunku miłości łączącej rodziców i dzieci. Po drugie, rodzina jest wspólnotą osób: męża i żony, rodziców, dzieci i najbliższych krewnych. Wewnętrzną zasadą tej wspólnoty, jej siły i ostatecznego celu, jest miłość. Bez niej rodzina nie jest wspólnotą, to znaczy nie może żyć, rozwijać się i doskonalić, ani podejmować odpowiednich zadań pedagogicznych. Miłość łącząca męża i żonę oraz członków rodziny sytuuje rodzinę jako pierwszą instytucję w procesie rozwoju i wychowania człowieka. Wymiana wychowawcza między rodzicami i dziećmi jest procesem dwustronnym, w którym każdy daje i otrzymuje. Poza wskazanymi wcześniej zagadnieniami pedagogiki rodziny nie można zapominać, że wychowanie dziecka zaczyna się już od poczęcia, zatem miesiące prenatalne i pierwsze miesiące życia poporodowego są niezwykle ważne dla rozwoju człowieka. Dlatego rodzinna działalność pedagogiczna oparta na poszanowaniu godności osoby oraz silnych więziach rodzinnych jest cennym darem ofiarowanym dzieciom przez rodziców.
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie specyfiki relacji i więzi w rodzinach z dzieckiem z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Skoncentrowano się na doświadczeniach dorosłego sprawnego rodzeństwa, które z perspektywy czasu odwołuje się do postaw rodzicielskich matki i ojca. Starano się przedstawić zwłaszcza emocjonalny i społeczny wymiar dorastania w rodzinie z niepełnosprawnym intelektualnie bratem lub siostrą.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the specifics of the relationships and bonds in families that raise a child with intellectual disability. Special attention is focused on the experiences of the adult healthy siblings of the disabled, who refer to the mother’s and father’s parental attitudes from the perspective of time. Effort was taken to present especially emotional and social dimensions of growing up in a family with mentally disabled brother or sister.
Young adults’ relationships with their parents change throughout their shared family life. Young adults who are ready to leave the family home usually have developed communication patterns with their parents. The COVID-19 pandemic time changed the natural course of many processes in society, including thedynamics of family relationships. Some young people were forced to return to the family home, and their motivation was extrinsic, which may have affected the quality of relationships between young people and their parents. In this article, we indicate the dynamics and nature of changes in the relationship between parents and young people returning to the family home. We identify variables, conditioning relationships for individual characteristics such as broadening and adoption derived from the CEI-II questionnaire. Other variables include age, gender, and assessment of relationships with parents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, time spent talking to parents before and during the pandemic, topics discussed in conversations with parents, areas of conflict in relationships with parents, and emerging emotions toward parents. The research tool was a self-administered survey questionnaire. The study population was people aged 18-25, and the research sample is 568 from all over Poland. The survey was conducted using the CAWI method. Correlationcoefficient for ordinal variables, non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon test for pairs of observations), and decision classification trees were applied in order to determine the qualitative classification of the relationship with the parents in the context of obtaining high scores in terms of expanding knowledge and experiences and accepting the uncertain and unpredictable nature of everyday life. The main results of the study lead to a resolution indicating that the relationship of young people with their mother, in the subjective assessment has slightly deteriorated, the relationship with the father has not changed, those who obtain high scores in broadening have better relationships with their parents than those with low and medium scores. COVID-19, family relationships, teenagers, classification trees
PL
Relacje młodych osób z rodzicami ulęgają zmianie na przestrzeni wspólnego życia rodzinnego. Młode osoby gotowe do opuszczenia domu rodzinnego zazwyczaj posiadają już wypracowane wzorce komunikacji z rodzicami. Czas pandemii COVID-19 zmienił naturalny bieg wielu zachodzących w społeczeństwie procesów, w tym dynamikę relacji rodzinnych. Część młodych osób zmuszona została do powrotu do domu rodzinnego, a ich motywacja była zewnątrzsterowna, to mogło wpłynąć na jakość relacji między młodymi osobami a ich rodzicami. Podjęty w niniejszym artykule problem badawczy brzmiał: Jakie zmiany zachodzą w relacjach młodych osób z ich rodzicami w sytuacji powrotu do domu rodzinnego ze względu na pandemię COVID-19? Określamy zmienne warunkujące zależności dla cech jednostki takich jak poszerzanie i przyjmowanie pochodzące z kwestionariusza CEI-II. Pozostałe zmienne to: wiek, płeć oraz ocena relacji z rodzicami przed pandemią COVID-19 i w jej trakcie, czas spędzony na rozmowach z rodzicami przed pandemią i w jej trakcie, tematy -podejmowane w rozmowach z rodzicami, obszary konfliktowe w relacjach z rodzicami oraz pojawiające się emocje wobec rodziców. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankietowy. Badaną populację stanowiły osoby w wieku 18-25, a próba badawcza to 568 osób z całej Polski. Badanie przeprowadzone zostało metodą CAWI. Zastosowano miary zależności dla cech porządkowych, testy nieparametryczne (test Wilcoxona dla par obserwacji) oraz drzewa klasyfikacyjne w celu określenia klasyfikacji jakościowej relacji z rodzicem w kontekście uzyskiwania wysokich wyników w kategoriach poszerzania wiedzy i doświadczeń oraz przyjmowania niepewnego i nieprzewidywalnego charakteru życia codziennego. Główne wyniki badań prowadzą do rozstrzygnięcia wskazującego, że relacje młodych osób z matką w czasie pandemii, w subiektywnej ocenie, nieznacznie się pogorszyły, a relacje z ojcem nie uległy zmianie. Osoby, które uzyskują wysokie wyniki w kategorii poszerzanie mają lepsze relacje z rodzicami niż osoby o niskich i średnich wynikach.
The article is an analysis of diary of Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł – known as „Rybeńko” (1702-1762) – in terms of reading the way of presenting the relations within family there. Reading his very extensive writings, carried regularly for several years, proves the strategy adopted by the author regarding the presentation of the events in relation to the members of the magnate family. It is suggested to ignore inconvenient facts, as well as to conceal controversial motives or consequences of their own actions, and also further or closer relatives. Whereas everything that can bring glamour and recognition is emphasised. Radziwiłł tries to create an idealized image of the family, looking on their relatives from the perspective of social roles, in which they shall be filled. The aim of the article is to discover and describe the mechanisms, present in the diary, as concealment and conscious creation, contributing to a spotless family portrait construction.
Aim. The aim of the work was to analyze the correlations between the evaluation of family relationships and positive life orientation, negative emotionality and social inhibition, the level of burnout, a sense of social support as well as mental resilience in mothers raising children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Methods. The following tools were used in the work: a self-designed questionnaire, the P Scale, the DS-14, the Burned-Out Scale, the Social Support Scale, the Resiliency Assessment Scale. Results and conclusions. Over 91% of the surveyed mothers rated their family relationships as poor. According to the study’s findings, there are strong correlations between the surveyed women’s negative assessment of family relationships and the increased propensity to experience negative emotions, difficulty perceiving positive aspects of life, resignation from pursuing life goals and aspirations, low life satisfaction, loss of subjective commitment, reduction in the effectiveness of action and emotional control, reduction in interpersonal contacts, and increased physical fatigue. Strong correlations were also found between the negative assessment of relationships in the family by the studied mothers and low mental resilience and its indicators, such as low personal competences, low tolerance for negative emotions and failures, a pessimistic outlook on life, and the inability to mobilize oneself to cope constructively with challenging situations. Conversely, family relationships are positively assessed by the women who feel complete, approach life as a challenge, have high tolerance and mental resilience to failures and negative emotions, formulate life goals and believe in the possibility of achieving them, can see positive aspects of life.
PL
Cel. Celem pracy bała analiza zależności między oceną relacji w rodzinie a pozytywną orientacją życiową, negatywną emocjonalnością i zahamowaniem społecznym, poziomem wypalenia się sił, poczuciem wsparcia społecznego oraz odpornością psychiczną matek wychowujących dzieci z ASD. Metody. W pracy zastosowano: ankietę, na podstawie której zebrano dane socjodemograficzne oraz informacje dotyczące relacji w rodzinie badanych kobiet, Skalę P, aut. G. Caprara, Skalę DS-14, aut. N. Ogińskiej-Bulik, Z. Juczyńskiego i J. Denollet, Skalę Wypalenia się Sił, aut. W. Okły i S. Steuden, Skalę Wsparcia Społecznego aut. K. Kmiecik-Baran oraz Skalę Pomiaru Prężności Psychicznej, aut. N. Ogińskiej-Bulik i Z. Juczyńskiego. Wyniki i wnioski. Ponad 91% badanych matek oceniało swoje relacje w rodzinie jako złe. Wyniki informują występowaniu zależności między negatywną oceną relacji w rodzinie przez badane kobiety a: nasiloną tendencją do doświadczania negatywnych emocji, trudnościami w dostrzeganiu pozytywnych aspektów życia, rezygnacją z realizacji życiowych celów i dążeń, niską satysfakcją z życia, utratą podmiotowego zaangażowania, obniżeniem efektywności działania i kontroli emocjonalnej, zawężeniem kontaktów interpersonalnych oraz nasilonym zmęczeniem fizycznym. Zależności ujawniono również między negatywną oceną relacji w rodzinie przez badane matki a niską odpornością (prężnością) psychiczną i jej wskaźnikami: niskimi kompetencjami osobistymi, niską tolerancją negatywnych emocji oraz niepowodzeń, pesymistycznym nastawieniem do życia i brakiem zdolności mobilizowania się do konstruktywnego radzenia sobie w trudnych sytuacjach. Pozytywnie oceniają relacje w rodzinie kobiety, które czują się kompletne, traktują życie jako wyzwanie, mają wysoką tolerancję i odporność psychiczną na niepowodzenia i negatywne emocje, formułują życiowe cele i wierzą w możliwość ich realizacji, potrafią dostrzegać pozytywne aspekty życia.
Interpersonálne vzťahy medzi členmi rodiny. Príspevok poukazuje na význam interpersonálnych vzťahov medzi členmi v rodine, ktoré ovplyvňujú nielen prístup žiaka k učeniu, jeho osobnosť, ale aj zodpovednosť, organizovanie si dňa a pod. Záleží, čo rodina pokladá za najdôležitejšie a ako to sprostredkuje ostatným členom rodiny. Vzájomné vzťahy medzi rodičmi, rodičmi a deťmi ovplyvňujú nielen psychiku dieťaťa, ale aj jeho postoje, hodnoty, ktoré prejavuje svojím správaním a konaním. Súčasťou príspevku sú aj výsledky výskumu, v ktorom sme merali sociálnu atmosféru v rodine. Sústredili sme sa na meranie a popis interpersonálnych vzťahov medzi členmi rodiny, na smery osobného rastu, ktoré sú v rodine zdôrazňované a na základnú organizačnú štruktúru rodiny.
EN
Interpersonal relationships between family members. The contribution points to the importance of interpersonal relationships between family members that affect not only pupil access to learning, his personality, but also responsibility, organization of the day, and so on. It matters what the family thinks is most important and how it mediates to other family members. Relationships between parents, parents and children affect not only the child’s psyche, but also the attitudes and values that it displays through behavior and action. The contribution also includes research results in which we measured the social atmosphere of family. We have focused on measuring and describing the interpersonal relationships between family members, the personal growth directions that are highlighted in the family and the basic organizational structure of the family.
This paper deals with the prose works of Jan Balabán. It focuses mainly on the contradictions between idealized notions of the family and relationships within it and the “reality” of the fictional world, which does not match these ideas. The methodological contribution is based on anthropological literature, mainly regarding Wolfgang Iser’s idea (literature as a medium which facilitates anthropological experience that is otherwise unattainable), but also considers the sociological theories of Zygmunt Bauman involving liquid modernity and the fixed and pure relationships of Anthony Giddens.
Introduction. While refl ecting about/on a forest, we can notice that it is cognitively interesting to (re)cognize it through both human–nature, human–environment, human–forest relationship, and in the context of forming and nurturing interpersonal bonds. In this context, noticing and understanding the forest as a unique space for family relationships becomes an important direction of thinking. How can we, then, understand the forest as a family space? How can the forest become and be a family micro-world? What value can family experiences in a forest have for nurturing family bonds? I will search for answers to these questions by referring to the literature on the subject and by presenting selected practices of family trips to forests (practices of “being in the forest”). In a wider perspective, the paper is a voice in the discussion on the educational potential of forests or for treating them as a lifelong learning space. Aim. The goal of the paper is to recognize, describe, and understand the forest as a family space/micro-world. In such a perspective, the paramount objective is to present the forest (being in the forest) as a space where family bonds can be deepened, nurtured, and strengthened. Another important aspect involves valorisation of forest-related issues (thinking about forest) in the area of social sciences. Materials and methods. Analysis of the subject literature and documents regarding implementation of selected educational practices. Analysis of existing documents. Results. Reflections presented in the paper focus on recognizing forest as a family micro- world. In this perspective, family trips to the forest and experiences shared by family members become a natural process for developing and nurturing relationships – both with the nature and with one another. Dynamically developing educational initiatives and offers addressed to families (focusing on building bonds between people and nature, facilitating intergenerational relations and the idea of learning in the forest) allow to understand the forest as a place which helps modern families to be together in an authentic way.
PL
Wprowadzenie. Podejmując refleksję wokół lasu, nad nim lub o nim, można dostrzec, że interesującą poznawczo perspektywą jest (roz)poznawanie go zarówno przez pryzmat relacji człowiek–natura, człowiek–przyroda, człowiek–las, jak i w perspektywie tworzenia się i pielęgnowania więzi międzyludzkich. W takim ujęciu ważnym kierunkiem myślenia staje się dostrzeżenie i (z)rozumienie lasu jako szczególnej przestrzeni rodzinnych relacji. W jaki sposób można zatem rozumieć las jako przestrzeń życia rodziny? Jak las może stawać się i być jej mikroświatem? Jakie znaczenie może mieć rodzinne doświadczanie lasu dla pielęgnowania więzi rodzinnych? Na te pytania będę poszukiwała odpowiedzi, odnosząc się do literatury przedmiotu oraz ukazując wybrane praktyki leśnych wypraw dla rodzin (praktyki „leśnego bycia”). W szerszej perspektywie przedstawione zagadnienia stanowią głos w dyskusji na temat edukacyjnego potencjału lasu, jego rozumienia jako przestrzeni całożyciowego uczenia się. Cel. Celem artykułu jest dostrzeżenie, opisanie i zrozumienie lasu jako miejsca/mikroświata rodziny. W takiej perspektywie nadrzędną kwestią jest ukazanie lasu (leśnego bycia) jako przestrzeni pogłębiania, pielęgnowania i wzmacniania więzi rodzinnych. Istotnym aspektem jest także dowartościowanie problematyki lasu (myślenia o lesie) w obszarze nauk społecznych. Materiały i metody. Analiza literatury przedmiotu oraz dokumentów dotyczących realizacji wybranych praktyk edukacyjnych. Analiza dokumentów zastanych. Wyniki. Przedstawione rozważania pozwalają dostrzec las jako mikroświat rodziny. W takim ujęciu rodzinne wyprawy do lasu, wspólne doświadczanie lasu przez członków rodziny stają się naturalnym procesem dla tworzenia się i pielęgnowania więzi – zarówno więzi z naturą, jak i więzi rodzinnych. Dynamicznie rozwijające się inicjatywy oraz propozycje edukacyjne dla rodzin (oparte na budowaniu więzi człowieka z naturą, pielęgnowaniu relacji międzypokoleniowych oraz idei uczenia się w lesie) pozwalają na rozumienie lasu jako miejsca, które wspiera współczesne rodziny w autentycznym byciu razem.
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