Search results - CEJSH

1

Wolność w liberalizmie a prawda o wolności

100%

Ślipko T.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 1

EN

The freedom, in Latin libertas, is the object of philosophical reflection since Plato. Yet as the determined philosophical direction it took the form of the „liberalism” on the turning point of the sixteenth and seventeenth century, represented by two philosophers: Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). Among contemporary scholars Isaiah Berlin is standing out. From his point of view the philosophical problem of the freedom should be examined in two aspects: the negative freedom i.e. the attribute of not hindered freedom in making choices and the positive freedom as opportunity of being the master of one’s own fate. The author of the article, after critical demonstrating the conception of liberalism, sketches the theory of freedom from the position of Christian ethics. As a starting point he takes the conception of man as a person whose rational activities take on the form of twofold freedom of choice. In the psychological aspect, this freedom assumes the ambivalent form of doing good or evil, however in the moral aspect it turns out to be freedom put in order by the hierarchy of objective moral values. In this meaning the freedom also organizes the whole free man's activity and becomes creative strength of his moral personal perfection. It also defines the crucial sense of Christian philosophical science of truth about freedom.

2

Pojem svobody u Thomase Hobbese

100%

Vacura M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 3

385-401

EN

The aim of this text is to show that, for Hobbes, the problem of freedom in the political sphere is of fundamental importance, and that it presents one of the central motifs of his political philosophy. The point of departure is Hobbes’s definition of the concept of freedom as the non-existence of external obstacles. Following this, the author turns to the concept of metaphysical freedom which Hobbes, as a determinist, rejects, and to the problem of the relation of fear and freedom, and thus, above all, to the question of to what extent fear of repression means a restriction of freedom. The following sections of the article bring into play the second significant concept of freedom to be found in Hobbes, freedom as exemption from laws, and the third concept of freedom, the freedom of the subject. In conclusion, attention is also given to the less important and derivative forms of freedom, that is, to freedom of expression and freedom of the state. At the same time, an enquiry is made into the question of whether, given the different definitions, Hobbes’s linking of these various conceptions of freedom is consistent and to what extent Hobbes succeeds in achieving the philosophical goals which he set himself.

3

Paradoksy „wolnej” teokracji – W. Sołowjow

100%

Krasicki J.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 1

37-53

EN

The study addresses the dilemmas inherent in the concept of ,,free theocracy'' as put forward by Vladimir Solovyov. Solovyov's theocratic ideas with ,,God-man'' are confronted with Fyodor Dostoevsky's conceptions. The author of the study argues that although Solovyov's ideal was an ambitious attempt to preserve crucial premises of the Christian world, it achieved the aim at the price of grave illusions concerning human freedom and ways of fulfilling the ideal, and therefore it was charged with a totalitarian potential. The author concludes that Solovyov's vision of worldwide theocracy cannot be called a successful project; despite that, his ideas may be approached as a challenge in the context of both the contemporary Russia's search for identity and serious dilemmas for the unifying Europe.

4

Antropologia wolności w filozofii Sartre’a i Lévinasa

87%

Błaszczyk M.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2016

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issue 13

77-87

EN

This paper sets out to outline the singular nature of the dimension of anthropology of freedom in the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Lévinas, the leading existentialists of the 20th century. It seems that the phenomenon of human freedom, one of the fundamental issues in philosophical anthropology, in particular in the humanist reflection, proves to be problematic when one seeks to elucidate it without ambiguity. This becomes even more difficult given that it prompts further momentous intellectual quandaries, mostly those concerned with the nature of the meaning of existence itself. The concepts advanced by Sartre and Lévinas – although they represent different visions of the human – undoubtedly provide much philosophical inspirationfor all kinds of reflection on the vital issue of freedom.

PL

This paper sets out to outline the singular nature of the dimension of anthropology of freedom in the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Lévinas, the leading existentialists of the 20th century. It seems that the phenomenon of human freedom, one of the fundamental issues in philosophical anthropology, in particular in the humanist reflection, proves to be problematic when one seeks to elucidate it without ambiguity. This becomes even more difficult given that it prompts further momentous intellectual quandaries, mostly those concerned with the nature of the meaning of existence itself. The concepts advanced by Sartre and Lévinas – although they represent different visions of the human – undoubtedly provide much philosophical inspiration for all kinds of reflection on the vital issue of freedom.

5

Freedom – a Special Sign of Youth Modern Education

85%

Stala J.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 2

PL

The author of the article struggles with a paradox: the post-modern age which views itself as pluralistic nonetheless appears to yearn for upbringing. At the beginning of XXI century, the dissonance between human development, full participation in a wide range of spiritual culture and a tendency to strictly technical education, oriented mainly on efficiency and profits appears in a full range. In this context it is important to educate young people in the responsible use of the gift of freedom. The author of this article presents freedom as a characteristic sign of youth education in the present century. He also shows the pluralism of values and upbringing aimed towards freedom. The author also underlines the Christian approach to freedom, understood as both a gift and a task received from God. Pedagogy of freedom is not a question of transmitting human knowledge, even of the highest kind; it is rather a question of responsibly communicating with God and people. God Himself used a pedagogy that must continue to be a model for the pedagogy of freedom.

6

Концепт «свобода» в современной русской лирике

80%

Graf A., Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen I. f. S.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Rossica

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2014

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vol. 07

EN

The article surveys the concepts of ‘freedom’ (“svoboda”) in contemporary Russian poetry and points out that there is no single understanding of it but a whole complex of approaches. While the concept of “svoboda” seems to have been absorbed by the bigger and therefore less concrete one, “volya”, a certain evolution of the former notion can be observed as well. At the beginning of the 20th century ‘freedom’ was associated with a heroic attitude, during the Thaw it became a term for a collective domestic separation, after perestroika and glasnost the poets started to look for freedom as individuals, having nothing or very little in common with the society. Over the last years a new kind of inner emigration has been evolving, combined with a tendency towards ostentatious indifference to ‘traditional’ values.

7

Dialogue and Involvement: A Blueprint for Human, Humane and Harmonious Relation Between African Americans and Africans

80%

Ogugua P. I.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2017

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vol. 29/2

EN

A scepter of revolution once on the sky has now engulfed human race. It is a revolution against love, truth, peace, happiness, in short everything that is good and beautiful. There is disunity everywhere. We all sit on the keg of gunpowder. The leaders of men think, though wrongly that diplomacy will do. If the pace and form of human relation is not properly handled, the human race will end in quagmire. We have to base human relations on natures' principles in order to ensure balance; remember nature abhors a vacuum. Africa is the cradle of humankind, civilization as such it is the onus of African sons and daughters everywhere to ensure that mankind survives. We lost grip of the sciences which led to the Seven Wonders of the World; but we can still reacquire these. Most importantly, values build men and civilization., it is the position of this paper to argue that the use of dialogue in relating with the other will do well to ensure a stable company and relationship, as it rhymes with the position of personalist philosophers, and some existentialists like Martin Buber, Gabriel Marcel, Heidegger, etc for dialogue will eventually lead to cooperation to 'active' involvement. The principles of dialogue, cooperation and involvement or activity will help in ensuring that knowledge and information are acquired, harnessed and used in a highly efficient way to free Africans from the clog of powerlessness in the comity of nations.

8

Materializm historyczny jako teoria realizacji wolności

80%

Wiśniewski T. R.

Nowa Krytyka

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2012

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issue 29

105-126

EN

The main aim of the text is to prove, how the Marxian effort to define the idea of a historical progress within the frames of Marx’ concept of materialism leads to the necessity of putting on the agenda the question of universal liberation of the human subject. The general standpoint is, that Marx’ historiosophical apparatus, generally defined as “historical materialism” leads with immanent necessity from one side – to the equation of the question about the essence of history with the question about its subject, from the other – as Marx leaves Hegelian “Kingdom of Spirit” and engages himself in the issues of material reproduction of human life, to the situation, when the problem of a real content of human emancipation situates itself in the centre of the scope. Presenting historical materialism as a theory of a real social revolution, the text stresses also the problems connected with the idea of “realization” of philosophy and its historical determinants, which make it the same time a theoretical achievement and a problematic program of real social movement; the history and the present day of this movement has for sure its foundations deeply rooted in the space of the debate, which was the first effort of summing up the experience of the Enlightment.

9

Geneza i rozwój koncepcji wolności gospodarczej w ujęciu historyczno-prawnym

80%

Kowalewski M.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2022

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issue 3 (39)

125-160

EN

The aim of the article is to define the concept of economic freedom, using the ideas of the most important representatives of this doctrine. The article refers to the chronology and development of the concept of economic freedom, as well as the evolution of the policy of economic freedom along with the specification of the legal foundations determining the status of economic freedom over the centuries. The author refers only to the most important concepts for the issue in question, focusing on: (1) issues related to economic law and economic freedom or (2) aspects relevant to it in a given period. The initial thesis of the research is that economic freedom policy is a dynamic area, as evidenced by the multitude of legal acts implemented or amended every few years. Where specific legal phenomena are studied and need to be qualified at the same time, reference has been made primarily to the existing stock of well-known institutions. Economic freedom is a topic that has been the subject of lively discussion for many years. At its core, at various times, there were difficulties in determining (defining) economic freedom and its position in a given state. The political transformations lasting hundreds of years have caused economic changes in the state, accompanied by legal problems. The issue of economic freedom is related to the formation of relations between various entities operating on the territory of the state, and especially to how the state as an institution relates to entrepreneurs. Economic freedom has a significant impact on modern states, often leading to a change in their organizational model. For this reason, questions arise: What is economic freedom? What was its evolution? What is the attitude of the state to economic freedom? To what extent is economic freedom de facto “freedom” and what does it mean?

10

Post-Kantian Perfectionism. A Study in the Political Thought of German Idealism, from Leibniz to Marx

80%

Moggach D.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 26

128-153

EN

This paper summarizes the major themes of my current monograph project and my recent co-edited volume on post-Kantian perfectionism. The central thesis is that Kant’s critique of rational heteronomy in the Groundwork effectively ruled out certain types of perfectionist ethics and their corresponding political applications, notably the programmes of Christian Wolff and his school, which were dominant in the German territories in the mid- to late eighteenth century. Kant’s critiques did not, however, preclude the emergence of a new type of perfectionism, no longer based on the state-sponsored promotion of eudaimonia or material, intellectual, and spiritual thriving, but on the advancement of freedom and the conditions for its exercise. Predicated on the idea of right, post-Kantian perfectionism focuses on maintaining and enhancing the juridical, political, and economic conditions for rightful interaction among self-defining individuals. Humboldt, Schiller, Fichte, Hegel, and the Hegelian School exemplify this new approach in different ways. Marx’s problematic relation to this tradition is outlined.

11

Indeterministic Temporal Logic

80%

Trzęsicki K.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2015

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vol. 42

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issue 1

139-162

EN

The questions od determinism, causality, and freedom have been the main philosophical problems debated since the beginning of temporal logic. The issue of the logical value of sentences about the future was stated by Aristotle in the famous tomorrow sea-battle passage. The question has inspired Łukasiewicz’s idea of many-valued logics and was a motive of A. N. Prior’s considerations about the logic of tenses. In the scheme of temporal logic there are different solutions to the problem. In the paper we consider indeterministic temporal logic based on the idea of temporal worlds and the relation of accessibility between them.

12

DAR WOLNOŚCI A WSPÓŁCZESNE FORMY ZNIEWOLENIA MŁODEGO CZŁOWIEKA

80%

ŁOBACZ M.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

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2018

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issue 1

277-285

EN

Freedom is a gift, but also a task. It is a value that binds a man to make intelligent choices in truth and love, respecting the dignity of a person. If a man uses freedom in a wrong way, cultivating their own desires, it comes to enslavement, and finally to the mutilation of humanity, which is the consequence of bad decisions and tragic choices. The first part of this article contains some terms of freedom, and then a problem of positive and negative freedom was shown. The highlight of these analyses is the presentation of selected contemporary forms of enslavement of the young man such as addictions, media, materialism or consumerism.

13

Freedom in music on the example of the works of Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis

80%

Humięcka-Jakubowska J.

Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology

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2019

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issue 19

81-94

EN

In her article titled Niebezpieczne związki, czyli o granicach wolności w sztuce i w życiu [Dangerous liaisons, or on the limits of freedom in art and life] Elżbieta Korolczuk (2013) claimsthat ‘the sense of personal freedom and independence from other people – not only in the senseof intellectual and aesthetic influences, but also familial and emotional ties – is often perceived asnecessary in order to create new, original works, to be a truly creative individual’. It is not difficult to find new and original works in the oeuvre of Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis and,paraphrasing the words of Maria Anna Potocka (2013) – it is thanks to them that ‘the world has moderniseditself and freed itself from outdated values’. In relation to creative work in music, this ‘senseof personal freedom and independence from other people‘ leads, on the one hand, to the ‘freedom ofmusic’ and, on the other, ensures achieving ‘freedom in music’. The aim of this discussion is to pointto those threads in the statements of Stockhausen and Xenakis, and those features of their works,which testify to the specific manifestations of the ‚‘freedom in music’ created by them.

14

Die deutsche FREIHEIT aus der kognitiven und diskurslinguistischen Perspektive

80%

Staniewski P.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2019

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issue 16

385-390

EN

In the review article the book of Elżbieta Pawlikowska-Asendrych Das Konzept der deutschen FREIHEIT im kognitiven Untersuchungsparadigma. Eine linguistische Diskursanalyse has been discussed. First, the interdisciplinary character of the reviewed publication has been pointed out. Further, the article considers the theoretical and empirical parts of the work.

15

KATOLICYZM A LIBERALIZM. RECEPCJA LIBERALIZMU NA ŁAMACH WSPÓŁCZESNEJ, POLSKIEJ PRASY KATOLICKIEJ (WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA)

80%

Tasak A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2014

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issue 4(12)

70-85 (16)

EN

The subject of the analysis was the reception of liberalism in selected Polish Catho-lic newspapers – chosen in the context of frequently discussed differences between Polish Catholic communities. After 1989, liberalism was treated as a threat in certain Catholic communities. However, it may be assumed that the criticism concerned the liberalism understood in its stereotypical form. Liberalism was frequently and deeply criticised in “Niedziela” and “Gość Niedzielny.” It was associated with all the imperfec-tion and evil of the contemporary world. The Catholic community related to, among others, “Tygodnik Powszechny” attempted to conduct a dialogue with representative liberal thinkers, frequently emphasising the positive aspects of the most significant liber-al principles. The analysis of contemporary Polish Catholic press confirms the fact that the disputes depicted in the previous decade are still valid. Moreover, it might even be concluded that the rhetoric has sharpened and the boundaries demarcating the Catholic communities in their attitudes to liberalism have become more pronounced.

16

Błąd teoretyzmu w aksjologii

80%

Niemczuk A.

Kultura i Wartości

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2012

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issue 3

7-33

EN

This article presents a new interpretation of and a new of justification for the theory of the naturalistic fallacy in axiology. According to this interpretation the lack of inference between descriptive language and valuing language is caused by the fact that valuing language is practical, whilst descriptive language is theoretical. Between theory and practice there is freedom which constitutes a lacuna in inference logic. The so-called naturalistic fallacy is presented in this article as the fallacy of theoreticism. This new interpretation is preceded by a critical analysis of the theories of D. Hume, I. Kant and G. E. Moore, concerning the question of the naturalistic fallacy.The final part of the article contains a critique of J. Searle’s reasoning which he advanced against the theory of naturalistic fallacy.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia nową interpretację i nowe uzasadnienie teorii błędu naturalistycznego w aksjologii. Wedle tej interpretacji brak wynikania między językiem deskryptywnym a wartościującym jest spowodowany tym, że język wartościujący jest praktyczny, podczas gdy deskryptywny jest teoretyczny. Pomiędzy teorią a praktyką jest zaś usytuowana wolność, która stanowi lukę w wynikaniu logicznym. Tzw. błąd naturalistyczny jest więc w artykule przedstawiony jako błąd teoretyzmu. Ta nowa interpretacja jest poprzedzona krytyczną analizą koncepcji D. Hume’a, I. Kanta i G. E. Moore’a, dotyczących kwestii błędu naturalistycznego. Końcowa część artykułu zawiera krytykę argumentacji, jaką J. Searle wysunął przeciwko teorii błędu naturalistycznego.

17

Odpowiedzialność niesienia pomocy a pomoc odpowiedzialna

80%

Mizdrak I.

Prakseologia

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2012

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issue 153

67-85

EN

The subject of the present study is help; the foremost ontological condition of its realization (besides intellectual disposition, ethical qualiﬁcations, love and others) is responsibility, which constitutes a person’s humanity and thereby makes a unique contribution to the formation of his/her inner structure. Through responsible help we can perform genuine acts of mercy towards our neighbour and carry a small part of his/ her personal fate. The aim of the study is to reﬁne the concept of responsible help and to indicate its several modes in the formation of a person’s humanity. The essence of responsible help is investigated; it presupposes rationality of action, prudence in doing good, and freedom as the fundamental condition of conscious response to values. The reﬁnement of the concept of responsible help is based on the analyses of the virtues of muniﬁcence and magnanimity (Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas) and generosity (J.Tischner). Despite their complex nature, these virtues are deﬁnable through an analysis of instances of appropriate help to others.

18

The Social Functions of “Solidarity”

80%

Kurczewski J.

Polish Sociological Review

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2006

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vol. 153

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issue 1

111-128

EN

The paper from 1981 on the social functions of “Solidarity” is re-published and commented from the 2006 perspective. In the original paper five pairs of the opposed functions were discussed: 1) activation vs. totalisation; 2) unification vs. polarization; 3) civilization of the opponent vs. demystification of the opponent; 4) non-egalitarian egalitarianisation; and 5) institutionalization of the change. In 2006 the author observes the continuing social function of the “Solidarity,” again the conflicting way, as the positive myth that more and more serves as normative reference in current political debates, and as the real political actor that compromised itself through the active participation in politics. The significance of the old functions is discussed in reference to the complexity of non-egalitarian egalitarianism that seems to undermine the whole transformation since 1989 and went to the fore today. The value of the “dialectical functionalism” is thus reasserted.

19

K charakterizaci anarchismu 19. století prostřednictvím jeho vybraných osobností

80%

Tomek V.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2018

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vol. 104

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issue 3

487-515

EN

In the second half of the 19th century, anarchism presents itself in certain characteristic signs and manifestations. Although the representatives of anarchism themselves willingly emphasize the originality of their ideas and their resistance to doctrine, their ideas come closer in the radical critique of economic and social relations, in the criticism of the Church and religion, as well as the sharp criticism of the other political parties, but at the same time they differ in their individual accents of their negation of the existing circumstances. The anarchistic level of their critique leads them from individual negation all the way to demands for a radical transformation of society, to different ideas about the nature of revolutionary behaviour, and the character of revolutionary change. From there, various forms and concepts of the future “post-revolution” society, visions of the anticipated freedom, on the character of the new social relations developed. For the characterization of the anarchism of the given period, the personalities of its French representative Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin, the former German MP Johann Most, the original scientist Peter Kropotkin and the university educated German socialist Gustav Landauer and the entirely differently thinking Young Hegelian Max Stirner were chosen.

20

Znaczenie poznania prawdy w Duchu Świętym w procesie wyzwolenia w ujęciu ks. F. Blachnickiego

80%

Mikulski J.

Studia Pastoralne

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2021

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vol. 17

122-138

EN

Speaking about the role of knowing the truth in the liberation process, Fr. Blachnicki emphasized the experience of God’s action that brings liberation through Jesus Christ in the Holy Spirit. According to him, freedom in its deepest essence is dependence – however, it is a dependence that has been voluntarily accepted. For the human will is free only in so far as it consciously chooses what reason reveals as truth and value. The perfection of man and his liberation consists in the inner harmony between the will and the truth that has been recognized; therefore, no one can deprive a man of freedom but himself when he closes himself off to love and truth. A person who voluntarily surrenders his/her life to the truth he/she has recognized remains free even in the face of the greatest danger. The experience of freedom awakens in man a desire to serve and live for others, above all in matters concerning their salvation. Such existence, which is pro-existence, is possible for man in the Holy Spirit. Nature contaminated by sin focuses man on his own ”self”, while the Holy Spirit pours into his heart the dynamics of love, which consists in having himself in self-giving. The more one submits oneself to the Holy Spirit, the more fully one realizes one’s call to freedom as a child of God.

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