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Forum Oświatowe
|
2016
|
vol. 28
|
issue 2(56)
115-126
PL
Artykuł przedstawia fenomenologiczne ujęcie uczenia się, w którym uczenie się rozumiane jest jako doświadczenie edukacyjne, oraz omawia jego implikacje dla praktyki pedagogicznej i dydaktycznej w czasach (późnej) nowoczesności. Autorka zastanawia się również, jak badać doświadczenia edukacyjne uczniów w środowisku szkolnym. Pokazuje też na konkretnych przykładach, że winietki i krótkie historyjki to użyteczne narzędzia badawcze pozwalające uchwycić doświadczenia edukacyjne in medias.
EN
The article introduces a phenomenological understanding of learning – learning as an educational experience – and its implications for pedagogical practice and teaching in the (late) modern age. It also leads to the question of how to investigate learners’ educational experiences in school settings. Examples of vignettes and anecdotes are shown as suitable research instruments to capture educational experiences in medias res and in mathesis memorata.
EN
The objective of this study was to examine which educational experiences in general education impact on the student’s learning outcomes. The survey included 1,201 students in South Korea. Hierarchical multiple regressions were used. The result showed that educational experiences in general education demonstrated greater predictive power for the student’s learning outcomes than individual and institutional characteristics. However, not all educational experiences positively predicted learning outcomes. Educators are advised to improve general education towards better educational experiences in a way that encourages teaching higherorder thinking, evaluation and feedback, and active class participation.
EN
The basic determinant of a public school as a social and educational environment should be the promotion of social inclusion and cohesion. In most countries of the European Union, religious instruction is a subject of school education. These countries adopt different models in terms of legal legitimacy, organization and curriculum. The idea of introducing religion as a compulsory subject appeared in Poland. Non-public schools, i.e. a school run by social, religious or privat units, have the right to special curricular solutions. A public school, i.e. a school free of charge and available to every student, regardless of their worldview, should conduct religious education in the spirit of dialogue and social cohesion as an element of general education. This article presents a comparative analysis of religious education in public schools from the perspective of the relationship between religious particularism and general education. I assume that in individual countries both religious particularism and general education may be defined differently in the context of school education.
4
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Edukacja dla rozwoju człowieka

89%
EN
The article constitutes a short revision of the views of the philosopher Martha Nussbaum concerning general education at American and European universities. Economic changes in developed countries resulted in the fact that governments of many states see the education of students on humanistic and social specializations as unproductive for the economy and a burden for the budget. The presentation of the Nussbaum position on formal education introduces a new cognitive element into the debate which is conducted also in Poland, and is regarding the kind and form of education of students in higher education institutions.
PL
Artykuł stanowi krótką rewizję poglądów filozofki Marthy Nussbaum, dotyczących kształcenia ogólnego na uniwersytetach amerykańskich i europejskich. Zmiany gospodarcze w krajach rozwiniętych spowodowały, że rządy wielu państw postrzegają kształcenie studentów na kierunkach humanistycznych i społecznych za bezproduktywne dla gospodarki i zbyt obciążające dla budżetu. Przedstawienie stanowiska Nussbaum wobec edukacji formalnej wprowadza nowy element poznawczy do debaty, która toczy się również w Polsce, a dotyczy rodzaju i formy kształcenia studentów na uczelniach wyższych.
EN
The educational system of Lithuania has undergone transformation conditioned by the radical change of the political situation in the region after the restoration of independence on March 11, 1990. The new educational system was gradually developed, changing and denying the former Soviet educational framework. The main goal of the new educational system is to provide education compatible with the newly applicable international standards and create an effective network of schools. The article aims to present an overview of the reform of the institutional system of general education of Lithuania that began in 1988 and was to be completed in September 2015; however, the completion of the reform was recently postponed until September 2017. The article also reviews key challenges to the reform implementation and discusses the compatibility of the reform with societal expectations and standards of international educational law.
EN
In Latvia, the issues of career education are most often addressed by school teachers. In 2003, the Standards of Teacher Profession adopted by the Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia provided the list of teachers' duties, tasks, and specific skills. One of such skills is to help pupils to understand the professional activities and to teach them career planning. This issue is given insufficient attention in teacher professional education. The article aims to use the context of sustainable education to analyze the activities carried out within the National Program Project Career Education Activity Provision in the System of Education co-financed by the European Social Fund. The questionnaires were designed to determine the needs for teacher education in relation to learner's career education. The data were obtained from in-service teachers (N=228) involved in career advising activities for their pupils in all regions of Latvia and were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results approve and elaborate on a necessity of integrating career education issues in the teacher education curriculum.
EN
Increasingly, students with a variety of disabilities are being included in general education settings; however, many of these students have academic, behavioral, and social challenges that can interfere with their participation and performance. Teachers and school professionals supporting students with disabilities need effective and efficient strategies that can improve student outcomes. This paper describes a set of six domains of research-supported practices that can be implemented to support students. These practices are organized using the acronym STRIVE: Social supports, Teaching practices, Rewards and motivation, Independence, Visual supports, and Engagement. We include examples of how these practices can be used class-wide to support all students, and how they can be adapted to support specific students with disabilities. Practitioner-friendly applications and resources are included to support implementation within school settings.
EN
Finding a balance between a centralised and decentralised curricular policy for general education and seeing teachers as autonomous agents of curriculum development is a recurrent issue in many countries. Radical reforms bring about the need to investigate whether and to what extent different parties – and first of all, teachers – are ready to accept and internalise the new policies and roles as curriculum leaders to ensure the sustainability of curriculum development. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a questionnaire for investigating Estonian teachers’ curricular work and preferences and to introduce the results of its piloting. The main topics covered by the questionnaire are teachers’ experience and autonomy in using and developing curricula, their preparation for curriculum development and preferences and expectations for the best curricular solutions. The developed questionnaire can be used for investigating teachers’ curricular work and preferences in different national contexts, thus enabling comparative studies across countries with different practices regarding curriculum policy.
EN
The article deals with issues concerning the pedagogical aims of studying traditional humanities in present realities of Polish society, which at the end of the 20th century overthrew communism. The new political and civilization conditions have caused major social changes that require a new approach to the humanities. Meanwhile, in Poland there is still a traditional and conservative cult of national identity and heritage, which prevents the development of an open society based on cultural tolerance and understanding of the differences that separate us from the West and other cultures. Humanities should be an academic tool for shaping an individual and creative personality and not for preserving national cultural and historical mythology. Such social pedagogy leads to a closed society oriented towards the past and not towards modernity. An educational policy that promotes this attitude treats cultural heritage as a tool of political control over society. In our times, humanities consist in discovering and interpreting the world around us and in forming an independent thinking. Literature, philosophy and other liberal arts cannot be just a sterile studying of a dead tradition.
PL
Autor artykułu przedstawia zarys kształcenia ogólnego i ogólnotechnicznego w systemie szkolnym kantonu Fryburg. W pierwszej części dokonuje krótkiej charakterystyki struktury systemu szkolnego, w drugiej przybliża czytelnikowi wybrane wątki związane z edukacją ogólnotechniczną.
EN
The author of the article outlines the general and general technical education in the school system of the above mentioned canton. In the first part, he briefly describes the structure of the school system. In the second part, he brings the leader closer to selected threads related to general technical education.
11
75%
EN
The article deals with issues present in the humanities undergoing the changes due to rhetorization of contemporary culture. First I am discussing the impact of the variability of modern culture on traditional humanities (new methodology and new theory of science based on a rhetorical approach to the text and its symbolic and ideological meaning). This caused the great development of various rhetorical studies in the 20th century (from philosophy of language to practical art of speaking and argumentation). In our time, those studies answer the questions: 1) why and for what reasons do we depend on other people's views? 2) how can we exert a positive influence by text communication on other individuals? Therefore, nowadays we are seeing a new rhetorical trend in communication studies concerning all the culture texts – this trend also affects literary studies and cultural anthropology: academic disciplines which adopt the research tools of the traditional and new rhetorical workshop. This new attitude towards the humanities has an impact on general education at schools and universities.
PL
Na początku artykułu przedstawiono zwięzłą charakterystykę kantonu. Następnie autor dokonał krótkiego opisu funkcjonującego w tym kantonie systemu szkolnego. W trzeciej części opracowania przybliża czytelnikowi wybrane aspekty edukacji ogólnotechnicznej realizowane głównie przez przedmiot Textiles und Technisches Gestalten. Słowa
EN
The article starts with a concise representation of the canton. Then, the authors hortly describes its schooling system. The third part focuses on chosen aspects of general education covered mostly on „textile and technical design” clas
13
75%
PL
Autor artykułu dokonuje zwięzłego omówienia zmian zachodzących w austriackim systemie szkolnym. W pierwszej jego części przedstawia krótki rys historyczny tego systemu. W drugiej części przybliża Czytelnikowi wybrane wątki zmian będących wynikiem reformy szkolnej.
XX
The author of the article elaborates on the changes that take place in the Austrian school system. In the first part he presents a historical overview of the system. In the second part he brings the reader closer to some of the changes resulting from the school reform.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę porównania wybranych czynników związanych z uczeniem się uczniów szkół ogólnokształcących i zawodowych. W badaniach uczestniczyło stu uczniów.
EN
Comparative analysis of learning process among comprehensive and trade school pupils
EN
The interest to human health was confirmed by a great amount of famous scientists, representatives of different branches of science – philosophy, sociology, physiology, medicine, psychology, pedagogy who conducted researches about human’s health. This interest is caused by real deterioration of physical, mental, intellectual and moral health, especially among young generation. Research suggests that human health depends on way of life and level of health culture. The purpose of this article is to form a health-saving culture among the students of pedagogical universities, because they have a great influence on pupils’ health, much more than representatives of other professions. To achieve the objectives we used the following methods: theoretical analysis and summary of scientific literature about this problem, observation, questioning and testing. The article analyzed pedagogical experience of health-keeping in educational process; it was found out that throughout the history of the university teachers’ training emphasis in the education and training of young people was given to health and in educational plans and programs of education – its preservation and augmentation. The work reveals the meaning of “students’ health-saving culture” that is an integrative, dynamic self education, represented by the set of structurally and functionally interrelated and interdependent components that define the possibility of health-keeping in socially important purposes. It is determined that health-saving culture of students is successfully formed under the terms of the educational process at pedagogical universities, the ideas of health culture creating and qualified participation in educational process by studying the discipline “Physical Education”, intensifying physical preparation and use of interdisciplinary connections are substantiated. Results of the study revealed the level of students’ knowledge about healthy lifestyle, appropriate skills needed for successful implementation of health-protecting training; proved the need for creating a students’ health-saving culture at pedagogical universities, because in modern conditions only high level of health-saving culture can provide hygiene activities of the future teachers
EN
The results of the experimental work are to clarify the mechanisms of self-efficiency in the educational process of the school. The study is the implementation in practice of educational institution the structural components that are based on self-organization of the students and their parents and experimental substantiation of their activity. During the study the following methods were used: the methods of theoretical modeling – to build innovative organizational components of secondary schools; physical fitness tests – to determine the health rating of the pupils; screening questionnaire state of health of adolescents; teacher testing to determine the level of formation of competence of the individual component physical training adolescents; pedagogical experiment. The innovative components (bodies of sports self-adolescents and their parents) that were tested in the experiment are in close relationship with the government in education (pedagogical councils, student associations (councils (Senate), sport club), methodical associations of the teachers and the administration of secondary schools. It was also implemented algorithm to realize the educational objectives of the school. According to it the task of society associated with the formation of a healthy younger generation directs the administration of secondary schools (according to the Law of Ukraine «On General Secondary Education») and family parents (according to the «Family Code of Ukraine»). Further tasks are directed not only to the teachers of physical education and a teacher, as in a traditional school, but also to the pupils (according to age) and their parents (within the competence). It is established that public authorities sports movement adolescents (bodies of sports self) positively affect the state of physical fitness and the formation of personal physical training of the teenagers and helps to prevent psychosomatic disorders in adolescents and can overcome the negative trend at the level of formation physical education and raise the level of conscious attitude to the teenagers by means of physical training and active leisure. In order to clarify the correlation interdependence of the studied parameters («health rating» of complaints about the level of personal well-being and physical training) and developed organizational and pedagogical technologies, as well as the contribution of each of them in the terms of improving the physical education of adolescents in leisure activity, There is a need for thorough mathematical analysis.
PL
Tekst ten podejmuje problematykę zależności rozwoju człowieka od jakości edukacji oraz kontekstu społeczno-kulturowego i cywilizacyjnego, w którym przebiegają procesy edukacyjne. Autor upomina się o konieczność realizacji edukacji pełnej, wielostronnej, holistycznej i humanistycznej, która jest w stanie kształtować człowieka „całkowitego”, „harmonijnego”, wydobywającego ze swego psychosomatycznego i społeczno-kulturowego potencjału możliwie wszystkie swe autentycznie ludzkie właściwości, a równocześnie „pełnomocnego”. Takie spojrzenie na realizację procesu edukacyjnego stanowi odpowiedź na dokonującą się dziś jednostronną edukację, zdominowaną tendencjami pragmatycznymi, utylitarnymi, która daleka jest od realizacji idei pełnego rozwoju człowieka.
EN
In this text the author presents problematic aspect of dependence between human’s development and quality of education as well as the sociocultural context, in which educational processes are being realised. The author draws attention to the need of general, holistic and humanistic education, which would make us able to form a “complete”, “harmonious” human, who extracts all his altruistic features from his semantic psyche and sociocultural potential. At the same time the harmonious human becomes the “plenipotentiary” human. Such a point of view on educational process is the answer to present one-sided education, determined by pragmatic tendencies, which is clearly far from realisation of general human development.
EN
One of the components of the management activity essence of the educational institution manager is financial and economic activity. It is necessary to single out head issues related to the school and all its subsystems functioning, school building adjacent territory maintenance and teaching team and auxiliary staff activity. At present, the scale and complexity of the activities are defined by self funding and self support of an educational establishment, its external relations, as well as the implementation of financial and business needs the manager has to possess special knowledge and skills, provide scientifically-based approach to the process of administration. Financial and economic activity of educational establishment manager is further complicated by extraordinary social and economic crisis in our country. So we see it urgent to study the experience of educational institutions managers who have managed successfully financial and economic activity under difficult socio-economic conditions. A. Makarenko is such a leader. The urgency of the problems raised in the article led to the definition of the purpose of this article, which was as follows: based on the study and analysis of the heritage of A. Makarenko according to the research of his works, archival research results, research materials reveal the essence of financial and economic activity of A. Makarenko. The chronological boundaries of the study: 1920-1928 – period of A. Makarenko’s management of laborcamp named after M. Gorky. As a result, the study was able to determine that the financial and economic activity of A. Makarenko in the specified chronological boundaries was aimed at providing educational process in terms of logistical arrangement of an institution, satisfying personal physical, moral and psychological needs of inmates and facility staff to achieve educational goals. The author concludes that the effectiveness of financial and economic activity of A. Makarenko became possible by saving, rational use of financial, material and human resources, motivation of the members of the labour camp and also business activities in solving financial problems.
PL
Omawiane w artykule zjawisko analfabetyzmu funkcjonalnego odnosić możemy wyłącznie do efektów tzw. wykształcenia ogólnego, powszechnego wykształcenia ludzi dorosłych.
EN
The illusory illiteracy phenomenon discussed in the article can be referred only to the so-called General education, general education of adults.
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyze the content of professional and practical training of future specialists on the example of teacher training in specialty 014 “Secondary education. English language and foreign literature” of Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University. A review of the scientific literature was carried out, which shows that many scientists were engaged in the study of the problem of training a philology teacher in Ukraine. The interpretation of the concepts “training”, “teacher training”, “professional training of a philology teacher”, “professional training of a foreign language teacher” by various scientists was analyzed. The concept of “teacher of philological specialties” is analyzed. The definition of the concept of “professional training of a philology teacher” is given. The concept of training a philology teacher in dual majors, training future teachers of humanities majors is analyzed. The article states that the training of future English language teachers consists of three cycles: general education, professional training and three types of pedagogical practice. In turn, the first two cycles are divided into two parts: educational disciplines of the normative and variable part. The article analyzes in detail the curriculum of specialty 014 “Secondary education. English language and foreign literature” for 2023/2024 academic year. In particular, the disciplines of general and professional training are indicated, the percentage of study time allocated to the study of educational disciplines of the normative and variable part of the cycle of professional training is calculated. A large list of elective subjects that students have the right to choose for their major is presented. A conclusion was made about the balanced professional and practical language training of philology teachers in Ukraine due to the successful distribution of study time for the study of the main philological and methodical disciplines. Optional educational disciplines in the variable part significantly enrich the curriculum and, accordingly, contribute to positive dynamics in the knowledge of students of higher education in specialty 014 “Secondary education. English language and foreign literature”. The analysis of the curriculum for the training of teachers of English language and foreign literature confirmed thorough training in general and special philological disciplines.
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