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The Outlaw Machine, the Monstrous Outsider and Motorcycle Fetishists: Challenging Rebellion, Mobility and Masculinity in Kenneth Anger’s Scorpio Rising and Steven Spielberg’s Duel

100%

Boczkowska K.

Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture

2019

issue 9

81-99

The paper analyzes the ways in which Kenneth Anger’s Scorpio Rising (1963) and Steven Spielberg’s Duel (1971) draw on and challenge selected road movie conventions by adhering to the genre’s traditional reliance on cultural critique revolving around the themes of rebellion, transgression and roguery. In particular, the films seem to confront the classic road movie format through their adoption of nomadic narrative structure and engagement in a mockery of subversion where the focus on social critique is intertwined with a deep sense of alienation and existential loss “laden with psychological confusion and wayward angst” (Laderman 83). Following this trend, Spielberg’s film simultaneously depoliticizes the genre and maintains the tension between rebellion and tradition where the former shifts away from the conflict with conformist society to masculine anxiety, represented by middle class, bourgeois and capitalist values, the protagonist’s loss of innocence in the film’s finale, and the act of roguery itself. Meanwhile, Anger’s poetic take on the outlaw biker culture, burgeoning homosexuality, myth and ritual, and violence and death culture approaches the question of roguery by undermining the image of a dominant hypermasculinity with an ironic commentary on sacrilegious and sadomasochistic practices and initiation rites in the gay community. Moreover, both Duel’s demonization of the truck, seen as “an indictment of machines” or the mechanization of life (Spielberg qtd. in Crawley 26), and Scorpio Rising’s (homo)eroticization of a motorcycle posit elements of social critique, disobedience and nonconformity within a cynical and existential framework, hence merging the road movie’s traditional discourse with auteurism and modernism.

Independent Film for Solidarity of Traumas in the Cinema of Turkey

84%

Edemen F.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

2021

issue 116 Kino i tożsamośc społeczna

6-21

Michael Rothberg introduced the concept of multidirectional memory in Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization (2009). Later, many other scholars used his idea to analyze works of art, including films. Although multidirectional memory generally focuses on the possibility of establishing solidarity between memories/traumas that are geographically or culturally distant from each other, in this article it will be argued that this concept is also crucial within coexisting multicultural and multitraumatic societies. The concept of multidirectional memory, and subsequently concepts such as travelling memory and postmemory, will be examined through the analysis of an independent production from Turkey, Özcan Alper’s film Future Lasts Forever (Gelecek Uzun Sürer, 2011). With the help of critical film analysis, the multidirectional memory of Turkey’s traumatic past will be discussed as an opportunity to practice solidarity.

Pojęcie pamięci wielokierunkowej zostało wprowadzone przez Michaela Rothberga w 2009 r. w pracy Pamięć wielokierunkowa. Pamiętanie Zagłady w epoce dekolonizacji. Później zaś wielu innych badaczy wykorzystywało tę koncepcję do analizy dzieł sztuki, w tym także filmów. Choć dotyczy ona przede wszystkim kwestii możliwości ustanowienia solidarności między pamięcią czy traumą wspólnot odległych od siebie geograficznie i kulturowo, w tekście autorka zaznacza, jak kluczową rolę odgrywa to pojęcie w przypadku społeczności wielokulturowych oraz dotkniętych różnorodnymi traumami. Kategoria pamięci wielokulturowej, a w ślad za nią także koncepcja pamięci wędrującej czy postpamięci, są analizowane w kontekście niezależnego tureckiego filmu Future Lasts Forever (Gelecek Uzun Sürer, 2011) w reżyserii Özcana Alpera. Krytyczna refleksja na temat filmu pozwala ukazać wielokierunkową pamięć traumatycznej przeszłości Turcji jako szansę na rzeczywiste budowanie solidarności.

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1 Kwartalnik Filmowy

1 Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture

1 Boczkowska K.

1 Edemen F.

1 2021

1 2019

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The Outlaw Machine, the Monstrous Outsider and Motorcycle Fetishists: Challenging Rebellion, Mobility and Masculinity in Kenneth Anger’s Scorpio Rising and Steven Spielberg’s Duel

Independent Film for Solidarity of Traumas in the Cinema of Turkey