Search results

1

Processing of Words Related to the Demands of a Previously Solved Problem

100%

Kowalczyk M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2014

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vol. 45

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issue 2

179-191

EN

Earlier research by the author brought about findings suggesting that people in a special way process words related to demands of a problem they previously solved, even when they do not consciously notice this relationship. The findings concerned interference in the task in which the words appeared, a shift in affective responses to them that depended on sex of the participants, and impaired memory of the words. The aim of this study was to replicate these effects and to find out whether they are related to working memory (WM) span of the participants, taken as a measure of the individual’s ability to control attention. Participants in the experimental group solved a divergent problem, then performed an ostensibly unrelated speeded affective classification task concerning each of a series of nouns, and then performed an unexpected cued recall task for the nouns. Afterwards, a task measuring WM span was administered. In the control group there was no problem-solving phase. Response latencies for words immediately following problem-related words in the classification task were longer in the experimental than in the control group, but there was no relationship between this effect and WM span. Solving the problem, in interaction with sex of the participants and, independently, with their WM span, influenced affective responses to problem-related words. Recall of these words, however, was not impaired in the experimental group.

2

Low-level motor inhibition in children: Evidence from the negative compatibility effect

100%

Schlaghecken F., Sisman R.

Advances in Cognitive Psychology

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2006

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vol. 2

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issue 1

7-19

EN

The masked prime task was used to investigate low-level inhibitory motor control processes in two groups of children (7-8 years and 11-12 years) and in older adolescents/young adults (16-23 years). Masked prime stimuli, presented below the level of conscious awareness, systematically affected reaction times (RTs) to subsequent supraliminal target stimuli: RTs were longer when prime and target were mapped to the same response than when they were mapped to different responses. This negative compatibility effect did not differ significantly between age groups, consistent with the hypothesis that the underlying low-level inhibition processes are already fully developed in children as young as seven years of age. In contrast, performance differences between response repetition and response alternation trials were significantly larger in children, consistent with the hypothesis that higher-level control processes are less effective in children. Results provide converging evidence that whereas the latter processes are mediated by late-maturing (prefrontal cortical) areas, the former processes are mediated by earlier-maturing (possibly subcortical) structures.

3

The negative compatibility effect: A case for self-inhibition

100%

Schlaghecken F., Rowley L., Sembi S., Simmons R., Whitcomb D.

Advances in Cognitive Psychology

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2007

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vol. 3

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issue 1-2

227-240

EN

In masked priming, a briefly presented prime stimulus is followed by a mask, which in turn is followed by the task-relevant target. Under certain conditions, negative compatibility effects (NCEs) occur, with impaired performance on compatible trials (where prime and target indicate the same response) relative to incompatible trials (where they indicate opposite responses). However, the exact boundary conditions of NCEs, and hence the functional significance of this effect, are still under discussion. In particular, it has been argued that the NCE might be a stimulus-specific phenomenon of little general interest. This paper presents new findings indicating that the NCE can be obtained under a wider variety of conditions, suggesting that it reflects more general processes in motor control. In addition, evidence is provided suggesting that prime identification levels in forced choice tasks - usually employed to estimate prime visibility in masked prime tasks - are affected by prior experience with the prime (Exp. 1) as well as by direct motor priming (Exp. 2 & 3).

4

Globalización y español intercultural

88%

Fuentes González A. D.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2013

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vol. 12

87-107

EN

The actual process of the electronic-financial globalisation requires a certain symbolic uniformity, which, in turn, needs languages, even in the most marginal way, although generally this globalised system tends to consider them as a ballast. From the perspective of this symbolic platform, we can talk about the Global Glasshouse, with thin and transparent sides, from/to which one can be expulsed and/or admitted. Languages, thanks to their constitutive malleability, accommodate themselves to this big glasshouse. For that reason, we can say that the intercultural Spanish language as a communicative breath can cushion an unreal-speculative globalisation, which, however, is meant to have ability to (re)convert languages – despite all its initial restrictions – into a permanently exchangeable merchandise within the flow of the symbolic market.

5

Attentional Control and Retrieval Induced Forgetting Self-regulation Perspective

88%

Kolańczyk A., Reszko M., Mordasiewicz P.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

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issue 1

56-69

EN

Retrieval Induced Forgetting (RIF) refers to the fi nding that the retrieval of some items from memory (RP+) impairs the retrieval of related items (RP-). The RIF effect is indicated by a comparison of RP- with unrelated but also tobe- remembered items (NRP). Since RIF appears during intentional memorizing of words, therefore we checked whether it depends on attentional control (AC) involved in goal maintenance, and also if implicit evaluations of to-be-remembered (RP) contents moderate this process (causing e.g. inhibition). In three experiments, each including AC as the independent variable, we found AC to be related to the RIF effect. Only high but not low AC subjects showed the presence of RIF. The results of the affective priming procedure showed that implicit evaluations of NRP items moderate the relationship of high AC and the RIF effect. The explanation why temporarily devaluated NRP could enhance the RIF effect and suggestion concerning future research summarize the article.

6

Basic competencies and a child’s success. A program of the Executive Functions Development Stimulation

63%

Wacławowicz B.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2018

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vol. 55(13)

213-221

EN

School performance and also further life and career successes depend on the development of executive functioning. The development of executive functions has a greater influence on school readiness than intelligence quotient or a preliminary level of mathematical or reading skills. The article presents the program of the Executive Functions Development Stimulation, which aims to support the child in the area of basic competencies connected with the process of learning and problem-solving capacities. The program is based on an innovative concept of working with children using the method of Executive Functions Integration, which employs an innovative tool – interactive floor.

7

Profilowa analiza dysfunkcji wykonawczych w diagnostyce neuropsychologicznej osób po udarze mózgu

63%

Jodzio K., Biechowska D., Szurowska E., Gąsecki D.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2012

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vol. 15

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issue 3

83-100

PL

Dysfunkcje wykonawcze stanowią stosunkowo nową kategorę diagnostyczną, która obejmuje róźnorakie objawy dezorganizacji zachowania, takie jak utrata umiejętności planowania, inicjowania i kontrolowania podjętych działań. Jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn dysfunkcji wykonawczych jest udar mózgu. W badaniach wzięło udział 43 pacjentów, którzy rozwiązywali pięć zadań przeznaczonych do oceny ogólnej sprawności myślenia problemowego (Test Sortowania Kart z Wisconsin), przełączania uwagi (Test Łączenia Punktów, Test Kontrolowanego Kojarzenia Wyrazów – Fluencji Słownej), samokontroli hamującej reakcje konfliktowe (Test Interferencji Nazw i Kolorów – Stroopa, wystandaryzowane zadanie kontroli motorycznej). Pacjentów przydzielono do trzech podgrup różniących się lokalizację ogniska uszkodzenia mózgu. U wszystkich osób zawał ograniczał się jedynie do przednich, jedynie tylnych bądź jedynie podkorowych części mózgu (głównie prążkowia, wzgórza i / lub torebki wewnętrznej) według oceny topografii uszkodzeń wykrytych za pomocą TK i / lub MR. Zbadano również 25 osób zdrowych. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że: (a) zaburzenia wykonawcze po udarze mózgu były zróżnicowane pod względem nasilenia, jak i rodzaju; (b) zaburzona w stopniu najgłębszym okazała się zdolność hamowania automatycznych reakcji ruchowych; (c) pacjenci z uszkodzeniem płatów czołowych lub uszkodzeniem struktur podkorowych mózgu mieli więcej problemów z kontrolowaniem reakcji słownych i ruchowych niż pacjenci z uszkodzeniem części tylnej mózgu; (d) analiza profilowa (czyli analiza wzorca wyników całego badania) jest bardzo przydatna w diagnostyce intraindywidualnie heterogenicznych funkcji wykonawczych. Na przykład stwierdzono silny związek między stopniem dysharmonii wyników testowych a ogólnym nasileniem zaburzeń wykonawczych.

EN

Executive dysfunction (ExD) is a relatively common new diagnostic entity, which includes variety of symptoms of disorganized behavior, such as loss of ability to programming, initiating, and con-trolling ongoing actions. One of the most common origin of ExD is ischaemic stroke. Forty-three patients following unilateral hemispheric stroke were submitted to five tasks of executive functions, which is believed to measure an overall flexibility of problem solving (Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test), ability to switch of attention (Trail Making Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test), and inhibitory control processes (Stroop Color-Word Test, go/no-go task). Subjects were divided into three anatomically-defined groups. The area of structural damage was limited entirely to the respec-tive frontal lobe, subcortical region (mostly striatum, thalamus, and/or internal capsule) or posterior (non-frontal) cortices. All brain lesions were verified by CT or MR scan. Also, 25 healthy subjects took part in the study. Results showed: (a) patients’ group manifested variety of ExD which were heterogeneous with respect to severity and character, (b) the most severe deficit was disinhibition of automatic response in go/no-go task, (c) the patients with frontal or subcortical lesions had more difficulties controlling (inhibiting) ongoing verbal and motor responses than the patients with posterior cerebral lesions, (d) utility of profile-based analysis (pattern analysis of test scores) was emphasized in diagnosis of intraindividual heterogeneity in executive functioning after stroke. For instance, a strong association was found between extent of intraindividual differences of test scores and the overall severity of ExD.

8

Natura, mechanizmy neurofizjologiczne i zmiany rozwojowe funkcji zarządzających

51%

Kielar-Turska M., Kosno M.

Psychologia Rozwojowa

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2013

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vol. 18

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issue 4

9–27

EN

The paper presents an overview of basic issues related to executive functions, the phenomenon being the center of interest to psychologists at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, discussed from the historical, neurophysiological and ontogenetic perspectives. It gives basic information about the history of research on the executive functions and their neurophysiological correlates. At fi rst, the research focused on the function of the frontal cortex, which was thought to organize intellectual activity in adults with damage to that part of the brain. Studies in the ontogenetic paradigm have helped to explain the genesis of the executive functions, their complex nature, developmental changes and critical periods. They have also contributed to determining the relationship between the executive functions and other cognitive processes, such as theories of mind, or emotional processes, and to revealing the environmental conditions. The paper describes the complex nature of the executive functions, indicating the fixed components: inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning, and presents psychological testing methods, pointing out the most commonly used techniques. The authors refer both to foreign and Polish authors studying groups of participants developing normally or with disorders in different periods of development, and they note the cognitive and the practical aspects of research on the executive functions.

9

Kompetencje bazowe a sukces dziecka. Program Stymulowania Rozwoju Funkcji Wykonawczych

45%

Beata W.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2018

|

issue 55(13)

213-221

EN

School performance and also further life and career successes depend on the development of executive functioning. The development of executive functions has a greater influence on school readiness than intelligence quotient or a preliminary level of mathematical or reading skills. The article presents the program of the Executive Functions Development Stimulation, which aims to support the child in the area of basic competencies connected with the process of learning and problem-solving capacities. The program is based on an innovative concept of working with children using the method of Executive Functions Integration, which employs an innovative tool – interactive floor.

PL

Wyniki szkolne dziecka, a następnie jego sukcesy życiowe i zawodowe zależą od poziomu rozwoju funkcji wykonawczych. Rozwój funkcji wykonawczych ma większe znaczenie dla gotowości szkolnej niż iloraz inteligencji czy wstępny poziom umiejętności matematycznych i czytania. W artykule przedstawiono Program Stymulowania Rozwoju Funkcji Wykonawczych, którego celem jest wspieranie dziecka w zakresie kompetencji bazowych związanych z procesem uczenia się, wdrażanie do myślenia problemowego. Program opiera się na nowatorskiej koncepcji pracy z dzieckiem metodą Integracji Funkcji Wykonawczych, wykorzystującej innowacyjne narzędzie – podłogę interaktywną.

Refine search results

Processing of Words Related to the Demands of a Previously Solved Problem

Low-level motor inhibition in children: Evidence from the negative compatibility effect

The negative compatibility effect: A case for self-inhibition

Globalización y español intercultural

Attentional Control and Retrieval Induced Forgetting Self-regulation Perspective

Basic competencies and a child’s success. A program of the Executive Functions Development Stimulation

Profilowa analiza dysfunkcji wykonawczych w diagnostyce neuropsychologicznej osób po udarze mózgu

Natura, mechanizmy neurofizjologiczne i zmiany rozwojowe funkcji zarządzających

Kompetencje bazowe a sukces dziecka. Program Stymulowania Rozwoju Funkcji Wykonawczych