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PL
Artykuł ma charakter studium pedagogiczno-socjologicznego. Zamierzeniem autorki było ukazanie problemów związanych z codzienną komunikacją językową, jakich doświadczają niesłyszący rodzice wychowujący słyszące dziecko lub dzieci. Podczas badań – w nurcie metodologii badań jakoś-ciowych – przeprowadziłam wywiady narracyjne z członkami pięciu rodzin Głuchych. Niesłyszący rodzice nie zawsze czują się pewnie w kontaktach ze słyszącymi dziećmi, potrzebują niekiedy potwierdzenia, że język migowy jest pełnowartościowym środkiem komunikowania się w rodzinie. Niesłyszący rodzice zdają sobie sprawę z tego, że wychowanie językowe słyszącego dziecka obciążone jest trudnościami dotyczącymi między innymi wyboru języka w codziennej komunikacji. Rodzice mają świadomość tego, że gdy dzieci nie będą migać, wówczas ich wzajemne kontakty będą ograniczone. Rodzice z jednej strony starają się dostosować komunikaty do możliwości percepcyjnych dziecka, mają świadomość tego, że aby dziecko rozwinęło mowę w formie werbalnej, musi mówić, z drugiej zaś naturalny jest wybór języka migowego.
EN
The article is a pedagogical and sociological study. The author’s intention was to show problems related to everyday language communication experienced by deaf parents bringing up one or more hearing children. During the research – in the field of qualitative research methodology – I conducted narrative interviews with members of five families with deaf parents. They do not always feel confident in contacts with their hearing children and sometimes need confirmation that sign language is a full-fledged means of communication in the family. Deaf parents are aware of the fact that the language education of a hearing child is burdened with difficulties regarding, among others, the choice of language in everyday communication. These parents are aware that if their children do not use sign language, their mutual contacts will be limited and they try to adapt messages to the child’s perceptive capabilities. On the one hand, they are conscious of the fact that for a child to develop verbal speech, they must speak, and on the other, the choice of sign language is natural.
EN
Family is an institution where the primary point of reference is the manner or pattern of behavior. It is also a continuous process of creation and perpetuation of patterns of behavior are responsible for the implementation of a way of life of individuals. One of the frequent conflicts of classification is the division because of their form, rational or irrational conflicts, antagonistic – non-antagonistic, explicit – implicit, organized – unorganized. The conflict may relate to the values that are common to the parties, or different. From the perspective of the family, the most important is the role of conflict of interest, although it added that this is not the only motive of disputes. Due to the effect that the emergence and development of the conflict has on the functioning of the family, there are two types: constructive and destructive conflict. It should be strongly emphasized that there is no such family in which there is no conflict. Of all the actions taken to reduce the amount of conflict and limit the negative effects of the most important is to educate parents about their own parental role. Knowing and adequate understanding of the role that should play to the child’s parents, is associated with a sense of responsibility for learning and healthy development of the child, as defined relationship to the child’s parents, understanding their needs, aspirations and ambitions. The size and nature of the occurrence of conflicts in the family influenced by a variety of factors are mutually conditioning. This situation forces us to take practical measures and solutions.
EN
The subject of the research presented in the article is the migrant family, defined in the subject literature as a “temporarily incomplete” family, that is characterized by structural disorganization. The study included 77 children in a long-term separation with one or both parents. The control consisted of 64 children brought up in families, in which there was no separation. Children were selected for this group intentionally, on the basis of demographic variables: age, sex and the place where the child was living. The projective drawing with instruction “My family” was used as the research tool. Statistical analysis and interpretation of the obtained results of the research compared the two groups of children as far as their readiness to communicate with their closest environment, indices of good and poor communication presented in the drawing, loneliness of the child in the picture and relations with the parent separated with the child for labor reasons and the one taking care of him were concerned. The obtained results show the occurrence of significant disturbances in the sphere of communication with the closest ones in the children from the families separated because of the labor migration as compared to the children in the control group.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano fragmenty szerszych badań poświęconych relacjom wewnątrz-rodzinnym. Na potrzeby niniejszej analizy wyłoniono kwestie wykorzystywania technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych do utrzymywania relacji i komunikowania się członków rodzin transnarodowych. Jak wynika z materiałów źródłowych, upowszechnienie nowych technologii komunikacyjnych wpływa współcześnie na odmienne możliwości podtrzymywania bliskości między osobami funkcjonującymi w strukturze transnarodowej. Przedstawione wyniki badań koncentrują się m.in. na sposobach kontaktów, używanych do tego celu urządzeniach czy często-tliwości komunikacji z migrantem.
EN
The article presents the collected material devoted to the use of information and communica-tion technologies to maintain relations and communication of members of transnational families. The dissemination of new communication technologies gave different possibilities of maintaining closeness between people functioning in the transnational structure. The presented research results are focused, inter alia, on methods of contacts, devices used for this purpose and the frequency of maintaining communication with the migrant.
EN
The submitted paper is of hypothetical and analytical nature. Its declared goal was to present communication within a family, the latter one understood as a complex system consisting of various subsystems, as there are: the matrimonial subsystem stricto sensu, the parentchildren interactions and the interaction among siblings. The communication analyses within the respective subsystems are illustrated by empirical investigation. The paper discusses different models, styles and barriers of interfamily communication. As predictable, the reciprocal approach based on partnership proved the most advantageous model of interfamily communication.
PL
Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczno-analityczny. Jego celem jest przedstawienie komunikacji w rodzinie ujmowanej jako system, w skład którego wchodzi podsystem małżeński, rodzicielski oraz między rodzeństwem. Analizę komunikacji w danym podsystemie zilustrowano badaniami empirycznymi. Przedstawiono także modele, style i bariery komunikacji w rodzinie, wskazując na model dwustronny, styl partnerski jako najkorzystniejsze w komunikacji wewnątrzrodzinnej.
EN
The article is especially concentrated on threats to the family which are results from a bad communication. It could be very dangerous for the contemporary family. In the interest of proper development of the family, the most important demands for a family policy should be: increasing the authority of the family, fulfillment of the educational process, the obligation to care for the health of children and young people and showing positive examples of moral conduct. Polish family because of the transformation undergone rapid change. As we know, the family is an age-old community at least two people. It is the first and most important lesson of life. This fact made it to be flawless. To do this, the family should strengthen communication between members. Interpersonal communication leads to good relationships in the family, helps to avoid conflicts and barriers.
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