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Functional abnormalities in Broca’s area in adolescents with ADHD: A resting-state fMRI study

100%
Pikusa M., Jończyk R.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 1
163-177
EN
There is evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with linguistic difficulties. However, the pathophysiology underlying these difficulties is yet to be determined. This study investigates functional abnormalities in Broca’s area, which is associated with speech production and processing, in adolescents with ADHD by means of resting-state fMRI. Data for the study was taken from the ADHD-200 project and included 267 ADHD patients (109 with combined inattentive/hyperactive subtype and 158 with inattentive subtype) and 478 typically-developing control (TDC) subjects. An analysis of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which reflects spontaneous neural activity, in Broca’s area (Brodmann Areas 44/45) was performed on the data and the results were compared statistically across the participant groups. fALFF was found to be significantly lower in the ADHD inattentive group as compared to TDC in BA 44, and in the ADHD combined group as compared to TDC in BA 45. The results suggest that there are functional abnormalities in Broca’s area with people suffering from ADHD, and that the localization of these abnormalities might be connected to particular language deficits associated with ADHD subtypes, which we discuss in the article. The findings might help explore the underlying causes of specific language difficulties in ADHD.
2
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Wroclaw as the Leading Neurolinguistics Center at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries

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Daniel A.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2021
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issue 12
43-64
EN
Pre-war Wroclaw was the prominent neurolinguistics center at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The achievements of Wernicke, his students and associates are well known worldwide; however, the contemporary context of the University of Wroclaw, archival details and evidence of memory, that is presented in this article, is crucial. The study on the human brain and its connection to languages can be found in the research conducted by German scientists such as professor doctor Carl Wernicke (1848–1905) and professor doctor Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915) before the Second World War at Breslau Universität, today known as the University of Wrocław. Many publications and papers published in pre-war Wrocław1 (Breslau) indicate that major discoveries took place in Wroclaw. The main objective of this research is to present, on the basis of archival documents, the group of neurologists and psychiatrists, the students of Carl Wernicke, who lived in the city and conducted their research on the brain. After Wernicke’s death, all of the students and assistants presented in the article took leading positions worldwide in conducting research on aphasia. Most of them continued Wernicke’s approach, while holding prominent university positions. The presented research may encourage other authors to carry out a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of the achievements of the Wrocław School of Neurolinguistics.
3
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Typy zaburzeń językowych w zespole Aspergera

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Korendo M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2023
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issue 18
161-168
EN
For many years, both the DSM‑IV and ICD-10 have built up the misconception that there are no language disorders in Asperger’s syndrome. This has had a significant impact on the problems with the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, and has been the cause of many misdiagnoses. The current editions: DSM-5 and ICD-11 have not changed the established approach. Many years of research and clinical experience have allowed the author of this article to verify the view of normal speech and communication development in Asperger syndrome. We now know that children with ZA may manifest different types of disorders, concerning both systemic and communicative competence. The author of the article characterises the types of language problems observed in ZA, including: the specificity of early speech development, alalia (delayed speech development), aphasia, comprehension of speech and intonation of speech and indicates their sources and examples. This is of great importance in the context of the correct diagnosis and therapy of children on the autism spectrum, including the differential diagnosis of autism and Asperger syndrome.
4
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Kompetencja językowa a odruchy pierwotne u dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym

86%
Motyka M.
Forum Oświatowe
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2020
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vol. 32
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issue 2(64)
165-179
EN
The paper explores the relationship between language competence (LC) of preschool children and retention of primary (primitive) reflexes (PR). It is an attempt to answer the question whether a relationship exists between motor development and language development. Three primary reflexes:  the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR), tonic labyrinthine reflex  (TLR), and selected elements of language competence, such as narration, self-narration, discourse, articulation, was carried out on the number 81 children aged 4-7 in a public kindergarten environment. The study identified the state of reflexes and its relationship with the linguistic competence of a pre-school child.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań nad związkiem kompetencji językowej dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym a przetrwaniem odruchów pierwotnych. Jest to próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy istnieje związek między rozwojem motorycznym  a rozwojem języka. Badanie trzech odruchów pierwotnych: asymetrycznego tonicznego odruchu szyjnego (ATOS), symetrycznego tonicznego odruchu szyjnego (STOS), tonicznego odruchu błędnikowego(TOB),  oraz wybranych elementów kompetencji języka, takich jak: narracja, autonarracja, dyskurs, artykulacja, przeprowadzono na liczbie 81 dzieci w wieku 4-7 lat w środowisku przedszkoli publicznych. Badanie zidentyfikowało stan odruchów oraz jego związki z kompetencją językową dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym.
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