Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Journals help
Authors help
Years help

Results found: 114

first rewind previous Page / 6 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  linguistic worldview
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 6 next fast forward last
EN
In the paper, we address the question of the relation between language and culture from a Cognitive Linguistic perspective. While accounting for the role of language as an aid to cultural transmission in maintaining the community’s conceptual order, we address the question of whether the concept of a linguistic worldview aptly captures the interplay between language and culture. We suggest that, due to cumulative cultural evolution spurred by the incessant development of human knowledge, layers of conceptualisations accumulate over time. It is proposed that this palimpsest of conceptualisations results from human interaction that transcends the constraints of the present moment, encompassing the past and present, as well as delineating possible developments of the community’s future conceptual order.
PL
Autorka próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy badając metafory można dowiedzieć się czegoś na temat językowego obrazu świata. Zestawiając język polski z angielskim zauważa przede wszystkim różnice ilościowe, a więc – bogactwo metaforyki pochodzenia morskiego w języku angielskim. Odzwierciedla się w tym bogactwo słownictwa morskiego i doświadczeń morskich. Przykłady polskie mogą równie dobrze odnosić się do obrazu wody czy płynu w ogóle, przykłady angielskie w dużej mierze są specyficznie morskie. W metaforyce angielskiej wykorzystuje się więcej elementów krajobrazu morskiego, angielskie widzenie morza jest widzeniem wieloaspektowym. W metaforyce polskiej dostrzega się przede wszystkim fale, nie wyróżniając zresztą ich rodzajów, w metaforach angielskich prócz kilku typów fal (wave, tidal wave, surge, ripple) pojawiają się częściej pływy i prądy. Przeniknięcie tych zjawisk do metaforyki świadczy o powszechnym ich zauważeniu, o tym, że wieloaspektowe widzenie morza właściwe jest nie tylko wąskiej grupie ludzi bezpośrednio z morzem związanych, lecz stanowi element ogólnojęzykowego obrazu tego wycinka rzeczywistości.
EN
The author tries to answer the question whether studying metaphors can tell us something about the linguistic worldview. Comparing the English language to the Polish language, the author notices mainly the quantitative differences, i.e. the wealth of maritime metaphors in English. This reflects the wealth of maritime vocabulary and maritime experiences. While the examples that come from Polish may as well refer to the view of water or liquid in general, the examples from English are specifically sea-oriented. The English perception of the sea is multifaceted; there are more elements of the sea landscape in the English metaphorical language than in Polish. In the Polish metaphorical language, mainly the waves are highlighted, however, they are not categorised in terms of their types. In English metaphors, apart from a few types of waves (e.g. wave, tidal wave, surge, or ripple), tides and currents appear more often. The fact that these phenomena permeate into metaphorical language proves that they are generally noticed, and also that the multifaceted perception of the sea is not something specific to narrow groups of people that have a direct relationship with the sea only, but it constitutes an element of a universal linguistic view of this particular aspect of reality.
EN
This article analyses how feelings of characters in Eilhart von Oberg’s Tristrant are portrayed by means of vocabulary describing emotions. It is concluded that negative emotions prevail in their emotional worldview.
EN
The article deals with the issue of mirroring stereotypes through language which is presented in this material as an important tool of reflecting opinions, beliefs and judgements about ethnic others. The paper discusses different linguistic means which help to express cultural stereotypes commonly held in societies. On the basis of the opinions, comments and observations of different scholars, the author of the article distinguishes items which are essential for linguistic reproduction of cultural (mental) stereotypes. In his account he demonstrates how closely stereotypes are linked with the linguistic signs in use. Although the paper examines the notion of stereotyping from a linguistic perspective, it also refers to the assumptions of the cognitive and cultural approaches to stereotyping.
EN
Many abstract phenomena and concepts can be described with the help of language. The world is perceived through language and language is one of the tools for describing it. Starting point of my article forms the concept of the linguistic worldview Bartmiński (2012). Particular means of expression are phrasemes, which reflect in a compact way the perception of the world by the users of a certain language. As part of the research, a comparative analysis of the German and Polish phrasemes is carried out, the obligatory component of which is the lexeme Hand/ręka. The empirical material comes from the phraseological dictionaries of both languages. Phraseological units are divided into groups according to their semantics. The aim of the analysis is to show the variety of meanings of the examined phrasemes and the possibilities of expression that the structures mentioned above open up for us. The analysis of the compiled corpus allows a general conclusion to be drawn: the semantic groups of phrasemes that have been created and examined, which contain the lexeme Hand/ręka, show a visible symmetry. Among other things, it can result from the fact that the hand and its functions are perceived in a similar way in both German and Polish, which seems to be important information for the linguistic worldview of both cultures. The added value lies primarily in gaining insights into the linguistic worldview of both cultures and thus preventing linguistic decals, incomprehension or linguistic rudeness that result from a lack of knowledge of the possible different meanings of certain expressions between languages. This analysis can contribute to further research into the linguistic world view that is visible in phrasemes with the lexeme Hand/ręka.
EN
According to etymological sources, Polish dziecko ‘a child’ and English felicity ‘joy, happiness’ are cognates, as they derive from the same Proto-Indo-European root *dhe(i) ‘to suck’. Despite the fact that these two have chosen two different paths in their semantic evolution in different cultures (dziecko in Slavic one, and felicity first in Romance culture, later in Germanic one), it seems that they were both mentally associated with babyhood and maternity at a certain moment in the past. The objectives of the paper are the following. First, I want to present the Slavic etymology of the lexeme dziecko, as well the Romance and Germanic etymology of felicity. Second, I aim to chase and discuss their semantic evolution from Proto-Indo European root *dhe(i) ‘to suck’ to their contemporary meanings. Third, I choose to find and explain the extralinguistic (cultural) factors which motivated the above mentioned semantic changes. In order to explicate the motivation behind culturally conditioned semantic alteration, a reference is made to the theory of linguistic worldview, as understood by Jerzy Bartmiński (2002, 2006), as well as to panchrony, as viewed by Przemysław Łozowski (2010, 2018).
EN
Review: Dorota Filar, Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja marzenia we współczesnej polszczyźnie, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2013, 224 pp.This article is a review of Dorota Filar’s study entitled Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja marzenia we współczesnej polszczyźnie (Narrative Aspects of Linguistic Worldview: An Interpretation of marzenie ‘a dream’ in Contemporary Polish), in which she attempts to capture the meaning of a word in “an expanded, dynamic form with a narrative structure”. Her volume includes both general theoretical considerations and results of detailed semantic analyses.Rec.: Dorota Filar, Narracyjne aspekty językowego obrazu świata. Interpretacja marzenia we współczesnej polszczyźnie, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2013, 224 ss.Artykuł stanowi recenzję monografii będącej próbą ujęcia znaczenia słowa w „rozbudowaną, dynamiczną formę o strukturze narracyjnej”. Praca autorstwa Doroty Filar zawiera zarówno ogólne rozważania teoretyczne, jak i wyniki szczegółowych badań semantycznych.
EN
This paper is an attempt to reconstruct the picture of a groundbreaking historical event captured in oral accounts from Warmia. To this end, terms from the fi eld of ethnolinguistics, in particular linguistic worldview and point of view, have been applied. The analysis of the texts has revealed a clear opposition marked by lexemes polski (Polish) and niemiecki (German) and their derivatives as well as positive evaluation of what is local (Warmian). At the lexical level, borrowings from German (welować ‘to elect’), dialectal lexis (poszczwać ‘to bait’) and a signifi cant share of collocations referring to the situation of elections (odprawiać wiece) can be distinguished. What plays an important role in the picture of the plebiscite is the language exponents of negative phenomena and emotions, e.g. acts of violence, feeling of fear. The predominant stylistic devices employed are metonyms and metaphors.
EN
The purpose of the article is to present an integrated research approach based on fundamental principles of cognitive ethnolinguistics and studies of multimodality in texts and discourse, and to apply it to a) reconstruction of stereotypes meaning, and to b) carry out a comparative study of the way the stereotypes are construed in four different languages.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the ways of conceptualization of sound in Polish and Russian musical critical texts. For the purpose of the article 145 examples in Polish and 145 examples in Russian were analyzed. The material has been divided into three groups based on the type of sense: a visual approach to sound impressions, a tactile approach to sound impressions and a tastebased approach to sound impressions. The analyzed research material was presented with the use of the linguistic worldview methodology, and grouped into categories. The results of the comparative analysis showed a multiplicity of similarities in the types of categories, as well as in the types of synaesthetic metaphors. The largest groups of conceptualizations are those with Aristotelian origin: QUALITY, SUBSTANCE and SHAPE. Synaesthetic metaphors based on the visual approach to sound impressions proved to be the most widespread. The analyzed texts have provided a huge variety of conceptualizations and synaesthetic metaphors in Polish and Russian musical critical texts which constitute a part of the linguistic worldview of sound.
EN
In the paper, we focus on the question of science popularisation as translation. We develop a Cultural Linguistic account of how conceptual metaphors help tailor the abstract conceptual content to the needs of non-experts. Since the issue linking the various topics in our paper is the mind-reality relation, we offer a linguistic analysis of selected conceptual metaphors in Michał Heller’s Philosophy of Chance. We provide insights into the worldview emerging from the author’s narrative about the evolution of the concept of CHANCE.
EN
Space, time and motion are crucial concepts in human thinking. They tend to be expressed differently in different languages and this can present difficulties for language learners. This paper summarises the basic linguistic means of expressing time, space and motion in contemporary Czech and attempts to systematise the existing linguistic research related to these topics. The analysis focuses on deictic, lexical (e.g. verbs of motion) and phrasal units and on selected grammatical categories (especially time, aspect and case) and points out specific features of a “Czech” understanding of the concepts as revealed by the given linguistic expressions. In Czech utterances, the concepts are usually interconnected, with several means connected with the concepts often appearing simultaneously. The “Czech” conceptualisation of space, time and motion is complex, but it is nevertheless organised in various ways (for example, along selected oppositions, metaphors or image schemas, using a specific categorisation of motion in verbs of motion). Furthermore, space and motion often function as a source domain for metaphors of more abstract concepts. It is suggested that this overview could provide some background for research into the use of Czech as a non-native language.
EN
The linguocultural image of hand in Polish folk languageThe goal of this paper is a reconstruction of the linguocultural image of ręka (hand) in the Polish folk language, as defined by a cognitive model proposed by Bartmiński in the 1980’s. Among the sources considered here are the linguistic system itself (as exemplified by dictionaries of the Polish language, etymological dictionaries, dialect dictionaries) as well as literary texts, including folk songs and prose (e.g. riddles, sayings, fairy tales), and folk traditions and beliefs, recorded in the FOLBAS computer base and in the UMCS Ethnolinguistic Archives. From all these sources there emerges a rich and complex image showing this part of the body mainly from a functional perspective and appreciation of its role in Polish folk culture.
EN
The names of values in the linguistic worldview of LithuaniansReviewKristina Rutkovska, Marius Smetona, Irena Smetonienė. Vertybės lietuvio pasaulėvaizdyje. Monografija [Values in the linguistic worldview of Lithuanians: A monograph]. Foreword in Polish and Lithuanian by Jerzy Bartmiński. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos fakultetas, Akademinė leidyba, 2017, 300 pp. ISBN 978-9955-33-715-7Lithuanian ethnolinguistics is a relatively young discipline. In 2017, it was enriched by a valuable monograph written by three researchers from Vilnius University: Kristina Rutkovska, Marius Smetona and Irena Smetonienė, participants in the international project EUROJOS, who have made a significant contribution to the Leksykon aksjologiczny Słowian i ich sąsiadów (Axiological lexicon of the Slavs and their neighbours).Their study entitled Vertybės lietuvio pasaulėvaizdyje (Values in the linguistic worldview of Lithuanians), with a foreword by Jerzy Bartmiński, offers a full semantic description of six key names of values (concepts): HOME, FAMILY, WORK, EUROPE, FREEDOM and HONOUR. It also analyses two concepts stemming from the most archaic sources of human culture: FIRE and WATER. Nazwy wartości w językowym obrazie świata LitwinówRecenzjaKristina Rutkovska, Marius Smetona, Irena Smetonienė. Vertybės lietuvio pasaulėvaizdyje. Monografija [Wartości w językowym obrazie świata Litwina. Monografia]. Przedmowa w języku polskim i litewskim Jerzego Bartmińskiego. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos fakultetas, Akademinė leidyba, 2017, 300 ss. ISBN 978-9955-33-715-7Litewska etnolingwistyka jest dyscypliną młodą. W 2017 roku wzbogaciła się o cenną monografię napisaną przez troje badaczy z Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego, Krystynę Rutkowską, Mariusa Smetonę i Irenę Smetonienė, uczestników międzynarodowego projektu EUROJOS, współpracujących przy tworzeniu Leksykonu aksjologicznego Słowian i ich sąsiadow.Opracowanie pod tytułem Vertybės lietuvio pasaulėvaizdyje [Wartości w językowym obrazie świata Litwina], z przedmową Jerzego Bartmińskiego, zawiera pełne charakterystyki semantyczne sześciu kluczowych nazw wartości (konceptów): DOMU, RODZINY, PRACY, EUROPY, WOLNOŚCI i HONORU oraz dwóch pojęć, WODY i OGNIA, sięgających najbardziej archaicznych źródeł kultury ludzkiej.
EN
Kuszak Kinga, Językowy obraz wojny według uczniów klas IV-VII szkoły podstawowej [Linguistic Image of War According to Students of Years 4-7 of Primary School]. Studia Edukacyjne nr 56, 2020, Poznań 2020, pp. 39-56. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 1233-6688. DOI: 10.14746/se.2020.56.3 The article discusses the linguistic image of war as an element of the linguistic worldview, based onstatements made by students of years 4-7. The author follows Jerzy Bartmiński’s assumption that a linguisticworldview is a linguistic interpretation of reality, which can be defined as a set of judgements about the world. These judgements may be fixed in the language itself, in its grammatical forms, lexicon, clichéd texts (e.g. proverbs), or as implied linguistic forms and texts. Language is a means of interpreting the world and the words used not so much to “render a photographic reproduction of things” as to “portray” them mentally. The author, inspired by Franciszek Hinczer’s research on war conducted in 1919 among students aged 8-14, asked students of two primary schools (302 people in total) about their opinions on the same topic. The students taking part in the research, conducted a hundred years after the study was published in the Szkoła Powszechna journal, answered the following questions: What do they think a war is? What do people do during a war? What do adults do during a war and what do children do? The students’ statements were analyzed and categorized. Each selected category was illustrated with sample answers from the respondents. The presentation of the results was preceded by an analysis of the notion and image of war in selected dictionaries of the Polish language.
EN
The author of the paper will attempt to scrutinise, with reference to contextual arguments, a linguistic image of the Egyptian creator in the Old Kingdom religious texts which will be analysed with use of linguistic worldview method. An important inspiration for the author were the studies of Slavonic antiquity conducted by V.V. Ivanov and V.N. Toporov within the structural paradigm using the notion of opposition and the Egyptological, philosophical, anthropological and linguistic studies of J.P. Allen, J. Assman, H. Altenmüller, E. Hornung, P. Tillich, P. Wheelwright and R.A. Rappaport, and Polish scholars – T. Dobrzyńska, M. Makuchowska and the late philosopher L. Kołakowski. The paper is, however, solely an introduction to a further study. The author of the paper is making efforts to define an image of the creator expressed through and in the Egyptian language, reconstituted from fragmentary verbal messages, pictures recorded and preserved in language. It seems crucial that the Egyptian creator-god as “completed one”, comprising in himself all living beings, is embodied in his children and the whole created world.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that the grammatical structure of a language is derived from conceptual models belonging to the linguistic image of the world. Grammatical categories are connected with historical, cultural, social areas of experience creating models of knowledge contained in the human mind. Every language expresses the interpretation of the world and make the interpretation possible; it is “the mediator” between people and the world. The conventional character of a language is specially emphasized in creative (poetic) texts; it is often the subject of individual reflection: a conventionalized way of expressing human experience may be dubious, provoke discussions, surprise or become the subject of poetic games with the language. The games with grammar (creating new word formations, new syntactic schemas, using grammatical categories which are contrary to the principles of the language) lead to the disclosure that we speak about the world that we see, not about the world that really is. The article analyzes unconventional expressions found in present-day poetry. Such expressions prove that the poetic interpretation of the world is connected with the linguistic worldview but can also express textual re-interpretation of the way of thinking characteristic of a given speech community.
EN
The purpose of this article is to attempt to reconstruct the concept слобода (freedom) in the Serbian language. The analysis is based on survey data and their interpretation in relation to a broad context of culture, history and language. The starting point for the analysis are responses gathered in the Associative Dictionary of the Serbian Language. Associations are classified according to formal types, such as contrastive, metaphorical and metonymic associations. In terms of meaning, the responses were divided into the following conceptualizations: слобода personal freedom, слобода as struggle for independence, слобода as a bird, слобода as a boundless space, слобода as blue and white colors, слобода as a white horse, слобода as a place where we feel at ease, слобода as nature, слобода as a bridge, слобода as free will, слобода as the highest value. Presented associative fields have been documented with examples of idioms, proverbs, dictionary definitions, lyrics, and literary texts.
PL
Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja konceptu слобода (wolność) w języku serbskim w oparciu o dane ankietowe i ich interpretację w nawiązaniu do szerokiego kontekstu kulturowego, historycznego i językowego. Punktem wyjścia dla analizy są odpowiedzi respondentów zebrane w Słowniku skojarzeń języka serbskiego. Asocjacje zostały podzielone pod względem formalnym na kontrastywne, metaforyczne i metonimiczne. Pod względem znaczeniowym dokonano podziału na następujące konceptualizacje: слобода jako wolność osobista, слобода jako niezależność, слобода jako walka, слобода jako ptak, слобода jako bezgraniczna przestrzeń, слобода jako błękit i biel, слобода jako biały koń, слобода jako miejsce, gdzie czujemy się swobodnie, слобода jako przyroda, слобода jako most, слобода jako wolna wola, слобода jako najwyższa wartość. Prezentowane pola asocjacyjne zostały udokumentowane przykładami frazeologizmów, przysłów, definicji słownikowych, słów piosenek czy tekstów literackich.
EN
The study concerns contemporary changes in the Polish conceptualization of the week. They result from the socio-cultural transformations in the country. Analyzed are lexicographic definitions of the names of tydzień (the week) and the results of the questionnaire administered in the years 2010--2012 to a hundred inhabitants of the Lublin region, aged 18--85. The question asked was: “Which day is the beginning of the week?”. Both the lexicographic data and the subjects’ responses point to two days: Sunday or Monday. These correspond to two attitudes: religious and secular, respectively, of which the latter currently predominates. The treatment of Sunday as the final, seventh day of the week results from the loosening of the ties between many people and the Catholic Church, as well as from a more liberal social lifestyle.
PL
Autorka omawia zmiany w konceptualizacji tygodnia, jakie dokonują się współcześnie w świadomości Polaków i są świadectwem istotnych przemian społecznokulturowych. Poddaje analizie definicje leksykograficzne nazw tygodnia oraz wyniki ankiety, jaką przeprowadzono w okresie 2010--2012 wśród 100 mieszkańców Lubelszczyzny w wieku od 18--85 lat. Przedmiotem analizy były odpowiedzi na pytanie: Który dzień jest początkiem tygodnia? Zarówno dane leksykograficzne, jak wypowiedzi respondentów potwierdziły istnienie dwóch sposobów liczenia początku tygodnia – od niedzieli albo od poniedziałku. Odpowiadają one dwóm postawom: religijnej oraz obecnie dominującej – świeckiej. Traktowanie niedzieli jako dnia siódmego, finalnego, jest współcześnie skutkiem rozluźnienia związków z Kościołem i liberalizacji życia społecznego.
EN
The article presents a comparative analysis of selected linguistic material in Polish and Russian associative dictionaries. A detailed description is offered of the core of Polish and Russian linguistic awareness, i.e. with respect to those units that enter into the greatest numbers of connections with other units of a given associative network, presented in the form of a reversed associative dictionary (from reaction to stimulus). The analysis leads to the conclusion that concepts seemingly identified as very close to each other on the semantic plane, functioning in Polish and Russian, are often characterised by significant semantic differences. The differences are especially clear in associative networks of names for emotions, values, and human actions. The young people from Poland and Russia taking part in the study differ significantly in their judgements of what and to what extent they consider good or bad, great or inconspicuous, active or passive. Young Poles have a stronger tendency to view and evaluate the world through the prism of hedonistic values. Their accounts more rarely contain characteristics related to lives of communities (in this context an important position is occupied only by the close ones). The linguistically shaped world of young Russians is different: the central position there is taken by associative networks where the dominant characteristics relate to communities, collective work, and the need for material and financial security.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę porównawczą wybranego materiału językowego, zamieszczonego w polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznym słowniku asocjacyjnym. Szczegółowemu opisowi poddano jądro polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznej świadomości, czyli te jednostki sieci semantycznej (asocjacyjnowerbalnej), które posiadają największą liczbę związków z innymi jednostkami danej sieci asocjacyjnej, zaprezentowanej w formie odwróconego słownika asocjacyjnego (od reakcji do bodźca).Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala stwierdzić, iż pozornie tożsame, ewentualnie bliskie w planie semantycznym pojęcia, funkcjonujące w języku polskim i rosyjskim, często wykazują istotne różnice znaczeniowe. Szczególnie wyraźnie ujawniły się one w sieciach skojarzeniowych nominatów uczuć, emocji, wartości, jak również działań podejmowanych przez człowieka. Okazuje się, że poddana badaniom młodzież polska i rosyjska znacznie różni się w ocenach, co i w jakim stopniu odbiera za dobre lub złe, duże lub małe, aktywne lub pasywne. Młodzi Polacy przejawiają silniejszą tendencję do patrzenia na świat i ocenę otaczającej ich rzeczywistości przez pryzmat kategorii hedonistycznych. Rzadziej w ich wypowiedziach ujawniają się charakterystyki odnoszące się do życia w zbiorowości (w tym kontekście eksponowaną pozycję zajmują jedynie najbliżsi). Inaczej natomiast wygląda językowo ukonstytuowany świat młodych Rosjan. Centralną pozycję zajmują w nim sieci asocjacyjne z dominacją charakterystyk odnoszących się do życia w zbiorowości, kolektywnego wykonywania zadań, potrzeby bezpieczeństwa materialnego i socjalnobytowego.
first rewind previous Page / 6 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.