Search results

1

Why Minor, Not Major?

100%

Łukaszyk E.

Colloquia Humanistica

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2013

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issue 2

EN

Why Minor, Not Major?Even if the probability that some of these languages might one day be reborn from the ashes and reintroduced to everyday communication is very low, we still need to preserve at least some trace of humanity’s linguistic diversity. It is a task that concerns all of us, not only the peoples whose direct heritage these languages are. We are still unable to answer many of the fundamental questions in linguistics, concerning such aspects as the origin of human speech and the generaltraits or structures that underlie all human forms of communication. If languages continue dying at the pace they do, soon we will have no material left to carry on this quest any further.These questions, central to the humanities today, justify the choice of the topic for this issue of "Colloquia Humanistica". The joint efforts of the authors who contributed to it, evidently cannot cover either the vastness of the problems, or the geographic diversity of the world’s minor cultures, literatures and languages. Nonetheless, some examples have been chosen, illustrating the research problems that are currently topical and bringing to the general academic consciousness cultural realities that we are still less familiar with.

2

Litwini w III RP

80%

Tarka K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2013

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issue 3(348)

77-92

EN

The article presents the situation of the Lithuanian minority in the Third Republic of Poland. Lithuanians who densely inhabit a small area of north-east Suwalki region, in and around Puńsk and Sejny, form a close-knit community. This is the autochtonous, almost exclusively rural population. Lesser and dispersed groups of Lithuanians live on the entire territory of Poland. The overall number of the Lithuanian minority of Poland is approximately 7.5-8 thousand people. In the new reality after 1989 there have been changes in the organized activity of Lithuanians. The Lithuanian Social-Cultural Society which had existed for over thirty years changed its name to the Association of Lithuanians in Poland. New organizations were also founded, such as: the Lithuanian Society of St. Casimir or the Community of Lithuanians in Poland. For Lithuanian activists one of the most important issues was the cause of education in their native tongue. At the beginning of the 1990s the “Aušra” Publishing House began the printing of the first books in Lithuanian since the Second World War. The “Aušra” quarterly was transformed into a monthly and then again into a biweekly. Besides, regional stations of the public radio and television began broadcasting regular programmes in Lithuanian. Lithuanians are characterized by a high national self-awareness and the ability to organize themselves in the defense of their interests. A high degree of internal integration minimized the process of assimilation and allowed them to retain their distinctive individuality, their own language, culture and system of education. The factors that facilitate this phenomenon are: a compact population inhabiting a small area, peripheral location, isolation from the Polish society.

3

Roger Blench and Stuart McGill (eds.), Advances in Minority Language Research in Nigeria, vol. I, African Languages Monographs, Kay Williamson Educational Foundation, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2012, 372 pp.

80%

Pawlak N.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2012

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issue 46

117-123

EN

A review of a book by Roger Blench and Stuart McGill (eds.) "Advances in Minority Language Research in Nigeria".

4

Tatarzy polscy – tożsamość kolektywna w kontekście regulacji ustawowych

80%

Warmińska K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 903

55-65

EN

The transformations following 1989 in Poland have had a substantial impact on the situation of the country’s national and ethnic communities. The last 20 years have culminated in the stabilisation of a formal and legal framework of their activities. According to the Act of 2005 on national and ethnic minorities and on regional languages, the Polish Tartars are a recognised ethnic minority. In my article I focus on the collective aspect of Polish Tartars’ ethnic identity. The most important issue discussed is the impact of the Act and its statutory arrangements on the definitions of the ethnic „We” shared by the group’s members. The meeting of the official identity discourse delineated by the legislation procedures with the matter of ethnicity, which is subtle in nature, may lead to a dilemma of identity and raise the question around those dilemmas as to “Who we are”. The situation could also inspire reflection upon the identity assets a group holds, which in turn bring about an attempt to implement identity options that correspond with the needs and interests of the community.

5

Karaimi. Pytanie o tożsamość

80%

Luczys P., Rataj K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2013

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issue 3(348)

93-116

EN

The article aims to reconstruct the history of Karaites in the perspective of dualisms of identity (poligenealogies, bilingualism, etc.) among this ethnic and religious group, which according to the authors is an illustration of “postmodern identity re-transformations”. Emphasizing the social and religious aspects of Karaism the authors portray “the minor minority” of the Republic of Poland as an exemplification of postmodern statements on “troubles with cultivating identity” in which the cardinal constructional rule remains “doubting” in Anthony Giddens’ terms. Scrutinizing the first references and records on Karaites as well as their wandering history throughout the whole Europe up to the contemporary times, the authors propose a thesis on the immanent features of deterritorialization and identity eclecticism ascribed to Karaism from the dawn of its history. Thus the title “question about identity” of Karaites remains a dual one: directed towards the past (“who were we?” and “where do we come from?”) as well as to the future (“who are we going to be?”, “where are we heading?”).

6

PRESS OF THE GERMAN MINORITY IN POLAND IN 1989-2017

80%

Rachwał G.

Social Communication. Online Journal

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2018

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issue 1 (17)

64-76

XX

The aim of this article is to characterize the German minority press market in Poland in the period of 1989-2017. The article constitutes a discussion regarding terms that are key for the undertaken subject, i.e., “national minority”, “ethnic minority” and “the press of national and ethnic minorities”; furthermore, a typology of the functions of these media is presented. The analysis covered the socio- political framework of the functioning of minority media, as well as legal regulations at the level of publishing activities of national and ethnic minorities and the support of the Polish state towards publishing initiatives of minorities from 1989 to the present day. The article also constitutes an overview of German minority press issued in 1989 - 2017 in the Polish state. Characteristics of the periodicals contain information about their creation, presentation of graphic layout and publishing formula, as well as the thematic profile of the published contents. Approximating the German minority in Poland, the author attempts to answer the question of what role the German press once played in the Polish German society, and what is its role today, as well as who are the recipients of the German press in Poland today, what is its current condition and what are the prognoses for its development in the short and longer term. The conducted research applied technical analysis and analysis of press content. The study uses a number of sources. These include state documents published in journals of law, in various types of bulletins, reviews and in the on-line version.

7

One Culture or Multiple Cultures? The Diversity of Roma People in Poland

80%

Talewicz-Kwiatkowska J.

Colloquia Humanistica

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2014

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issue 3

EN

One Culture or Multiple Cultures? The Diversity of Roma People in PolandThere are no universal criteria which would be useful to describe the diversity of all of the Roma. Their presence in given country is linked to adaptive processes to majority societies. It is the majority that creates condition and space to which minorities need to adapt somehow. The results of the above-mentioned adaptive processes also vary and depend on an external context. The attitude of given populations towards minorities and the current political and economic situation of given country, where the Roma settled had and still has significant influence on mentioned processes. The way of life of different Romani groups has also a great importance, because sedentary way of life (typical for most European Roma) and external influences especially on culture and models of lifestyle also furthered the adaptive processes. The cultural diversity among the Roma is the case not only with the groups living in different countries. It needs to be emphasized that the Roma who have lived in one country for centuries are not a homogenous group in terms of their culture. Previous migration processes and sedentary or nomadic way of life had a great influence on this internal diversity. In Poland with four distinguished Romani groups such diversity occurs between Carpathian Roma (Bergitka Roma, Polish Highlander Roma) and traditionally nomadic groups: Polska Roma, Lovara, Kelderari. This article is mainly based on available sources and dissertations on the subject. However it refers to the field research regarding the use of European Union’s funds for the Roma community in Poland, which was conducted by the author in 2010 and 2011. Kultura jedna czy wieloraka? Zróżnicowanie populacji romskiej w PolsceNie istnieją uniwersalne kryteria użyteczne w opisie zróżnicowania wszystkich Romów. Ich obecność w danym kraju wiąże się z procesami adaptowania się do społeczeństw większościowych. To większość tworzy warunki i przestrzeń, do których mniejszości muszą się jakoś przystosować. Skutki wspomnianych procesów adaptacyjnych także są różne i zależą od kontekstu zewnętrznego. W znacznym stopniu wpływa na to postawa danej populacji wobec mniejszości oraz aktualna sytuacja polityczno-ekonomiczna kraju, w którym osiedlają się Romowie. Sposób życia rożnych grup romskich także ma ogromne znaczenie, ponieważ osiadły tryb życia (typowy dla większości europejskich Romów) i wpływy zewnętrzne odzwierciedlające się w kulturze i stylach życia również kształtują owe procesy. Zróżnicowanie kulturowe Romów dotyczy nie tylko grup żyjących w różnych państwach. Trzeba podkreślić, iż Romowie od stuleci zamieszkujący dane państwo również nie stanowią jednorodnej grupy w kategoriach kultury własnej. Wcześniejsze procesy migracyjne oraz osiadłby bądź wędrowny tryb życia wywierały ogromny wpływ na owo zróżnicowanie. W Polsce, przy czterech różnych grupach romskich, taka różnorodność rodzi się między Romami karpackimi (Bergitka Roma, góralscy Romowie) a tradycyjnie wędrownymi grupami: Polska Roma, Lovara, Kelderari. Niniejszy artykuł opiera się na dostępnych źródłach i dotychczasowych opracowaniach tematu, odwołując się również do badania wykorzystywania funduszy unijnych przez społeczność romską w Polsce, przeprowadzonego przez autorkę w latach 2010-2011.

8

National Minority Organisations in Prague: structure, competence and social activities

70%

Sulitka A., Uherek Z.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2015

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vol. 25

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issue 5

3 - 17

EN

The focus of this text is on the assessment of the in-depth interviews which the authors of this article conducted in 2014 with the functionaries of important Prague minority associations associated in the House of National Minorities in Prague. The interviews concentrated on their attitudes to formal and informal institutions that the minorities form, on their opinion about the exercise of minority rights in Czech society, on the influence of the House of National Minorities on the club life in Prague and on the problems with administrative work which is necessary for club activity. Last but not least, the interviews focused on the financing of clubs and the political ambitions of their members. The interviews with the representatives of particular organizations showed diversity in the organizational structure of clubs and interest associations of particular minorities in Prague, and their different biases. The interviews showed a variety of strategies used in getting financial funding for the club activities and the resulting different financial security. The interviews also showed frequent problems with the infrastructure of the clubs. Quite a low level of legal consciousness of the interview participants was a significant piece of knowledge, although some of the participants take part in wider political life especially as members of political parties exceeding the minority groups. The authors of the article state in the conclusion that the opportunities for particular minorities to exercise their cultural and social needs through minority clubs are becoming differentiated. Without more purposeful support by the Czech Republic, especially the minority clubs bound to economically less successful countries will soon get into difficulties with their selection of services in comparison with the clubs bound to wealthier countries which fund the minority club activities in the Czech Republic.

9

Roma immigrants in Western Europe – the example of France and Italy

70%

Talewicz-Kwiatkowska J.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2015

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issue 1(31/2)

111-121

EN

The expansion of the European Union and the accession of ten new EU member states in 2004, as well as the accession of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, meant that the new borders of the EU came to encompass most of the Roma minorities living on the Old Continent. The Roma, as well as being the largest ethnic group in modern Europe, are also its most marginalised group. They have been and continue to be ostracised, excluded from society, and discriminated against on all possible social levels. I will focus on the mass exodus of the Roma to Western Europe, which was triggered by the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union. Thousands of new Roma emigrants moved to the West in search of a better life, without possessing jobs, health care or social insurance, living en masse in camps on the edge of towns and cities. The beginning of the global economic crisis in 2008 and this massive influx of Roma immigrants living in extreme poverty was an explosive mix which led to a deepening and intensification of Anti‑Roma feeling in Western Europe creating a radicalisation of policy concerning Roma.

10

THE TOLERANCE IN ISLAMIC LEGAL MODEL

70%

Edaich S.

Studia Oecumenica

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2014

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vol. 14

285-302

PL

Czytając o tolerancji religijnej jesteśmy zmuszeni uwierzyć, że ta zasada poja- wiła się w epoce oświecenia dzięki jakiejś filozofii czy systemowi politycznemu. W rzeczywistości oświecenie przyniosło tylko odzyskanie tolerancji, która wcze- śniej była skonfiskowana przez praktyki religijne i polityczne. Aby zrozumieć tolerancję w religiach monoteistycznych, musimy pamiętać, że była ona w swym aspekcie instytucjonalnym i praktycznym zdefiniowana już w świętych księgach tych religii.

11

Różnice pokoleń na rynku pracy? Nowe spojrzenie na znane zjawisko

70%

Brol M.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2016

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issue 2(21)

41-49

EN

In today’s organizations, the degree of generational diversity increases among employees, moreover the age difference between employees will further increase due to legal changes in the field of pension rights. The issue of age management becomes more crucial and it is important to see it as a comprehensive issue not only in the particular age group. Discrimination based on age is a common problem in the organization. In the media and among public opinion exist stereotypes about certain generations on the labor market, which can lead to unfair generalizations. Not only the elderly, but also young people are becoming a minority in organizations. The key to understand the reasons for potential conflicts is to focus on a greater role of perceived generational differences rather than the actual.

12

Między grupą etnograficzną a narodem. Status Tatarów polskich w świetle dotychczasowych badań

70%

Radłowska K.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2014

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vol. 23

155-166

EN

The main purpose of the article is to present and discuss research ideas related to the status of Polish Tatars. This group is an example of an ethnic group that is variable in time and space and is being under the influence of dynamic processes as well as transformations. As a consequence, the views on the status of the group did not always keep pace with the proper reflection of these changes. This article will present the positions and research assumptions under which Polish Tartars are an ethnographic group, ethnic group, or a nation.

13

Ocena projektu nowelizacji ustaw: o stosunku Państwa do Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w RP oraz o stosunku Państwa do Karaimskiego Związku Religijnego w RP

70%

Jastrzębski R.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2020

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issue 1(65)

144-152

EN

The amendment to both acts, formally force since 1936, concerns the adaptation of their contents to the geographical area of the Polish state, which has been changed after the Second World War. The amendment has no practical legal significance. In the author’s opinion, one should strive to adopt two separate religious statutes on the basis of current legal regulations, rather than introducing changes regarding replacing geographical terms and names of state bodies.

14

The Dynamics of Slovak-Hungarian Relations – The Shift from Language Issues to Legal and Symbolic Questions

70%

Mihálik J., Marušiak J.

Baltic Journal of Law & Politics

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 1

128-148

EN

Language practice and its official recognition are considered crucial markers of national identities in the region of Central/Eastern Europe. The issue of language rights used to be a vital aspect of the agenda in national movements in the former Austrian (Austrian- Hungarian) Monarchy, together with the process of territorializing and constructing of national identities in the region since the nineteenth century. The protection, persistence, preservation and further development of the national language was introduced as part of the moral obligations and commitments of the members of a community to the constructed national community. This article examines two discrete yet related research questions that address language. The first one is based on dependence theories and analyzes to what extent the contemporary language policy of the Slovak government and political elites as well as its institutional and legal framework are affected by the decisions adopted in the past which created certain institutional as well as mental frameworks of shaping of the language policy. The second research question is related to the place of the “language issue” in contemporary Slovak domestic political discourse and its role in bilateral relations between Slovak Republic and Hungary with regard to the EU accession in 2004.

15

Kryzys berberyjski z 1949 roku – zapomniany epizod historii algierskiego ruchu niepodległościowego

70%

Kobis R.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2020

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issue 2-3 (274-275) "Świat islamu w perspektywie badań arabistycznych i politologicznych Historia i współczesność"

175-186

EN

The main subject of the article is the issue of the ‘Berberist Crisis’ of 1949, which has shaken the Algerian national movement in the late 1940s. Its first act was an unprecedented speech by a young Paris law student and a high-ranking member of the national movement structure Rašīd ‘Alī Yaḥya. During one of the party meetings, this activist from Berber-speaking Kabylia region appealed to those gathered to discuss the official proposal, which explicitly condemned the “myth of Arab-Muslim Algeria”. The controversial proposal was not only put for discussion but also voted with 28 votes in favour and 4 against. In Algiers, the action of Kabyle activists was read as an act of disobedience and even potential secession, as a result of which the Parisian structures of the Movement were immediately dissolved. In practical term, this meant the beginning of the fratricidal struggles within Algerian national movement, which on the eve of the outbreak of the War of Independence almost led to its split. The events of the ‘Berberist Crisis’ of 1949 have permanently entered the history of difficult Arab-Kabyle relations in independent Algeria, becoming largely the first act of conflict between the two largest ethnic groups in this country.

16

FIKH MNIEJSZOŚCI – ROZWÓJ I ZNACZENIE DLA ZACHODNICH MNIEJSZOŚCI MUZUŁMAŃSKICH

70%

Widy-Behiesse M.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2023

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issue 3-4 (287-288)

239-248

EN

Muslim communities, living as ethnic minorities, constitute nearly half of the world’s whole Muslim population. The number of Muslims in Germany, Great Britain, and other West European countries is constantly growing. Until recently, Muslims were scarcely visible to the receiving society, and Islamic law was silent about their specific situation. Nevertheless, in this growing population, charismatic thinkers sometimes emerge, who are actively involved in further developing the Muslim perspective by incorporating new issues vital to contemporary Muslims. Participation in civil society, as well as many other phenomena compounded by globalization, are among the most important factors. While functioning in non-Muslim societies, the thinkers are aware of the pressing need for updating and verifying Islamic law so that it can be practiced without restraint within a non-Muslim environment, without having to resort to alienation from the rest of society. The term “fiqh of a minority” (fiqh al-aqalliyyat) was used for the first time in 1994 by Taha Jabir al-Alwani. Another theoretician and supporter of the fiqh of a minority is Jusuf al-Qardawi. The concept of the fiqh of a minority, as viewed by the two alims, will be presented in the article.

17

Reality and criticism of giftedness in the Spanish education system

70%

Muñoz-Mohedano A. J., Martin-Sanchez M. A.

The New Educational Review

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2016

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vol. 43

137-146

EN

The paper tries to be a critical analysis of and a theoretical reflection on minority students: gifted children in the Spanish education system. To carry out this study and achieve the objectives set up, we took into account a qualitative methodology, framed within the constructivist paradigm in the social sciences. Being a gifted child in Spain is a problem because gifted children are not being adequately addressed, as the Ministry of Education recognizes. An objective analysis of the current situation can become a way of changing it. In addition, we have to pay attention to the principles and rights of the awareness of diversity.

18

Interruption in Women's Conversations: The Effects of Context in Ethnic Majority and Minority Group Interactions

61%

Leman P., Ikoko T.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2010

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vol. 14

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issue 1

61-70

EN

The present study explored how the conversation dynamics of women from ethnic majority and minority groups varied in different conversational contexts. Sixty undergraduate students (mean age 19.5 years) engaged in unstructured, introductory talk in pairs and then discussed how they should rank a list of possible improvements to a university campus. Minority group women used more positive interruptions in both settings, and in introductory talk there was less positive interruption in cross ethnic than same ethnic pairs. Majority group women used a similar pattern of interruptions in introductory and task discussion. However, in task discussion, minority group women used less positive and more negative interruptions when talking with another minority group woman, and more positive and fewer negative interruptions when talking with a majority group woman. These findings suggest that minority group women modify their interaction styles depending on the type of conversation and the ethnicity of their partner.

19

„Němečtí Židé“ v Československu v letech 1945–1948

61%

Sedlická M.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2016

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vol. 8

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issue 1

120-131

EN

This article deals with the situation and legal status of the so-called German Jews in Czechoslovakia during 1945–1948. It focuses on Jewish survivors who declared that they had German nationality in the 1930 census. Not all Jews who had lived in pre-war Czechoslovakia were allowed (after the end of the Second World War) to take Czechoslovak citizenship. Those who were barred from doing so were largely Czechoslovak Jews with German nationality or German-speaking Jews. The article describes their efforts to obtain Czechoslovak citizenship. The author concentrates on their post-war fears of being expelled from Czechoslovakia. The article focuses on the efforts of the Jewish representatives to protect and help the German Jews.

20

Ekonomiczne aspekty polityki integracyjnej Austrii wobec imigrantów

61%

Godlewska E.

Przegląd Europejski

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2018

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vol. 2018(1)

89-102

PL

In recent years the public debate in Europe has been dominated by the topic of refugee crisis. Disputes on its solving have become a part of public life in practically all European countries. Intergovernmental organisations, like the European Union for example, are also interested in this problem. Austria is one of the countries that directly experienced the influx of migrants. In the context of these events, it is worth considering three issues. First of all, is it possible to continue the existing assumptions in the time of the migration crisis? The second is the question of specific challenges for the “integration package” implemented in Austria. The article also attempts to answer the questions: what is the main costs of integration and what is the opinion about this costs? The economic factor has been discussed from several perspectives – the cause, the effect and the kind of challenge for Austria’s integration policy. W ostatnich latach dyskusję publiczną na kontynencie europejskim zdominował temat kryzysu uchodźczego. Spory dotyczące sposobów jego rozwiązania stały się ważnym elementem debaty w większości państw Europy oraz przedmiotem zainteresowania organizacji międzyrządowych, w tym przede wszystkim instytucji Unii Europejskiej. Jednym z państw, które w sposób bezpośredni doświadczyły wzmożonego napływu migrantów stała się Austria. W tym kontekście warto zastanowić się nad trzema kwestiami. Po pierwsze – czy w dobie kryzysu migracyjnego możliwe jest kontynuowanie dotychczasowych założeń polityki migracyjnej i integracyjnej? Drugi problem badawczy stanowią szczególne wyzwania dla realizowanego w Austrii „pakietu integracyjnego”. W artykule podjęto również próbę odpowiedzi na pytania o główne koszty integracji i o to, jaki jest poziom akceptacji społecznej dla ich ponoszenia. Tytułowy czynnik ekonomiczny został omówiony z kilku perspektyw – jako przyczyna, skutek oraz swoistego rodzaju wyzwanie dla polityki integracyjnej Austrii.

Refine search results

Why Minor, Not Major?

Litwini w III RP

Roger Blench and Stuart McGill (eds.), Advances in Minority Language Research in Nigeria, vol. I, African Languages Monographs, Kay Williamson Educational Foundation, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2012, 372 pp.

Tatarzy polscy – tożsamość kolektywna w kontekście regulacji ustawowych

Karaimi. Pytanie o tożsamość

PRESS OF THE GERMAN MINORITY IN POLAND IN 1989-2017

One Culture or Multiple Cultures? The Diversity of Roma People in Poland

National Minority Organisations in Prague: structure, competence and social activities

Roma immigrants in Western Europe – the example of France and Italy

THE TOLERANCE IN ISLAMIC LEGAL MODEL

Różnice pokoleń na rynku pracy? Nowe spojrzenie na znane zjawisko

Między grupą etnograficzną a narodem. Status Tatarów polskich w świetle dotychczasowych badań

Ocena projektu nowelizacji ustaw: o stosunku Państwa do Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w RP oraz o stosunku Państwa do Karaimskiego Związku Religijnego w RP

The Dynamics of Slovak-Hungarian Relations – The Shift from Language Issues to Legal and Symbolic Questions

Kryzys berberyjski z 1949 roku – zapomniany epizod historii algierskiego ruchu niepodległościowego

FIKH MNIEJSZOŚCI – ROZWÓJ I ZNACZENIE DLA ZACHODNICH MNIEJSZOŚCI MUZUŁMAŃSKICH

Reality and criticism of giftedness in the Spanish education system

Interruption in Women's Conversations: The Effects of Context in Ethnic Majority and Minority Group Interactions

„Němečtí Židé“ v Československu v letech 1945–1948

Ekonomiczne aspekty polityki integracyjnej Austrii wobec imigrantów