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EN
This article deals with children’s music books written by Izabella Klebanska and Anna Czerwinska-Rydel. The author analyzes the content of the musical knowledge contained in the mentioned sources. Systematizes and exchanges issues in books. In addition, she describes the variety of ways of presenting musical knowledge. He points out the significant differences in the work of both authors and gives examples of their applied – not only – literary works, aimed at broadening the knowledge and shaping the musical interest of the young reader. It then discusses the illustration function, which is an important factor in helping or distorting the reception of the next, and thereby contributing to the cognitive competence of the child in the in the field of music.
EN
Memes as cultural transmission units or imitation units were first described by the British biologist Richard Dawkins. Being the equivalent of genes, they are able to undergo replication processes, spread “from brain to brain” and evolve. These catchy, attractive and easy to remember structures are also found in music. Based on the assumption that memetics is not a popular science among musicians, both practitioners and teachers, the analysis undertaken in this text is an attempt to reflect memetic practice in the methods of the musical education developed by Zoltan Kodály, Carl Orff, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze and Edwin Gordon. It is also an offer for educators who are looking for new inspiration to work with children, either in music or general education.
EN
This paper describes the concept of the praxial philosophy of musical education by David J. Elliott. Worldwide applications of this concept are becoming increasingly apparent. It challenges the traditionally understood education through art that draws on aesthetic fundamentals. The author makes an explication of the category of competence in the praxial concept of musical education. She is inspired by the idea of the reconstructive cultural competence of a subject proposed by A. Męczkowska.
EN
One of the important elements of musical education is correct body posture and the ability to properlay use the motor organ to play. This work presented the possibility of applying biomechanical tests to support and enhance the education of playing instruments. The results showed that it is possible to perform such an assessment based on measurements of the body’s centre mass (COM) and loads exerted on the feet. The measurement data collected in this way enables quantitative evaluation of the body posture and the COM movement during the playing activity.
EN
Singing activity is the basis of music education and its essential implementation form at all stages of general education. Voice is a primary musical instrument and an elementary means for performing that enables pupils to approach musical art in an appropriate way so that they can successfully receive, experience and evaluate it. With the research we discover and prove the importance of mastering the vocal technique of teachers, which is a prerequisite for quality singing activity in primary school. From the stated it follows that the application of a quality method of vocal technique, which teachers use both in speech and singing undoubtedly means improving the quality of singing activity in the educational process. The results also highlight important correlations between teachers and pupils in music education, and especially in singing activities, where we determine the strong influence of teachers on pupils.
EN
The aim of the article is to present an original initiative (whose originator and animator is the Argentine-Israeli pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim) to create in Berlin a college with a musicalhumanistic profile as an institutional platform for dialog and understanding among young people coming from war ridden countries of the Middle East (Syria, Israel, Palestinian Authority, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon). The academy is expected to educate around 90-100 young musicians from Middle East countries. The establishment of an experimental cultural-educational institution, the Barenboim-Said- Akademie (8 December 2016) deserves attention for a variety of reasons: political, cultural, educational, social. It is an interesting phenomenon because of the many functions to be performed by the Academy itself (its fundamental task being education and learning: tutoring in music and humanistic subjects), its students (perfecting their professional skills and learning the history and culture of another nation through music), and last but least the institution as a music center (offering Berlin and its citizens an original concert hall). The study attempts to communicate the message and main assumptions of the initiative with an emphasis on the support it has received in Germany from different institutions ranging from the Bundestag, through the federal government (especially the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Office of the government of the FRG for culture and the media) to other bodies cooperating in the creation of the Academy. Thanks to the determination and unfailing endeavors of one individual it was possible to create a music college dedicated to performing, on a neutral ground, educational, integrative and political functions for people from other cultural environments. Germany is a country with an openness to other cultures and a favorable socio-political climate for the development of artistic personalities and initiatives towards integration and peace. The indirect observation method was used in the study; it was based on information and materials collected by the analyzed institution as well as on interviews and utterances of competent politicians.
EN
The personality of a musician has a considerable influence on their playing Deeper examination of this context has substantial potential for use within the framework of the musical-educational process. We focused on the relationship between personality and playing and identifying specific psychological factors which are relevant for musical development, including their place within a broader context of other factors. The research is focused on violinists, but it may be applicable analogously to all musicians.
EN
The concept of music performance achievement or musical achievement is variably understood and operationalised in different ways in research. Assessing the level of instrumental music performance is a complex task, requiring the assessment of many aspects of music performance. The aim of this article is to analyse (a) the ways achievement in music performance is understood, (b) factors affecting the assessment of instrumental music performance, and (c) tools used to measure such achievements. We describe the distinctions made in terms of the level of music expertise attained and the quality of the performance. We also present factors considered when assessing performance achievement: types of musical performance tasks, choice of repertoire, assessment criteria, such as the overall impression of the performance, technical ability, expressive components, and the basic parameters of the quality of the performance. Finally, we discuss available assessment tools, indicating their limitations.
EN
The paper argues that the contemporary model of musical education, as we know it today, has been shaped over a long process conditioned by the general reception of music as a form of art on the one hand, and on the other remaining in direct relation with various pedagogical concepts. The article, as an attempt to highlight the most influential trends affecting the model of musical education throughout the ages, demonstrates how the role of music in human life was interpreted in Ancient, Medieval and Modern periods. The author presents opinions on music and education as articulated by philosophers, pedagogues, psychologists, but also music theorists and composers. Finally, the paper critically discusses contemporary questions that arise in reflections on musical education pertaining to its essence but also its purposes, methodology, etc.
PL
Treść artykułu przedstawia kwalifikację zakresu kompetencji nauczycieli. Ukazuje, jak niemożliwe obecnie jest, aby jedna osoba – nauczyciel uczący w klasach I–III szkoły podstawowej – posiadała wysokie kompetencje w zakresie wszystkich edukacji, a szczególnie w zakresie edukacji muzycznej. Wysokie kompetencje nauczyciela należycie wspomagają edukację i rozwój osobowości dzieci, jednak wadliwa polityka oświatowa nie bierze tego pod uwagę.
EN
The content of the article presents the classification of the competence of teachers. It shows how nowadays it is impossible for one person – a teacher teaching in classes I–III of primary school – to have a high level competence in all education, especially in the field of music education. High competence of the teacher duly support education and personality development of children, but flawed education policy does not take this into account.
EN
In the article the author highlights the corrective effect on the violated components of psychomotor development of preschool age children with reduced vision in the process of musical education. In order to obtain the results of the study, a number of methods were used: analysis, systematization, generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature, pedagogical experiment with ascertaining and forming stages and statistical checking. Stating diagnostics has revealed a number of violations in musical and motor activity, spatial organization of the dance movement, coordination of movements, coordination of speech movements, which are determined by the objects of correction. The author presents correction-development tasks and reveals methodological ways of their realization in the direction of overcoming the highlighted violations due to the introduction of specific methods, techniques, means of musical education. Important in the process of this activity appeared the sensory-perceptual development in various types of musical activity, which envisaged the involvement in the work of stored analyzer systems: auditory, visual, motor-kinesthetic, and others. Importance was given to the development of residual vision, its functions (eye-motor mechanism, tracing functions, deep vision, eye-measure, color vision, etc.). In order to strengthen the correctional effectiveness of musical education, corrective exercises have been introduced: rhythmic, musical logo-rhythmic, horizontal rhythmic plastic, musical therapy. As the result of corrective efforts, there were qualitative positive changes in all of the studied components of psychomotor development, which proves the effectiveness of the selected corrective effects. Children with reduced vision became more active, tried to keep the trajectory of motion on a conditional straight line, learned to distinguish clearly the directions of space and move in accordance with them, improve the quality of walking, coordinated interaction of movements with their hands and feet with tempo-rhythmic agreement with music and speech, etc. Relevant is the introduction of the above mentioned ways of correction of psychomotor development in the conditions of inclusive education and upbringing of children with reduced vision during musical activity.
EN
Education of children at 7–11 age is characterized as multifaceted. It covers both the intellectual development of the individual and the sphere of their personality, as well. The article discusses the subject of music education as a field that supports overall human development, shapes their sensitivity, stimulates the development of social competences, and prepares for active participation in culture. The objects of consideration were the aims of music education. Their detailed analysis allows to determine the importance of this marginalized field in the educational process. The text presents not only the benefits of stimulating the musical development of children but also the risks posed by omitting it in school situations. The specificity of didactic activities related to the musical activity of children at the first level of education is also presented.
PL
Edukacja dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym ma charakter wielopłaszczyznowy– obejmuje zarówno działania wspierające rozwój intelektualny jednostki, jak również oddziaływania na sferę jej osobowości. W artykule podjęto temat edukacji muzycznej jako dziedziny, która wspiera holistyczny rozwój człowieka, kształtuje jego wrażliwość, stymuluje rozwój kompetencji społecznych, a także przygotowuje do aktywnego uczestnictwa w kulturze. Przedmiotem rozważań uczyniono cele edukacji muzycznej. Ich szczegółowa analiza pozwala określić znaczenie tej marginalizowanej dotąd dziedziny w procesie edukacyjnym. W tekście przedstawiono nie tylko korzyści wynikające ze stymulowania rozwoju muzycznego dzieci, ale także zagrożenia, jakie niesie ze sobą pomijanie tej sfery w edukacji formalnej. Przybliżono także specyfikę działań dydaktycznych odnoszących się do aktywności muzycznej dzieci na pierwszym etapie edukacyjnym.
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zwrócenie uwagi na fakt, że żłobek, mimo że w polskim społeczeństwie pojmowany bywa najczęściej jako miejsce wychowania i opieki nad dzieckiem do lat trzech, jest także miejscem propedeutycznej edukacji małego dziecka, w tym edukacji muzycznej. Przedmiotem rozważań podejmowanych w artykule stają się więc potrzeby i możliwości rozwojowe dziecka, standardy jego funkcjonowania w placówce żłobkowej, sposób konstruowania procesu propedeutycznej edukacji, w tym edukacji muzycznej. Dokonując analizy dostępnych źródeł, tj. przeglądu literatury dotyczącej opieki, edukacji oraz rozwoju dziecka do lat trzech, a także ofert żłobków niepublicznych na terenie Poznania, przeprowadzonej w roku 2014 oraz 2015, i wyciągając wnioski z wieloletniej obserwacji poczynionej w ramach współpracy z placówkami opieki, wychowania i kształcenia dzieci oraz wywiadów z rodzicami, autorka dochodzi do przekonania, że placówki opieki nad małym dzieckiem mają konkretne zadania w zakresie wspierania jego rozwoju. Z uwagi na fakt, iż w żłobkach przebywać mogą dzieci jeszcze w wieku niemowlęcym, oczywiste się staje, że w ramach opieki istotna będzie pielęgnacja dziecka, warto jednak podkreślić, że wobec każdego dziecka objętego opieką należy sprawować funkcje wychowawcze i edukacyjne, te ostatnie jednak (jak okazuje się w praktyce) trudno jest dookreślić w odniesieniu do tak małego dziecka. Edukacja, tak jak i rozwój człowieka, rozpoczyna się w momencie jego poczęcia. Edukacja w żłobku jest więc edukacją poniekąd nieformalną. Edukacja propedeutyczna w żłobku, a w jej ramach także edukacja muzyczna, jest istotnym elementem codziennej pracy z małym dzieckiem. Podejmując próbę stworzenia definicji edukacji muzycznej małego dziecka, trzeba zaznaczyć, że ponieważ ruch, a następnie zabawa jest dominującą formą aktywności dziecka w wieku żłobkowym, propedeutyczna edukacja muzyczna w żłobku odbywać się powinna poprzez aktywizowanie dziecka, a następnie w trakcie tej aktywności i w formie zabawy. Edukacja muzyczna ma charakter propedeutyczny i nieformalny, jest zintegrowana z codzienną aktywnością dziecka. Jej celem nie jest tylko i wyłącznie kształtowanie kompetencji muzycznych, ale także wszechstronne stymulowanie rozwoju.
EN
The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the fact that the nursery, besides being most commonly perceived in Polish society as a place of upbringing and care over children under three, is also a place of the propedautic education of children, including their musical education as well. The issue that is raised in this abstract are the needs and growing skills of a child, his or her functional standards in a given nursery, the way of creating the propedautic educational process as well as musical education. Working on accessible sources like the literature concerning care, education and development of a child under three, offers of the private nurseries in Poznań taken in 2014 and 2015 and on conclusions taken from longstanding observation based on the author’s cooperation with nurseries, the upbringing and education of children and talks with parents, the author comes to the conclusion that the nurseries have specific tasks in supporting the development of children. Taking into consideration that if infants are allowed to be left in nurseries it is obvious that nursing is an essential issue in their care. It is crucial to highlight that, towards every child over care upbringing and educational functions should be taken, those last ones (as the practice shows), however, are difficult to refer to such a small child. Propedautic education in nursery, as well as musical education, is an essential element of every day work with a small child. Undertaking to create a musical definition of a small child it should be highlighted that action and then fun are the dominant forms of child activity at pre- kindergarten age. Propedautic musical education in nursery should take place through the child’s activation and then, during this activity, through fun. Musical education has a propedautic and informal character and is integrated with child’s activity. Its purpose is not only shaping musical competence but the overall stimulation of development.
Roczniki Pedagogiczne
|
2015
|
vol. 7(43)
|
issue 2
107-126
PL
Biorąc pod uwagę znaczenie edukacji muzycznej w rozwoju i wychowaniu dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym, warto podejmować zagadnienia związane z tym tematem i analizować je pod kątem teoretycznym, implikując wnioski dla praktyki pedagogicznej. Dlatego artykuł dotyczy dydaktycznych aspektów edukacji muzycznej w przedszkolu. Autorka porusza problem celów przedszkolnej edukacji muzycznej, jej uwarunkowań oraz aktywnych form kontaktu dzieci z muzyką, do których należy śpiew, gra na instrumentach, ruch przy muzyce oraz słuchanie i tworzenie muzyki.
EN
Musical education plays a significant role in the development and education of preschool children. It is important to take into consideration issues related to this topic and analyze them in terms of theoretical, implying conclusions for practice teaching, which is why this article is about the educational aspects of musical education in preschool. The author discusses the problem of preschool musical education purposes, its conditions and active forms of exposure of children to music, which include singing, playing instruments, movement and listening to music and making music.
PL
Pojęcie osiągnięć muzycznych lub sukcesu muzycznego jest różnie rozumiane i w różny sposób operacjonalizowane w badaniach. Ocena poziomu wykonania utworu muzycznego jest zadaniem skomplikowanym, wymaga ewaluacji wielu aspektów wykonania. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy sposobów ujmowania osiągnięć muzycznych, czynników decydujących o ocenie osiągnięć w grze na instrumencie oraz narzędzi wykorzystywanych do pomiaru tych osiągnięć. Omówiono rozróżnienie na kryterium poziomu wykonania i kryterium jakości wykonania. Przedstawiono czynniki, które są brane pod uwagę w ocenie osiągnięć muzycznych: typ zadań; repertuar muzyczny; kryteria ewaluacji, takie jak: ogólne wrażenie, ocena umiejętności gry na poziomie technicznym i ekspresyjnym, ocena elementarnych parametrów jakości gry. Opisano także narzędzia wykorzystywane do pomiaru osiągnięć w grze na instrumencie i wskazano ich ograniczenia.
EN
The concept of music performance achievement or musical attainment is variably understood and operationalized in different ways in research. Assessing the level of music instrumental performance is a complex task, requiring the assessment of many aspects of music performance. The aim of this article is to analyze (a) the ways achievement in music performance is understood, (b) factors affecting the assessment of instrumental music performance, and (c) tools used to measure such achievements. We describe the distinctions made in terms of the level of music expertise attained and the quality of the performance. We also present factors considered when assessing performance achievement: types of musical performance tasks, choice of repertoire, assessment criteria, such as an overall impression of the performance, technical ability, expressive components, and the basic parameters of the quality of the performance. Finally, we discuss available assessment tools, indicating their limitations.
EN
This article presents the survey research on the musical preferences of secondary schools youth of the city – Płock. The purpose if the research was to discover the musical preferences of Płock secondary schools youth considering the type of the school they are attending, sex, additional musical activity, personal traits and their school grades.
PL
W dobie autonomii Galicji Tarnów posiadał dwa gimnazja, które miały w siatce godzin przedmioty: śpiew i muzyka. Były to przedmioty nadobowiązkowe, na które młodzież chętnie uczęszczała w porównaniu z innymi przedmiotami. Nauczanie śpiewu miało na celu przygotowanie chóru szkolnego, który zapewniał oprawę muzyczną różnych uroczystości kościelnych i szkolnych. Nauka odbywała się w dwóch oddziałach: I – niższym i II – wyższym, a liczba godzin nie przekraczała 4 tygodniowo. Repertuar obejmował przede wszystkim pieśni religijne i świeckie. Oprócz śpiewu w gimnazjach tarnowskich prowadzono także nauczanie muzyki. W I gimnazjum działała orkiestra mieszana, a w II – dęta, smyczkowa i mandolinowa. Orkiestry wchodziły w skład Kołka Muzycznego. W repertuarze zespołów znajdowały się utwory patriotyczne, muzyka poważna (operowa, operetkowa) oraz powszechnie znane i przyjemne do słuchania marsze, polo-nezy, mazury itp. Wysoka frekwencja na lekcjach śpiewu oraz w zespołach muzycznych potwierdza chęć rozwoju zainteresowań muzycznych gimnazjalistów i świadczy o potrzebie kształcenia muzycznego na każdym etapie edukacji człowieka.
EN
In the era of autonomy of Galicia Tarnow had two gymnasiums, which had in their curriculum subjects like singing and music. Although these were facultative subjects, young people were eager to attend the lessons, in comparison with other facultative subjects.Teaching singing was intended to prepare the school choir, which provided the musical setting for the church and school ceremonies. Learning was organised at two levels, I – the lower and II – higher. The number of hours did not exceed four per week. The repertoire included mostly religious songs and secular songs. Apart from singing in gymnasuims music was taught . In the I gymnasium was a mixed orchestra, and in the II gymnasium brass, string and mandolin. The orchestras was a part of Musical Circle.The repertoire of instrumental ensembles included patriotic songs, classical music (opera, operetta), commonly known and pleasant to listen to tunes, such as: marches, polonaises, mazurs. High attendance in singing lessons and in music ensembles confirms the desire to develop musical interest among junior high school students and testifies to the need for music education at every stage of human education.
EN
This article is of a descriptive, explanatory and methodical character. The authors’ interest in musical improvisation is taken from Edwin E. Gordon’s theory of music learning. The key to pupils making improvisational efforts is to develop preparatory audiation in the home and in kindergarten, and then to sequentially develop proper audiation at school by systematically experiencing tonal and rhythmic patterns based on different musical scales (tonalities), in the order of music learning. The authors give an example of developing the readiness for improvi-sation and the ability to improvise on the basis of the authors’ song.
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PL
Artykuł przedstawia działalność płockiego zespołu Farben Lehre na przestrzeni trzydziestu lat działalności na polskiej scenie. Opisuje w jaki sposób płocczanie zaczynali swoją przygodę z muzyką, jak tworzyli swoje utwory, nagrywali kolejne albumy i koncertowali w kraju, jak i za granicą.
EN
The article presents the activities of Plock band Farben Lehre over thirty years on the Polish stage. It describes how band started its adventure with music, and create their songs, recorded albums and toured the country and abroad.
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