Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 16

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  oikonym
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The article gives a linguistic analysis of place-names ending in -awka and -awki. The purpose of the paper was to single out oikonyms whose endings are also suffixes which form names and to analyze the role they play in those names. Place-names ending in –awka are very rare. Their basis are verbs, but also adjectives and nouns. They bring topographic and sometimes cultural information. It is typical that (apart from the oldest documented name of the village of Rudawka in Western Pomerania (Pomorze Zachodnie) there are no such names in the western zone, they occasionally occur in Western Pomerania and central Poland. There are more such names in Lesser Poland (Małopolska) and in the eastern part of Poland. All this proves that the -awka suffix does not perform a word- forming function.
EN
The paper presents an extensive quantitative phonotactic analysis of a corpus of 15,051 Czech oikonyms. The results are confronted with the appellative vocabulary represented by a corpus of 45,991 words from the dictionary Slovník spisovné češtiny (2003). Oikonyms contain phoneme combinations not attested elsewhere, in particular consonantal combinations, all of which are discussed in detail. An analysis of the overall structure of the oikonyms and appellatives is also offered, showing that Czech prefers words beginning with a single consonant, ending in a vowel and containing one medial two-consonant combination. Moreover, it prefers three-syllable words and words with all syllables occupied by short vowels. Except for the unattested phoneme combinations, the phonological structure of the oikonyms is not much different from that of the appellative words.
EN
The article presents the productivity of the name Józef and its variants in the creation of Polish personal and place names in the historical perspective, taking into account the frequency and geographical location of such names. In the surnames derived from the name Józef, known from the Middle Ages and later sources, various adaptations of the name have been recorded, including graphic and phonetic variants, dialectal and East Slavonic realisations. Most of the toponyms derived from the afore-mentioned name were more recently created in the 19th century. Among the names, toponyms with the suffixes: -ów, -owo, and -in dominate. Some place names have a commemorative genesis. The surnames and place names discussed in the article occur in various regions of the country, but the largest turnout is in the Mazowieckie, Łódzkie, Wielkopolskie and Lubelskie provinces.
PL
W publikacji podejmujemy próbę scharakteryzowania niektórych sposobów nominacji zegarków oraz przedstawiamy przykłady nazw tychże urządzeń powstałych na bazie ojkonimów. We wstępie przytaczamy definicje transonimizacji, cytując wypowiedzi znanych lingwistów, np. A.W. Superanskiej, N.W. Podolskiej, Dż. Łatypowa, jako jednego ze sposobów tworzenia nazw własnych, W dalszej części omawiamy niektóre nazwy zegarków wyekscerpowaneze zbioru ponad 1000 tego typu onimów. Kończąc artykuł przedstawiamy wynikibadań, które pokazują, że nazwy zegarków powstałe na bazie ojkonimów odzwierciedlajązjawiska kultury zachodzące na określonym terenie w różnych epokach historycznych oraz są odzwierciedleniem współczesnych tendencji nazewniczych.
EN
In our publication we try to characterize some ways of nominating watches and give examples of the names of those devices created on the basis of oikonyms. In the introduction we cite the definitions of transonymization, quoting the statements of famous linguists, eg A.V. Superanska, N.V. Podolska, D. Latypov, as one of the ways of creating proper names. Subsequently, we discuss some of the names of watches extracted from the collection of over 1000 such onims. Finally, we present the results of research that show that the names of the watches created on the basis of the oikonyms reflect the cultural phenomena taking place in a given area in different historical epochs and that they reflect the current trend of naming.
EN
The author of the article examines the area with places with names featuring the archaic suffix *-jь located within the borders of present-day Ukraine between the 15th and the 20th century. This general conclusion has been known for a long time because the oikonyms *-jь, *-ja, *-je in Slavic countries, including Ukraine, have been studied since the 19th century. Authors of such studies have explained the origins and structure of the various names, which are not easy to interpret on account of phonetic changes. However, knowledge of this group of oikonyms is insufficient in Ukraine, hence the idea of their detailed study and presentation on maps.
EN
The active nominating processes have started in the linguistic landscape of Ukraine quite recently. These processes have been caused by the political and economic transformation of the society: most importantly by the need to rename a number of cities, villages and streets in accordance with the law of decommunization, which came into force in 2015. This research is focused on 889 names of Ukrainian villages and urban settlements that emerged as a result of the decommunization process in 2016. The analysis of these oikonyms revealed two main directions of motivational processes. The first of them was restoring the former (old) names to villages (these names, 280 oikonyms, 31.5%, make up a third of the whole research material), for instance: village Жабки / Zhabky, village Кам’янецькі Хутори / Kamjanetski Khutory. The second way how to rename a settlement was to create new names (there are 609 items of this kind in the represented material, i.e. 68.5% of all renamings), for instance: village Бережани / Berezhany, village Чумацький Шлях / Chumatskyi Shliakh. When restoring the historical names, inhabitants, as a rule, used the names from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century or names that emerged at the moment of foundation of the settlement (village Бузькі Пороги / Buzki Porohy, village Василів Хутір / Vasyliv Khutir). Among 280 restored historical names about 70 belong to the cultural heritage of original nation and national communities of Ukraine, which is about 8% of all renamings (village Карабулат / Karabulat, village Торосове / Torosove).
CS
V posledních letech v ukrajinské jazykové krajině probíhají aktivní pojmenovací procesy. Je to vyvoláno politickou a ekonomickou transformací společnosti: především nutností přejmenování řady měst, obcí a ulic v souladu se zákonem o dekomunizaci, jenž nabyl platnosti v r. 2015. Tento příspěvek je věnován 889 přejmenováním ukrajinských obcí v důsledku procesu dekomunizace během roku 2016. Analýzou změněných oikonym byly zjištěny dva základní směry procesů motivace. První z nich představuje navrácení původních názvů obcím, zde bylo nalezeno 280 jednotek, což tvoří 31,5 % všech přejmenování neboli jejich třetinu (např. с. Жабки, с. Кам’янецькі Хутори). Druhý proces je spojen s tvorbou nových názvů, ve shromážděném materiálu jsou tato onyma zastoupena 609 jednotkami, jež představují 68,5 % všech přejmenování (např. с. Бережани, с. Чумацький Шлях). Při návratu historických názvů se zpravidla vycházelo z názvů z konce 19. a začátku 20. století nebo názvů, které vznikly v okamžiku založení obce (Бузькі Пороги, Василів Хутір). Mezi 280 navrácenými historickými názvy patří skoro 70 pojmenování (čtvrtina případů) do kulturního dědictví původních národů a národnostních menšin Ukrajiny, jedná se o 8 % celkového množství přejmenování (např. с. Карабулат, с. Торосове).
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Imię Maria w polskiej ojkonimii

84%
Onomastica
|
2017
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
43-51
EN
Place names derived from the given name Maria belong to the category of place names generated from women’s names. They appear quite late in history, the earliest records dating to c. the 16th and 17th centuries. They preserve and honour the names of the wives, daughters and other relatives of the locations’ founders. Formally, they belong to many types of derivatives, while their base is often a diminutive form of the name Maria. Foreign place names of French and German origin, adapted in many ways to the Polish language (phonetically, morphologically, lexically), are also of note. Such names are mainly found in central and northern Poland, and are entirely absent from the southern regions.The older place names, recorded around the 13th–14th centuries, are those derived from the name Maria, which refer to Blessed Mother Mary as the patron of a monastery (Teutonic Order) or church. There are many found in the Elbląg and Olsztyn voivodeships (regions), which is indeed related to the presence of Teutonic Order monasteries in this area. This type of place name is not entirely foreign to the Polish method of name giving, however it appears rarely, and (other than Mariańsk) later. The Blessed Mother Mary as a patron saint is a common inspiration for church and street names. However, in comparison to church and street names, there are no place names inspired by the qualities of the Blessed Mother Mary (except Marzęcin, German Jungfer and Niepokalanów, however the latter refers to a monastery, not a place).
EN
The author stresses the fact that the time is anthropocentric: in the language and in the culture it is perceived through the prism of human life. Two ways of reading time in oikonyms are identified as the most important: the examination of proper names of settlements with components old and new, and the word building analysis, in which time correlates with the oikonym building model, which is characteristic of a specific period of the society development. In the research the author focuses her attention on the second of these ways. It has been noted that taking the oikonym building formant into consideration, we can single out oikonyms of the old Ukrainian (princely) period; names of the settlements of the old Ukrainian epoch (XIV−XVII centuries); oikonyms of the new Ukrainian time (late ХVІІІ–ХІХ centuries). In the names of the settlements of the postwar period of the XX century, which appeared as a result of renaming, and in the names of the settlements of the early XXI century with renovated former or assigned modern names, the suffix is not an indication of temporality. Extra lingual information contributes to time establishing of these names. It has been clarified that possessives with formants *-jь (*-j-а, *-j-е), -ів (<*-ovъ), -ин (<*-inъ); names-pluratives with formants -ичі (<*-іtj-i), -ани/ -яни (<*-any/*-jany), -івці (<*-оvьci), -инці (<*-inьci); oikonyms with formants -ськ /-цьк (<*-ьskъ), -н (<*-ьn), -ець (<*-ьcь), -иця (<*-ic-a) are the explicators of the ancient period of founding and naming settlements. At the same time the presence of the formant -івк-а, -к-а, -иха, -(щ)ин-а in an oikonym is an indication that the name of the settlement is new. It has been stressed that linguistic data can have a claim on objectivity only in combination with extra lingual (historical, cultural) information. New names could be formed by archaic pattern, so the suffix in them performed only a formal function and was a means of toponymisation. Single oikonyms with the latest formants appeared also in ancient documents, that is why it is inappropriate to categorically state the impossibility of founding such names in the Middle Ages or even earlier. It has been stated that modern oikonyms have undergone many modifications; suffixes were changed the most; that is why only the synchronous and diachronic analysis of onym enables the real-time vision of founding and naming a settlement. It has been proved that time as an important aspect of human consciousness, determined by the mother tongue and the national culture, leaves epoch colouring unique for each ethnos in the names of settlements.
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy sposobów odtwarzania lingwistyczno-kulturalnej kategorii czasu w ojkonimach. Zrwócono uwagę na to, że czas jest antropocentryczny − i w języku, i w kulturze jest odbierany przez pryzmat ludzkiego życia. Jako podstawowe ustalone zostały dwa sposoby odczytywania czasu w ojkonimach: rozważanie nazw własnych osiedli z komponentami nowy – stary oraz analiza słowotwórcza, w której czas pozostaje w korelacji z modelem ojkonimotwórczym, cechującym poszczególne okresy rozwoju społeczeństwa. W badaniu skupiono uwagę na drugim z wyżej wymienionych sposobów. Zauważono, że uwzględnianie formantu ojkonimotwórczego umożliwia wyodrębnienie starożytnych ojkonimów ukraińskich z okresu książęcego; nazwy osiedli starożytnej epoki ukraińskiej (ХІV–ХVІІ w.); ojkonimy okresu nowoukraińskiego (koniec ХVІІІ–ХІХ w.). W nazwach osiedli z okresu powojennego XX w., które powstały w wyniku zmiany nazw, oraz w nazwach osiedli z początku XXI w. z przywróceniem dawnych nazw lub nadaniem nowych, przyrostek nie występuje jako cecha temporalności. Przy ustaleniu czasu powstania takich nazw przydatna jest informacja ekstralingwistyczna. Ustalono, że possesywy na *-jь (*-j-а, *-j-е), -ів (<*-ovъ), -ин (<*-inъ); nazwy-pluratywy na -ичі (<*-іtj-i), -ани/ -яни (<*-any/*-jany), -івці (<*-оvьci), -инці (<*-inьci); ojkonimy na -ськ /-цьк (<*-ьskъ), -н (<*-ьn), -ець (<*-ьcь), -иця (<*-ic-a) są eksplikatorami dawnego okresu założenia oraz nazwania osiedli. Jednocześnie obecność w ojkonimie formantu -івк-а, -к-а, -иха, -(щ)ин-а wskazuje na młodość nazwy osiedla. Podkreślono, że informacje lingwistyczne mogą pretendować do obiektywności tylko w połączeniu z informacją ekstralingwalną (historyczną, kulturologiczną). Nowe nazwy mogły powstać według schematu archaicznego, przyrostek pełnił więc wyłącznie funkcję formalną, był środkiem toponimizacji. Niektóre ojkonimy z nowoczesnymi formantami zostały odnotowane w dawnych dokumentach, dlatego niedopuszczalne jest kategoryczne twierdzenie o niemożliwości powstanie takich nazw w epoce średniowiecza lub nawet wcześniej. Określono, że współczesne ojkonimy uległy wielu modyfikacjom. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza przyrostków, dlatego wyłącznie synchroniczna i diachroniczna analiza ojkonimu umożliwia określenie rzeczywistego czasu założenia i nazwania osiedli. Udowodniono, że czas jako ważny aspekt ludzkiej świadomości uwarunkowany jest językiem ojczystym i ustala się przez kulturę narodową, pozostawia w nazwach osiedli niepowtarzalne dla każdej grupy etnicznej barwy epoki.
EN
Homonymy at all levels, which is a distinct feature of all natural languages, is also one of the most significant obstacles to automatic natural language processing. In this paper, we will point out the morphosyntactic differences of Czech anthroponyms ending in -slav ( Miroslav-type, masculine) and Czech oikonyms with the same ending (Miroslav-type, feminine) and Czech anthroponyms ending in -slava (Miroslava-type feminine, because its forms are homonymous with both: masculine anthroponyms and feminine oikonyms). The analysis of data from the Syn v8 corpus shows that word form homonymy significantly influences the results of automatic morphological analysis. We will document errors in the coverage of the automatic analyzer dictionary and, above all, errors in morphological tagging, and we will propose a solution to partially improve the automatic disambiguation of the given type of proper nouns.
EN
The article considers the ancient Belarusian proper geographical names attested in written records and maps for the period from 1569 to 1795 years.  The lexical-semantic, structural-grammatical and phonetic-orthographic peculiarities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth place names and main stages of their evolution are analyzed.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony białoruskim własnym nazwom geograficzym, które wyekscerpowano z dokumentów urzędowych i map z lat 1569–1795. Przedmiotem analizy są właściwości leksykalno-semantyczne, strukturalno-gramatyczne oraz fonetyczno-ortograficzne toponimów w okresie Rzeczypospolitej. W artykule zwórcono także uwagę na ewolucję analizowanych jednostek toponimicznych.
RU
У артыкуле разглядаюцца старажытныя беларускія ўласныя геаграфічныя назвы, засведчаныя ў дзелавых помніках пісьменнасці і на картах у перыяд з 1569 па 1795 гады. Аналізуюцца лексіка-семантычныя, структурна-граматычныя і фанетыка-арфаграфічныя асаблівасці тапонімаў у часы Рэчы Паспалітай і асноўныя этапы іх эвалюцыі.
Acta onomastica
|
2021
|
vol. 62
|
issue 2
304-322
EN
This article analyses the geographical names ending in *-ьn, *-ьskъ, *-any/*-jany, *-itji, *-j(ь), *-ovъ/*-evъ, *-inъ of the right-bank Polesia in the 15th century. The analysed material comes from historical documents and secondary literature. The oikonyms of these archaic types are analysed according to the structure and meaning of the word stems used as the name bases. The areas of these names are described and visualised on a map chart.
CS
Článek se zabývá místními jmény pravobřežního Polesí s formanty *-ьn, *-ьskъ, *-any/*-jany, *-itji, *-j(ь), *-ovъ/*-evъ, *-inъ v 15. století. Prameny pro výzkum oikonymického materiálu byly historické památky a rejstříky. Oikonyma těchto archaických typů byla analyzována z hlediska struktury a významu fundujících základů. Hranice areálu těchto názvů jsou popsány a vizualizovány na mapě.
EN
The paper deals with various word formation processes concerning proper nouns. The research is to prove that formants contain semantic markedness, the value of which (or its social perception) has been changing during the development of language and its onymic systems and that semantic markedness of topoformants is connected with the onymic category.
Onomastica
|
2017
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
289-302
EN
The article analyses Polish oikonyms ending in -atka, discussing whether this ending is a suffix, i.e. -at-ka, or simply appears to be one. Based on the method of morphological division, the findings suggest the existence of two distinctive groups of oikonyms: those with the suffix -at-ka, and those with three extended variants of this suffix: -ow-at-ka, -aw-at-ka and -ew-at-ka.
Onomastica
|
2017
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
129-141
EN
The article demonstrates the chronological continuity of the two-component name Cz(ś)cibor and its variants in the Polish language, as well as their productivity in surname and geographical name creation. The frequency, geography, and structure of proper names (anthroponyms and name-derived toponyms), and in the case of oikonyms, renominations, were taken into account. The anthroponymic and toponymic material quoted in the article indirectly points at the geography of the name variant Cibor, which has to be considered a typically Mazovian form. The oldest medieval oikonyms created from the derivatives of the name Cz(ś)cibor mainly identify objects located in the northern part of the historical Mazovia and in Silesia. In Mazovia, ancestral names with the phonetic variant Cibor as their base are more numerous, while in the southern regions we note patronymic names based on the onym Ścibor.
EN
The article deals with the methodology of analysing the oikonymic material in the linguistic-cultural aspect; the basic methods and techniques of such investigation have been determined. The author has emphasised that the descriptive method serves to consider oikonyms as specific encyclopaedic texts; the comparative historical method helps to study social-historical conditions of name formation; the structural one assists in finding the position of every oikonym in the system and structural paradigm of the language; the comparative method is determined to consider the place of the oikonyms of Ukraine among the names of human settlements of other national systems; the method of field investigation of the material involves modelling of linguistic-cultural portraits of oikonyms. There are four principles of naming human settlements and it has been discovered out which linguistic and cultural information the names formed according to each of these principles comprise. The term oikocultureme has been suggested, and the national specificity and linguistic-cultural universality of onyms (proper nouns) marked with this term have been analysed. The author has proved that studying oikonyms in the linguistic-cultural aspect presupposes the usage of methods and techniques of linguoculturology and onomastics.
PL
W artykule opisano metodologię analizy materiału ojkonimicznego w aspekcie lingwokulturologicznym; określono podstawowe metody i techniki takich badań. Podkreślono fakt, że metoda opisowa służy do traktowania ojkonimów jako rodzaju tekstu; metoda porównawczo-historyczna – do badania społeczno-historycznych warunków tworzenia nazwy; strukturalna metoda pomaga odnaleźć pozycję każdego ojkonimu w paradygmacie systemowo-strukturalnym języka; porównawcza – rozważyć miejsce ojkonimów Ukrainy wśród nazw miejscowości innych systemów narodowych; metoda badań terenowych polega na modelowaniu portretów lingwokulturologicznych ojkonimów. Zadeklarowano cztery zasady nominacji osadniczej oraz określono informacje językowe i kulturowe zawarte w nazwach utworzonych zgodnie z każdą z tych zasad. Zaproponowano termin ojkokulturonim, zbadano specyfikę narodową i uniwersalność językowo-kulturową onimów, oznaczonych tym terminem. Udowodniono, że badanie ojkonimów w aspekcie lingwokulturologicznym oznacza stosowanie metod i technik lingwokulturologii i onomastyki.
UK
 W artykule charakteryzują się współczesne ukraińskie oikonimy jako znaki onomastycznego lingwokulturowego kodu. Podkreślono jest znaczenie lingwokulturowej informacji ustanowione w każdym nazwaniu miejscowości i opisano metodykę lingwokulturologicznego badania onomastycznego materiału. Podkreślono także, że współczesne oikonimy przez lata, a nawet przez wieki swego istnienia często zostawali poddawane fonetycznym, morfologicznym zmianam. Również została zmiana nazwy osiedli i powrócono do pierwotnych nazw, ale współczesnik żyje w "polu magnetycznym" terazniejszego nazwania i tylko ono jest fenomenalnym jezyko-kulturowym znakiem, który demonstruje antropocentryczny charakter zamieszkanego osobą miejsca. Zaproponowano jest  termin oikokultoronim, przeanalizowano krajową specyfikę i jezyko-kulturową wszechstronność onimów, zaznaczonych tym terminem.
EN
The article focuses on Russian place names motivated by personal names. The anthropogenic character of the cultural and social phenomenon that is a city is reflected in them in a very special way. The aim of the article is to take a look at the functions served by place names as language signs, as well as cultural collective symbols, instruments of communal identification of group representations, and vehicles of collective memory. The analysis provided shows that throughout history, the users of Russian language moved from place name-giving based on realistic meaning (localization, orientation and possessive functions) to their extensive usage for pragmatic purposes (ideological function). However, Russian oikonyms, especially the constructions based on anthroponyms presented here, seem to enduringly remain the signs stabilizing (cumulative function) and creating (performative function) a socio-topographic space.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.