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EN
Carme Riera is one of the canonical authors of Catalan contemporary narrative. Even though her work has been broadly studied, no scientific studies have been carried out on the meaning and importance of the prefaces in her literary work. Riera shows a high interest for this paratext, which uses for conferring a special meaning to her writing as well as for influencing the reader. On the basis of the Paratext Theory of Genette, explained in Seuils (1987), the present article provides detailed analysis of all fictional prefaces encompassed in the publications of the last forty years of this author (1975–2015). This study unravels the high importance of the fictional prefaces, not only in order to understand in depth the meaning of her writing, but also as a decisive tool to distinguish key aspects of the literary work of this Majorcan writer.
EN
A title is a very important part of a work, not only functioning as a proper name, and informing about the content, but also attracting potential customers. Moreover, the titles are often deeply culture‑rooted, they refer to the specific events, places, or other texts popular in a given culture. This paper analyzes the selected sample of several dozens of movie titles translated from English into Polish with particular emphasis on transfer methods that are most commonly used. This paper investigates the various functions fulfilled by the titles rendered by each of the described methods. The article examines how the different methods are received by the viewers, and how they function in the target culture.
EN
The author of this paper begins with showing the role played by covers today (a cover as a marketing tool used by a publisher, as a paratext presenting a publication and encouraging people to read it, and as a “commercial interpretation” of a text) and demonstrates that they are a special place where the intentions of the author of a text, the needs of its publisher, and the expectations of readers clash. She chooses the following specific issue as the object of her investigation: book metaphors used in paratexts of popular scientific studies. It has not been examined from this angle before. By analysing the metaphors used by publishers, she shows that they are strategies of attracting readers. The author focuses on the aspects of metaphors that allow publishers to achieve the objectives of not only typical covers but also ones imposed on popularisation of science. Analyses indicate that metaphors are applied mainly to stimulate the readers’ minds, to engage them emotionally, and to open them to the cognitive values brought by scientific knowledge.
Stylistyka
|
2017
|
vol. 26
269-289
EN
The aim of the article is an attempt to define the term “glossary” in a new way. “Glossary” is codified as a dictionary explaining difficult, outdated, rarely used and unknown words in an old or foreign-language text, or words put at the end of scientific or popular science texts. In this, its prescriptive function is emphasized. In lexicographical compendia, the other definition is evoked. In accordance with it, the glossary is identified with a dictionary compiled for a translation machine. Observation of current language use has shown that there are a few other ways of understanding the term “glossary.” Its main function is now a descriptive function. For the sake of methodology, the article discusses the most common language behavior in this regard. Glossaries found in fantasy texts are characterized in detail because they fulfill a special role in the creation and perception of this type of literary work. The main idea in the article is the argument that every product of a culture (a text) carries a fixed cultural pattern here: a perpetuating pattern. A glossary has been identified as paratext, hence its description is put forth with the tools used in the field of text studies and linguistic enre.
5
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Psychoparatekstualność życia codziennego

89%
EN
The article describes the experience of psychoparatextuality in contemporary everyday life. Using selected examples, the author shows how numerous individualized, often accidental supplements to works and texts that occur in copies become texts in themselves for someone else’s life world. This allows us to make the further claim that in the contemporary media context the paratextual has become an entire reality vis-a-vis texts that appear on laptop and smartphone screens.
PL
Artykuł opisuje doświadczenie psychoparatekstualności we współczesnym życiu codziennym. Na wybranych przykładach autor pokazał, w jaki sposób liczne zindywidualizowane, często przypadkowe dodatki do dzieł i tekstów występujące w używanych kopiach stają się tekstami właściwymi dla czyjegoś świata życia. Pozwala to na dalsze twierdzenie, iż we współczesnym środowisku medialnym paratekstualna stała się cała rzeczywistość wobec tekstów zjawiających się na ekranach laptopów i smartfonów.
EN
This study focuses on the postfaces that accompany Karel Čapek’s Writings (published 1980–1995), with an eye to the way they relate to the primary texts. The first part explores the nature of these essays, as well as the topics they address, in relation to Gérard Genette’s theory of paratexts. The author then goes on to examine certain presuppositions in the essays about the experience of reading Čapek’s writings, and how or whether authors of the essays are aware of their role in mediating this experience. In a third and final part of the study, the author examines the demands placed on literature during the period 1948–1989, and how they are reflected in the postfaces.
EN
For a range of reasons, there has been a tendency to preach a dearth of interest in the ways writers assert their authorship, constructing individual and collective writerly identities to voice their authorial intentions. While some theoreticians and philosophers, evoking the ghost of biographical positivism, promoted anti-authorialism, postmodernity was immersed in intertextual studies. Though the announced death of the author assumed a significance matching the earlier death of God, the author returns as “writer,” scriptor or “function” in the writing of Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault, as the process of becoming (Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari) or as a performative concept (Gérard Genette, Erika Fischer-Lichte). The aim of the article is to examine a narrow selection of writing authored and co-authored by three women playwrights—Deborah Levy, Djanet Sears and Tanika Gupta—who set out to speak on why they write, aiming in that way to articulate their authorship in essays, notes and conversations which have the status of diverse paratextual forms. The article starts by exploring the relevance of discussions on authorship as well as the implications of institutional policies in regard to women writing for the theatre. Further on, on a tropological level, the article analyses the figurative rendering of self-reflection as a passage from roots to routes, from a concept of fixed identity to mobile, performative concepts converging on epistemological alertness and openness to recognising the ontology of writerly identity as becoming.
EN
Life stories, fictional biographies, biofictions, biographical novels, imaginary life, etc. have been one of the major trends in French literature in the recent decades. Our article deals with the analysis of the paratext (titles, subtitles, titles genre, epigraphs, editorial indices, etc.) which frames and represents these texts. We know that the paratext is not secondary to text understanding, since, both literally and metaphorically, it is the very threshold thereof and generates the reader’s first horizon of expectations. Actually, we suppose that the latter highlights the ambiguity generated in turn by the existence of two pacts, of which the texts under study are a shining example. Admittedly, from a certain point of view, it seems that the paratext anchors the story in the “real world”, because it states, explicitly or implicitly, that the character whose life is recounted is a person who really existed (it is common knowledge that denotative or referential functions are characteristic of the biographical project). Sometimes, however, simultaneously and contradictorily, other paratextual indications (such as “novel”, “collection”, “fiction”, etc.) introduce a pact of fictional reading. In short, the paratext sometimes seems to indicate that “there is nothing true, nothing false” (Lamartine) in what we are about to read. We then examine the strategies of the paratext which establish the biographical discourse, as well as the relationship represented in the texts by the pair “biographé / biographant”. In the final phase of the approach we identify the main functions different paratextuals can have in literary works as well as in biographical discourse.
PL
In 16th–17th-century’s liturgical books one can find numerous additions regarded as redundant and optional. These paratextual elements are: verbal (e.g., prefaces, dedicational verses or letters, afterwords, introductions), iconic (schemas, illustrations) and both combined. Unnecessary materials in printed liturgiarions apart from the above-mentioned are: teachings of Jan Chrysostom, Basil the Great and Gregory Dialogos – the authors of Divine Liturgy and the short eulogistic compositions about Church Fathers, sometimes accompanied by their images. These additional elements are great evidence of development of liturgical practice, documents certifying intellectual level of Ruthenian clergy and renovating ambitions of hierarchy. For this reason, they should be widely considered as worthy sources in the study about religion reform in the Metropolitanate of Kiev and of a church culture in old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
EN
The paratextuality is one of the transtextual relations distinguished in Gerard Genette’s typology. This relation is considered to be one of the most privileged area of pragmatic dimension of the work and its infl uence on the reader. According to Genette’s theory, paratexts are thought to be texts which surround a central text, i.e. titles, subtitles, intertitles, introductions, prefaces, editorial remarks etc. The article undertakes problems concerning functions of paratextual elements in the rhetorical prose as oriented to infl uence persuasively. As the research material there are taken journalistic writings and orations (i.e. applied rhetorical prose) of Jan Śniadecki – an outstanding representative of intellectual and cultural life at the turn of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The analyzed paratextual units of texts (titles, subtitles, intertitles, and prefaces) enabled to observe that those units make a signifi cant space in constructing rhetorical utterances – they introduce the reader into an atmosphere of rhetorical persuasion, and announce a tone and quality of discourse (polemicity, instructiveness, emotionality, and suggestiveness), as well as they signal persuasive strategies chosen by the author to realize aims of his utterances (e.g. self-creation of the sender through a topos of modesty, arguments appealing to experience and attitude of care).
PL
Paratekstualność jest jednym z typów relacji transtekstualnych wyróżnionych w typologii Gerarda Genette’a. Jest to relacja uważana za jedno z najbardziej uprzywilejowanych obszarów pragmatycznego wymiaru dzieła, to jest jego oddziaływania na czytelnika. Zgodnie z koncepcją Genette’a za paratekst uważane są składniki okalające tekst właściwy, a więc tytuły, podtytuły, śródtytuły, wstępy, przedmowy, posłowia, uwagi od wydawcy itd. W artykule podjęta została problematyka funkcji elementów paratekstowych w prozie retorycznej, ukierunkowanej na oddziaływanie perswazyjne. Materiał badawczy stanowią pisma publicystyczne i oracje (czyli retoryczna proza użytkowa) jednego z najwybitniejszych przedstawicieli życia umysłowego i kulturalnego przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku – Jana Śniadeckiego. Poddane analizie jednostki paratekstowe tekstów tego autora (tytuły, podtytuły, śródtytuły oraz przedmowy) pozwoliły na obserwację, że jednostki te są znaczącą przestrzenią w konstrukcji wypowiedzi retorycznej – wprowadzają odbiorcę w atmosferę retorycznego perswadowania, zapowiadają ton i jakość dyskursu (polemiczność, dyrektywność, emocjonalność i sugestywność) oraz sygnalizują strategie (mechanizmy) perswazyjne obrane przez autora do realizacji celów swoich wystąpień (np. autokreację nadawcy poprzez topos skromności, argumenty odwołujące się do doświadczenia i postawy troski).
11
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Przekład tekstu naukowego i rola paratekstów

75%
EN
The article analyses translator’s problems and the role of different paratexts (such as footnotes, comments, forewords, afterwords and text on the cover of books) in the translation of specialized texts (scientific ones in particular). In this type of texts, the information is imperative to the reader, so every intervention of a translator makes the sense more clear in the translated work.
EN
Mikhailo Slozka, Lviv printer, was the author of many paratexts (prefaces, letters of dedications, heraldic verses) in Cyryllic religious books, mainly liturgical ones. There were books printed on their own initiative and prepared in his typography and those ordered by local Orthodox brotherhood. The reader (mostly clergyman), gained form the knowledge about the role of the book in religious, spiritual and cultural-educational life, he learned respect for books and knowledge. He got to know the creators of the most important books used in the Church and those intended for individual prayer and deepening of the Christian formation. The activities of Slozka undoubtedly favored the renewal of religious and cultural life in the Metropolitanate of Kyiv and are worth further scientific research.
EN
This paper reflects on the visual practices involving the circulation of portraits of authors in their publications, and in public sphere. The photographic portrait of the author interjects the belief that the presence of the author through and in the image familiarizes and intensifies its subject’s presence and declares the author’s identity. As a visual paratext, a portrait becomes an autobiographical space of self-invention and self-construction. I wish to illustrate these processes by focusing on Tadeusz Różewicz’s (1921–2014) complex ways of accessing visibility and manners of “fixing” his identity in the collaborative work he produced with the photographer Adam Hawałej under the title Rubbish Dump (2015).
PL
Paratekstualność jest jednym z typów relacji transtekstualnych wyróżnionych w typologii Gerarda Genette’a. Jest to relacja uważana za jedno z najbardziej uprzywilejowanych obszarów pragmatycznego wymiaru dzieła, to jest jego oddziaływania na czytelnika. Zgodnie z koncepcją Genette`a za paratekst uważane są składniki okalające tekst właściwy, a więc tytuły, podtytuły, śródtytuły, wstępy, przedmowy, posłowia, uwagi od wydawcy itd. W artykule podjęta została problematyka funkcji elementów paratekstowych w prozie retorycznej, ukierunkowanej na oddziaływanie perswazyjne. Materiał badawczy stanowią pisma publicystyczne i oracje (czyli retoryczna proza użytkowa) jednego z najwybitniejszych przedstawicieli życia umysłowego i kulturalnego przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku – Jana Śniadeckiego. Poddane analizie jednostki paratekstowe tekstów tego autora (tytuły, podtytuły, śródtytuły oraz przedmowy) pozwoliły na obserwację, że jednostki te są znaczącą przestrzenią w konstrukcji wypowiedzi retorycznej – wprowadzają odbiorcę w atmosferę retorycznego perswadowania, zapowiadają ton i jakość dyskursu (polemiczność, dyrektywność, emocjonalność i sugestywność) oraz sygnalizują strategie (mechanizmy) perswazyjne obrane przez autora do realizacji celów swoich wystąpień (np. autokreację nadawcy poprzez topos skromności, argumenty odwołujące się do doświadczenia i postawy troski).
XX
The paratextuality is one of the transtextual relations distinguished in Gerard Genette’s typology. This relation is considered to be one of the most privileged area of pragmatic dimension of the work and its infl uence on the reader. According to Genette’s theory, paratexts are thought to be texts which surround a central text, i.e. titles, subtitles, intertitles, introductions, prefaces, editorial remarks etc. The article undertakes problems concerning functions of paratextual elements in the rhetorical prose as oriented to infl uence persuasively. As the research material there are taken journalistic writings and orations (i.e. applied rhetorical prose) of Jan Śniadecki – an outstanding representative of intellectual and cultural life at the turn of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The analyzed paratextual units of texts (titles, subtitles, intertitles, and prefaces) enabled to observe that those units make a signifi cant space in constructing rhetorical utterances – they introduce the reader into an atmosphere of rhetorical persuasion, and announce a tone and quality of discourse (polemicity, instructiveness, emotionality, and suggestiveness), as well as they signal persuasive strategies chosen by the author to realize aims of his utterances (e.g. self-creation of the sender through a topos of modesty, arguments appealing to experience and attitude of care).
EN
Based on an analysis of two Prefaces to Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto. A Gothic Story, the paper offers a cognitive poetics view of paratext, a literary device defined by Genette as “a threshold of interpretation”. Viewed as a symptom of the author’s presence “with-in” and “with-out” text, paratextual information is held to play an important role in text interpretation. It is claimed that a literary work’s interpretation is a result of the speaker/author – hearer/reader meaning negotiation which takes place in the Current Discourse Space (Langacker 2008) and involves intersubjectification, a cognitive process referred to by Langacker as “apprehension of other minds” (Langacker 2007).
EN
The captions under visual materials located in the press fit into a category, which, against the background of numerous works devoted to the variant of language used by the press, seems to be almost completely unnoticed by researchers of the language used in media. One can ask oneself at this point the question of whether this constitutes a wilful lack of attention by media linguists convinced of the sterility of captions as a potential area of study or is actually a result of a peculiar oversight. Based on the assumption that captions posted by media broadcasters under the photographs can comprise an interesting field of scientific exploration, an attempt will be made of their systematization. The captions coming from a total of six Polish-German newspapers will serve as the basis for the research material.
EN
Paratext has a considerable impact on the shaping of the way in which a literary work is open to each translation, as well as the dynamics of this openness. critical paratexts that refer to an existing translation prove that new attempts arise from the readers’ unfulfilled expectations. Peritexts, where the poetics of a given author is discussed, point out that the aesthetic value of a given work corresponds to the number of readings of that work (including translations). They also provide a justification (albeit not an indirect one) for individual translation solutions, similarly to paratexts, where the translator provides reflections on his or her own translation. on the other hand, elements of critical epitexts (i.e. reviews) oftentimes become an integral part of a new translated text in a series.
HR
Književnoj djelo je otvoreno prema svakom novom prijevodu. Paratekstovi u velikoj mjeri oblikuju vrstu i dinamičnost tog “otvorenja”. Kritički paratekstovi su dokaz da je uzrok nastojanja novih prijevoda istog dijela neispunjena očekivanja čitatelja.  S druge strane paratekstovi koji govore o poetici konkretnog pisca dokazuju da postoji paralelizam između vrijednosti književnog dijela i broja njegovih interpretacija (dakle također broja prijevoda). U njima nalazimo također opravdanje posebnih traduktoloških rješenja, slično kao u paratekstovima u kojima prevoditelj objavljuje razmatranja o vlastitom prijevodu. Sastojci kritičkih epitekstova često postaju sastavni dio novog prijevoda u seriji.
EN
This article is an analysis of the survey which I conducted to obtain data necessary for my BA thesis. Its goal was to compare the reactions of the Britons and Poles to the provocative ideas presented in 1992 novel by Sue Townsend The Queen and I. The article includes comments provided by the participants, which were taken into consideration in the analysis. The results show that although the translator’s paratext is sometimes inevitable, although it may only fill the gaps in the readers’ knowledge – it will not provoke the same emotional reaction as the original.
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę badania, które przeprowadziłem w celu zdobycia materiału potrzebnego do przygotowania mojej pracy licencjackiej. Istotą badania było porównanie reakcji Brytyjczyków i Polaków na kontrowersyjne wątki zawarte w powieści Sue Townsend Królowa i ja z 1992 roku. W tekście zawarto komentarze uczestników i odniesiono się do nich podczas analizy. Wyniki pokazują, że paratekst dodany przez tłumacza bywa niezbędny, chociaż może on jedynie wypełnić luki w wiedzy czytelnika – nie sprawi, że emocjonalne reakcje czytelnika tłumaczenia będą takie, jak reakcje czytelnika oryginału.
Porównania
|
2023
|
vol. 33
|
issue 1
85-105
EN
This article focuses on representative paratexts accompanying Polish language editions in fairy tales from Jacob and Wilhelm Grimms’ selection published in the Polish market in 2000-2021. On a basis of, among others, forewords, afterwords, blurbs, information included in prelims, and colophons, an attempt was made to signal research problems concerning the cultural status of Grimms' Fairy Tale emerging from paratexts. A particular attention was paid to communication strategies of editors, publishers and translators, as well as to potential receiving consequences of elements surrounding and supplementing the actual text of a tale.  
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na reprezentatywnych paratekstach towarzyszących polskojęzycznym edycjom baśni ze zbioru Jakuba i Wilhelma Grimmów wydanych na polskim rynku wydawniczym w latach 2000–2021. Na podstawie m.in. przedmów posłowi, blurbów, informacji zawartych na czwórce tytułowej, kolofonów podjęto próbę zasygnalizowania problemów badawczych, dotyczących kulturowego statusu baśni Grimmowskich, jaki wyłania się z paratekstów. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na strategie nadawcze redaktorów, wydawców i tłumaczy oraz potencjalne odbiorcze konsekwencje elementów stanowiących obudowę i uzupełnienie tekstu właściwego baśni.
EN
The article stems from a media linguistic perspective and serves as a case study for comparing the roles of a journalist and a writer. The author chose a textual experiment for that purpose, namely the 23–24 April 2016 edition of Gazeta Wyborcza, a Polish daily. On that day the paper turned into Writers’ Newspaper and was prepared in full by several dozen writers from Poland and abroad. The project’s aim was to promote reading the press and literature. The author analysed metatextual and paratextual elements along with self-commentaries regarding the project. The results show the experiment indicated the communicative specificity of the journalistic profession: the particularities of the editorial office, the importance of the topic, of character limits and fact-checking. As a communication experiment, the newspaper underlined the interactive nature of the modern-day press and its openness to the reader.
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