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EN
The article presents the issues of energy security with regard to center-peripherality theory using Central and Eastern Europe as an example. Until now the subject of energy security has not been discussed in the context of this theory and the author presents the question of peripherality of the region in terms of energy policy. Due to their long-lasting historical, political and economic dependence, CEE states do not possess secure and well-diversified sources of energy supply; in this area they depend on Russia. Moreover, they do not have an appropriate level of technology for investing in the latest and most ecological energy resources typical for the wealthy states of the former EU-15. Thus, their capability to influence the agenda of EU energy policy is lower than those of the EU-15 states. The following article aims to define the factors of peripherality and to examine its influence on the energy security policy adopted by CEE states.
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Językowe pogranicza polszczyzny

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Czym jest Polska? Historia na peryferiach

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EN
This text is a discussion of the book A History of Polish Theatre (Cambridge University Press, 2022)—a volume edited by Katarzyna Fazan, Michal Kobialka, and Bryce Lease, which covers the history of Polish theater from the Old Poland period to the present day. As an aside, the author offers a reflection on the categories of peripherality and Polishness constructed in the book, noting their connection to the historical experience of political transition and the binary East–West opposition that emerges within it. It also brings out the possibility of thinking differently about Polishness in some of the texts, which, however, still represents only a potential, perhaps to be exploited in further research on Polish theater.
EN
The Church always took measures for people in need of support and assistance. Teaching successive popes and the Second Vatican Council repeatedly undertook the subject. Recalled by Pope Francis option for the poor it can be read in terms of the existential. Disability because it is often perceived as a form of poverty, physical or mental. Therefore, as the Church’s teaching is the actual practice in this topic? Or the community of the Church with disabilities are full members or rather are created for them to certain groups in advance to determine their dysfunctions? This article addresses the issue of intellectual disability as a special space to proclaim the Gospel. Also tries to answer the question whether this space is not a field mission of the Church.
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Emotion at the Edge

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EN
Are emotions internal episodes – psychical or neurological – as is often claimed? Some certainly are; but I maintain that an important class of emotions are “peripheral”; by this I mean that they consist in what we pick up from others’ expressions of their emotions in words, gestures, or actions – or from surrounding circumstances of various sorts. These expressions and circumstances contain affect clusters that manifest themselves to us exophanously, literally “showings-forth.” I explore both of these basic situations of “the transmission of affect” (Brennan). I also present an abbreviated periphenomenological description of various ways in which emotions have their own peculiar edges, thereby correcting and supplementing the common conception that edges inhere only in physical objects.
EN
The paper analyses the problem of a rural region in the peripheral position. Bojkovice micro-region on the Czech (Moravian)-Slovak border has been chosen as a case study. Economic transformation of productive and non-productive branches, demographic development (depopulation and aging) and networking in the area were characterized by using statistical data and field research. Development, understood as improvement in quality of life and not in sense of quantitative growth, is highlighted with regard to the changing perception of the countryside. The question remains: how to use peripherality for prosperity? Peripheral countryside is known as “the right countryside” in comparison to suburbanized and globalized countryside in core regions. Based on the research, production embedded in local sources and traditions, ecological agriculture using the protection of landscape and soft tourism are proposed as solutions. Networking like the association of municipalities, LEADER local action group or White Carpathian Euroregion could be the instruments of micro-regional collaboration. The human and social factors seem to be more important than objective conditions. Long-term population stability is the main advantage. However, a lower level of formal education could be a problem. The character of social capital is considered as a decisive circumstance - whether it is passive social capital resistant to outer innovations or active social capital open for now ideas.
EN
Departing from the analysis of the relationship between the birth of the subject of race and the development of capitalism (Mbembe), Sajewska examines the status of blackness in semi-peripheral countries, such as Poland, whose participation in the history of colonial expansion is negligible, as is its influence on the shape and prosperity of capitalism. In her text she proposes to look at peripheral cultural practices as ways of producing and problematizing knowledge. She focuses her attention on Artur Żmijewski's film Glimpse, which was first presented at documenta 14 in Athens in 2017, as a result of the artist's month-long trip with his camera to areas affected by repressive refugee policy. In her historical-cultural analysis of the film, Sajewska shows the position of the artist as a subject representing "peripheral modernity" (Pratt), who on the margins of the European center - in refugee camps - once again performs the racist scenes that underpin the idea of the center’s modernity. Reflecting on the provincial status of the discourses, on the ways in which they are “travelling” in culture, on the localness of the archive and on the regional character of the concepts, she opens up perspectives on peripheral history and culture theory.
PL
Portuguese art history experienced remarkable development after World War II, especially with the work of José-Augusto França, who was responsible for establishing a historiographic canon for nineteenth- and twentieth-century Portuguese art that still endures. José-Augusto França developed a narrative that held Paris up as an artistic and cultural role model in relation to which he diagnosed a permanent delay in Portuguese art. This essay analyses França’s idea of belatedness in the context of Portuguese art historiography and political history and how it is part of a genealogy of intellectual thought produced in an imperial context, revisiting previous art historians and important authors, such as Antero de Quental and António Sérgio. Moreover, it aims to address how the concept of belatedness was associated with the idea of “civilisation” and the idea of “art as civilisation.” Belatedness also has implications in the constraints and specificities of writing a master narrative in a peripheral country – a need particularly felt in the second half of the twentieth century, to mark a political standpoint against the dictatorship that ruled from 1926 to 1974. Part of the reaction to fascism expressed the desire to follow other nations’ democratic example, but the self-deprecating judgements on Portuguese art were frequently associated with the identification of essentialist motifs – the “nature” of the Portuguese people, their way of thinking, of living, their lack of capacities or skills – and of a self-image of being “primitive” in comparison with other European countries that has antecedents going back to the eighteenth century. I will address the nostalgia for the empire and the prevailing notion of belatedness throughout the twentieth century regarding unsolved issues with that nostalgia.
EN
Decentralization processes are increasingly becoming the driving force of changes in the modern world, and how regional elites use their advantages and minimize their disadvantages depends on whether they will turn out to be a boon or a factor of social destruction. It is extremely important in modern conditions that the social and humanitarian sciences contribute to the conceptualization of system-dynamic interdisciplinary knowledge, the scope of which will cover not only the hierarchy of centers and peripheries within a single country, but also the space «above» state borders, which is amenable to regulation. The article is devoted to highlighting modern methodological approaches to reviewing the concepts of center-periphery relations and developing a new model of regionalism, which is based on the recognition of the freedom of pluralism and the intransitive importance of the ideas of multiculturalism. In this context, all cognitive strategies built on the advantages of the ideas of centralization, and first of all on the traditional model of center-periphery relations and modernization, undergo correction. It has been proven that the postmodern situation in which modern society is located is the least reminiscent of a domineering vertical, built according to the usual canons of center-periphery. Rather, it is associated with a heterogeneous horizon that can be modified in a wide variety of configurations. Reviewing the concepts, models and structure of established center-periphery relations contributes to rethinking the mechanisms and scope of influence of political, economic and cultural centers on the course of social development of spatial structures in the context of new challenges. Built on this foundation, the theory of center-periphery polarity is seen as an innovative operational tool in the entire system of natural and social sciences, which to one degree or another are engaged in the analysis of spatial relations
Studia Hercynia
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 1
61-70
EN
The paper provides an overview of the first Bronze Age finds discovered in recent years in the peripheral area near the upper course of the River Malše, at the border between today’s regions of southern Bohemia and Upper Austria. Several isolated finds of metal items and two hoards from the southern Bohemian part of the upper Malše basin indicate the use of this area, seemingly uninhabited in the Bronze Age, as a possible communication corridor connecting the two above mentioned regions. For the first time, a hoard of bronze artefacts from the Late Bronze Age from Tichá is published in this paper, which significantly contributes to the knowledge and possible interpretation of prehistoric human activities in this region.
EN
This study focuses on how the Caribbean diaspora is reflected in the novel Levente no. Yolayorkdominicanyork by the New York–based Dominican artist Josefina Báez. Through dialogues and anecdotes the author depicts the everyday life of a community of women living in an apartment building located in a Hispanic neighbourhood in New York. In a close reading, I read the apartment building, called ‘Ni é’, as a metaphor of a glocal community. The novel can thus be read through the lens of the postcolonial debate about centre and periphery. I also analyse the work through the lens of the thirdspace theory, which is an especially important concept for some feminist critics of gentrification of the social space, such as Gloria Anzaldúa and Barbara Hooper. My analysis of specific scenes from life on the periphery that the Ni é building and its inhabitants embody draws mainly on the theoretical work La subversión feminista de la economía by the Spanish feminist theorist Amaia Pérez Orozco. Orozco’s critique of capitalist economy and her philosophy of microeconomics is compared with Josefina Báez’s representation of the notion of home.
PL
Th e paper discusses three grand personalities of antiquity: Cicero, Ovid and Seneca in the circumstances of their exile, Th eir attitudes to the punishment received (whose severity varied) were diverse. Nevertheless, all they left a trace in the shape of literary works and letters. Upon reading, one discovers ambiguous attitudes towards their per-sonal misfortunes. Finally, the situation of the exiles and their return may be compared with the archetypal fi gure of Odysseus.
PL
Niewiele się zmieniło od czasu, gdy Stanley Hoffman ogłosił, że stosunki międzynarodowe (IR) są amerykańską nauką społeczną, a John Hobson podkreślił „brak bezwartościowych i uniwersalistycznych teorii relacji międzypaństwowych.” W szczególności od 1970 r., wraz z końcem zimnej wojny oraz rozwojem technologii informacyjnych i komunikacyjnych (ICT), dyscyplina IR stanęła przed poważnymi wyzwaniami w stosunku do swoich podstawowych ram koncepcyjnych i teoretycznych. Pomimo szeregu zmian systemowych i pojawienia się nowego środowiska w stosunkach międzynarodowych, dziedzina ta nadal jest silnie uzależniona od starych, nieodpowiednich i/lub obciążonych wartością koncepcji z początku XX wieku. Co więcej, dyscyplina została przeciążona przez zestaw eurocentrycznych i etnocentrycznych koncepcji, które prowadzą studentów IR do kwestionowania jej międzynarodowego charakteru. Można dyskutować, czy wynika to z niekompetencji czy niewłaściwego używania języka. Artykuł ten ma na celu konstruktywną dekonstrukcję głównych i hegemonicznych koncepcji w IR. W pracy wykorzystano jakościową metodę analizy dyskursu, aby ponownie zbadać związek między użyciem języka i kontekstu, często uważaną za pewnik, co ogranicza rozumienie pojęć stosowanych w dyscyplinie IR w celu promowania innowacji i postępu w tej dziedzinie.
EN
Little has changed since Stanley Hoffman declared International Relations (IR) an American Social Science and John Hobson highlighted the “lack of value-free and universalist theories of inter-state relations.” Since the 1970s in particular, with the end of the Cold War and developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the discipline of IR has faced major challenges to its core conceptual and theoretical framework. Despite several systemic changes and the emergence of a new environment in international relations, the field is still heavily reliant on the old, inadequate and/or value-laden concepts of the early twentieth century. Moreover, the discipline has been overloaded by a set of Eurocentric and ethnocentric concepts which lead IR students to question its international character. It is debatable whether this is due to incompetence or misuse of language. This article aims to deconstruct mainstream and hegemonic concepts in IR in a constructive manner. This paper utilizes a qualitative method of discourse analysis to re-examine the relationship between the use of language and context, often taken for granted, which limits the understanding of the concepts used in the discipline of IR to promote innovation and progress in the field.
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Uciec, ale dokąd…

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EN
This article is one of the voices in the discussion on the semi-peripheral nature of knowledge production systems, inspired by the publication of Gra Peryferyjna by Tomasz Warczok and Tomasz Zarycki. Author focuses on the scenarios of the liberation of Polish social sciences from the semi-periphery of global science, while addressing the conditions for the possibility of breaking with the existing state of dependence of Polish science on central systems of knowledge production.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi jeden z głosów w dyskusji nad półperyferyjnym charakterem systemów rodukcji naukowej, dla której pretekstem była publikacja książki Gra peryferyjna Tomasza Warczoka i Tomasza Zaryckiego. Autor skupia się w nim na scenariuszach wyswobodzenia się przez polskie nauki społeczne z (pół)peryferii globalnej nauki, jednocześnie podejmując kwestię arunków możliwości zerwania z istniejącym stanem zależności polskiej nauki od systemów entralnych.
EN
The paper investigates the approaches employed for attracting international full-degree students in three countries on the periphery of Europe/the European Economic Area: Norway, Poland and Portugal. These countries, considered semi-peripheral regarding international student recruitment, have shorter traditions for incoming mobility than countries that are major recruiters and which have been the focus of previous research on attracting international students. The paper analyses national policies and strategies, focusing on their emergence, rationales and instruments. The study is comparative, aiming to find commonalities and differences in the approaches of these countries further to the changing global environment in higher education. The major finding is that semi-peripheral countries appear to employ different strategies and resort to other comparative advantages than the largest student recruiters, exploiting political, cultural or geographical aspects rather than educational assets. The findings highlight the need for these countries to identify their distinctive attraction capacities and assets, as well as to be purposeful in choosing their target recruitment regions.
PL
W artykule zbadano podejścia zastosowane w celu przyciągnięcia międzynarodowych studentów w trzech krajach leżących na obrzeżach Europy (Europejskiego Obszaru Gospodarczego): Norwegii, Polski i Portugalii. Kraje te, uważane za półperyferyjne pod względem rekrutacji studentów z zagranicy, mają mniejsze tradycje w zakresie mobilności przyjazdowej niż kraje, które są głównymi rekrutującymi i które były przedmiotem wcześniejszych badań dotyczących przyciągania studentów z zagranicy. W artykule przeanalizowano krajowe polityki i strategie, koncentrując się na ich powstawaniu, racjonalnych rozwiązaniach i instrumentach. Badanie ma charakter porównawczy i ma na celu znalezienie podobieństw i różnic w podejściu tych krajów do zmieniającego się globalnego środowiska szkolnictwa wyższego. Głównym wynikiem analiz jest ustalenie, że kraje półperyferyjne wydają się stosować inne strategie i uciekać się do innych przewag komparatywnych niż najwięksi rekrutujący. Wyniki podkreślają potrzebę określenia przez te kraje ich szczególnych zdolności przyciągania i atutów, a także celowego wyboru regionów, w których będą rekrutować studentów.
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PL
August Šenoa należy do przejściowego okresu w literaturze chorwackiej przypadającego na czas pomiędzy romantyzmem a realizmem. Artykuł przedstawia analizę relacji między licznymi przekładami autorstwa Šenoi a jego utworami oryginalnymi  yrażającymi skłonność do estetyki realizmu, w przeciwieństwie dodominującego postrzegania poetyki Šenoi jako romantycznej. W tekście uwzględnionokulturę źródłową i docelową, kulturowe powiązania, kontakty i wymiany, a także możliwe zwroty w postrzeganiu kulturowych peryferii, jak i wpływ gospodarki na politykękulturalną.
EN
August Šenoa belongs to a transitional period of Croatian literature, falling between Romanticism and Realism. The paper analyses the relations between Šenoa’s numerous translations and the poetics of his texts focusing on his proclivity towards the aesthetics of Realism, as opposed to the dominant perception of his poetics as Romanticist. This paper researches the source and target cultures, cultural links, contacts and exchanges, but also possible twists in the perception of cultural periphery, as well as the influence of economy on cultural politics.
EN
The concept of the center and the periphery concerns the description of a selected fragment of the surrounding reality using the model of asymmetric spatial relations occurring in various spheres of life: social, economic, political, military, cultural and other – characterizing the dependence of peripheral areas on the dominant center. Bukovina undoubtedly meets the criteria of the center in terms of the concentration of the social and cultural life of the Polish minority in Romania. Another attribute of the „Polish” Bukovina as a future center is the development in the region of a diversified, including highly specialized, service infrastructure, mainly of a tourist and hotel nature. Finally, Bukovina is a place where a part of Polish cultural heritage is concentrated. On the other hand, Bukovina is a periphery, mainly in terms of geography, politics and administration. However, the borderland of this region results in specific features of the local Polish minority, characteristic of this type of community.
PL
Koncepcja centrum i peryferii dotyczy opisu wybranego fragmentu otaczającej rzeczywistości za pomocą modelu asymetrycznych stosunków przestrzennych zachodzących w różnych sferach życia: społecznej, gospodarczej, politycznej, militarnej, kulturowej i innych – charakteryzujących zależność obszarów peryferyjnych od dominującego centrum. Bukowina bez wątpienia spełnia kryteria centrum w kwestii koncentracji życia społeczno-kulturowego mniejszości polskiej w Rumunii. Kolejny atrybut „polskiej” Bukowiny jako przyszłego centrum to rozwój na terenie regionu zróżnicowanej, w tym wysoce specjalistycznej, infrastruktury usługowej, głównie o charakterze turystyczno-hotelarskim. Jest wreszcie Bukowina miejscem koncentracji części polskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego. Z drugiej strony Bukowina to peryferie, głównie w ujęciu geograficzno-politycznym i administracyjnym. Jednak kresowość tego regionu skutkuje szczególnymi cechami miejscowej mniejszości polskiej, charakterystycznymi dla tego typu społeczności.
PL
Reprezentacja interesów regionu na forum międzynarodowym jest niezwykle ważnym elementem wspierania i przyspieszania rozwoju społeczności lokalnych i regionalnych. Współdziałanie różnych podmiotów, w tym miast oraz innych struktur terytorialnych, przyczynia się do przezwyciężania słabości tkwiących w poszczególnych regionach i wykorzystywania istniejących szans. Niektóre struktury regionalne i transgraniczne radzą sobie dość dobrze i wypracowują skuteczny model reprezentacji wspólnych interesów, inne z kolei mają z tym spore problemy. Celem zasadniczym zaproponowanej analizy jest próba zweryfikowania tezy, iż Związek Miast Bałtyckich (Union of the Baltic Cities, UBC) pozwala skutecznie wspierać interesy regionu bałtyckiego i przyczynia się do przezwyciężania słabości tkwiących w tymże regionie oraz wykorzystywania istniejących szans, dzięki różnym wspólnym działaniom. Warto przypomnieć, że Związek Miast Bałtyckich jest aktywną siecią współpracy ponad 100 miast członkowskich, powstałą w celu rozwijania współpracy i wymiany doświadczeń pomiędzy miastami członkowskimi. Nadrzędnym celem ZMB jest dążenie do demokratycznego, gospodarczego, społecznego, kulturalnego, jak i przyjaznego dla środowiska rozwoju regionu Morza Bałtyckiego. Związek Miast Bałtyckich został powołany do życia na konferencji założycielskiej, która odbyła się w Gdańsku, w dniach 19-20 września 1991 roku, podczas której przedstawiciele 32 miast podpisali deklarację wyrażającą wolę utworzenia organizacji zrzeszającej miasta bałtyckie. Wieloletnia współpraca stanowi zatem doskonałą okazję do próby oceny dokonań tej struktury działającej ponad granicami państw.
EN
Representation of interests of the region in international forums is an extremely important element in supporting and accelerating the development of local and regional communities. The cooperation of various entities, including cities and other territorial structures, contributes to overcoming the weaknesses of the various regions and the use of existing opportunities. Some regional and cross-border structures can cope fairly well and work out an effective model for representation of common interests, while others have big problems. The main goal of the proposed analysis is to verify the thesis that the UBC (Union of the Baltic Cities, UBC) can effectively promote the interests of the Baltic region and contributes to overcoming the weaknesses of the region and using existing opportunities, through various joint actions. It is worth remembering that the UBC is an active cooperation network of over 100 member cities and was founded in order to develop cooperation and exchange of experiences between the member cities. The fundamental UBC goal is to strive for democratic, economic, social, cultural and environmental development of the Baltic Sea region. The UBC has been brought to life at the Founding Conference, held in Gdansk on 19-20 September 1991, during which representatives of 32 cities signed the Declaration expressing a wish to create an organization of Baltic cities. Long-term cooperation of this crossborderly operating structure is therefore an excellent opportunity to try the assessment of its achievements.
PL
The article describes the allegory characteristics as a conceptual and structural linguistic phenomenon. The author determines peculiarities of its realization in the artistic text and introduces the "allegory" concept. Allegorical structures are investigated as polyvalent components of image forming as well as a means of encoding and transformation of knowledge.
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