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EN
Jindřich Honzl’s seminal essay on the “Dynamics of the Sign in the Theater” from 1940 serves as the point of departure for discussing the borderline between the building (or site) where the performance event takes place and its mimetic dimensions, through which the scenography or scenery as well as the acting and all the other elements of a particular production create a specific fictional world, determined by plot, characters and circumstances. The basic issue I raise here is how and to what extent the semiotic coding of the stage and the auditorium, including its two– and three-dimensional semiotic modelling systems, which initially may seem to be a neutral, non-mimetic feature of such an event are profoundly connected to the fictional, mimetic aspects of a theatrical event, even determining what kind of action and characters can appear in such a space.
EN
The present work focuses on two types of narrative perspective — cognitive and perceptual. The cognitive perspective is understood to comprise the ways in which the fictional world can be mentally conceptualized from the standpoint of the characters, or such a perspective is a manifestation of collective opinion, which of course is not the subject of this work. The perceptual perspective is understood to comprise sensual perception, through which the phenomena or events of the fictional world are filtered. Based on Wolf Schmid’s conceptualization, we distinguish two basic aspects of narrative perspective, the first being the way evens are perceived or understood, while the second is the way they are represented and realized within the narrative. Another essential feature is the function of both perspectives, which manifests itself not only in terms of what is filtered by these perspectives and what is reflected in the semantics but also reciprocally. It is then our primary task to follow the way both perspectives functionally determine each other. We perform an analysis of this phenomenon on the corpus of Jan Neruda’s and Jakub Arbes’s prose works, which were written at around the same time. Firstly we show how the identified types of perspective are realized in the prose works of both authors, who each represent a differing realist school in Czech literature. We then focus on their functional correlations and find that Neruda’s prose work is characterized more by situations in which a cognitive perspective on a rationally modal basis determines the perceptual perspective, so that sense perceptions or illusions are corrected by the rational cognitive framework, whereas in the case of Arbes’s prose works under review, the reverse is for the most part the case. The typologically different functional correlation method of both perspectives is manifested in the sphere of diegesis, narrative strategy and composition, as well as in the conception of the fictional time-space, for example. Just as the usage of the perspective type or of the functional correlations does not necessarily determine the narrative composition, nor does it necessarily relate to the overall general orientation of the work on the Romanticism-Realism axis. However, its individual segments (setting and characters) determined by the functional polarity of both perspectives may refer to one of these literary mainstreams of the period.
SL
Predvideni bralec izvirnika Sny i kamienie Magdalene Tulli in predvideni bralec prevoda Sanje in kamni v prevodu Jane Unuk sta dva ločena subjekta. Razlog za razliko med njima je drugačna konfiguracija odnosov med osebami izpovedi, intersemiotičnost in pragmatičnost prevoda ter drugačno funkcioniranje vsakega od teh besedil v drugi socialno‑kulturni resničnosti. Prevajalec, ki je najprej bralec izvirnika, potem pa avtor prevoda, izvaja dvojno aktualizacijo na podlagi lastnega vedenja, izkušenj in potencialnih bralčevih doživetij. Prevajalkin način branja in njena interpretacija, ki je osredotočena na zgodovinski kontekst, je opazna zlasti v leksikalni (prevod besednih zvez, frazemov in metafor) ter slovnični ravni, modalnih strukturah, v določanju kategorij, povezanih s časom, aksioloških kategorij „absolutnega” in metajeziku. Delo Sny i kamienie Magdalene Tulli je, zaradi mnogih kontekstov, strukturne sestavljenosti in večplastnosti izvor neenopomenskosti interpretacije in številnih morebitnih prevodoslovnih rešitev.
EN
The designated reader of the original Sny i kamienie by Magdalena Tulli and the designated reader of the translation Sanje in kamni by Jana Unuk are two separate subjects. The reason for the difference is the differing configuration of the relationships between the current narrator, intersemiotics and the pragmatism of the translation as well as the differing functions in each of these texts’ socially‑cultural reality. A translator, who is first a reader of the original, and then the author of the translation, exercises a double actualization on the basis of her/his own behavior, life experiences and potential experiences as a reader of the text. The translator’s way of reading and her interpretation, which is focused on the historical context, is especially noticeable in the lexical (the translation of collocations, idioms and metaphors) and grammatical level, modal structure, determination of categories of time, axiological categories of „the absolute” and metalinguistics. The work Dreams and Stones by Magdalena Tulli is, due to the plethora of philosophical and historical contexts, its structural composition and multifacetedness the cause of multiple meanings of interpretation and therefore, contains multiple possible translation solutions.
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