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EN
The Khotyn victory in 1673 became an inspiration for many poets. It inspired such well-known artists as Wacław Potocki and Zbigniew Morsztyn, as well as secondary artists like Daniel Kałaj, Mateusz Kuligowski and Samuel Leszczyński. From among many creative writings about the battle of Khotyn there is one that outstands due to its length and detailed presentation. It is a work of future Lithuanian referendary Stefan Jan Ślizień: Haracz krwią turecką Turkom wypłacony first published in Vilnius in 1674. In the introductory poem Do czytelnika łaskawego, the poet adopts the attitude of the real events‘ relator who makes descriptions from the eyewitness’ perspective. Thus, he puts the poem into the circle of poetics of the native heroicum.Ślizień – who participated in the Khotyn battle – describes battle events in a meticulous way, bringing the recipient closer to the realities. On the pages of the poem, the poet expressively represented the figure of the commander-in-chief – hetman Jan Sobieski, whom he characterized according to the epic principle fortitudo et sapientia.  In addition, as a soldier from Lithuania, albeit fighting along with the Crown troops, he did not forget about the merits of Lithuania on the battlefield: he praises the equipment and courage of the Lithuanian army and appreciates the attitude of the great Lithuanian hetmans, Michał Pac and Michał Radziwiłł, thus showing attachment to the native land. 
PL
The author discusses the manifestations of the ways in which noblemen talked about and evaluated social and family life. He brings attention to the cult of a family home, respect for home tradition, brotherhood of the nobility and the will to get to know the world.
EN
Gasparov Mihail. 2001. O russkoj poèzii: Analizy, interpretacii, harakteristiki. Sankt Peterburg: Azbuka: 11-26 [Гаспаров Михаил. 2001. О русской поэзии: Анализы, интерпретации, характеристики. Санкт Петербург: Азбука: 11-26]. Grossman Vasilij. 1990. Žiznʹ i sudʹba. Moskva: Sovetskijpisatelʹ: 634 [Гроссман Василий. 1990. Жизнь и судьба. Москва: Советский писатель: 634]. Striževskij Ûrij. 2005. Zabor, zapretka, vahta, vyška. V: Poèziâ uznikov GULAGA: An-tologiâ. Cost. Vilenskij S. Moskva: MFD–Materik: 691 [Стрижевский Юрий. 2005. Забор, запретка, вахта, вышка. B: Поэзия узников ГУЛага: Антология. Cост. Виленский С. Москва: МФД–Материк: 691] Vladimirova Elena. 2005. Â vsego lišʹ tûremnyj poèt. V: Poèziâ uznikov GULAGA: An-tologiâ. Cost. Vilenskij S.Moskva: MFD–Materik: 333 [Владимирова Елена. 2005. Я всего лишь тюремный поэт. B: Поэзия узников ГУЛага: Антология. Cост. Виленский С. Москва: МФД–Материк: 333].
EN
The author offers to use the creative activities of blackout poetry and found poetry to interpret works dealing with the subject of the Holocaust. She presents a detailed scheme of applying this form of work during lessons with students. She argues that such a solution can be an enrichment of traditional interpretation, it also allows to stimulate the creativity of students and engage them in the didactic process.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2021
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vol. 112
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issue 3
91-106
PL
W artykule oglądowi poddano rodzinę słowotwórczą śmiechu w poematach Cypriana Norwida. Tworzy ją 10 leksemów: naśmiać się, pośmiewać, pośmiewisko, rozśmiać się, śmiać się, śmiech, śmieszny, wyśmiewać się, wyśmiewany i zaśmiać się, użytych łącznie 43 razy. Jedynie w części owych użyć wymienione wyrazy wiążą się z szeroko rozumianą kategorią komizmu czy radości. Nawet wówczas jednak śmiech i śmianie się stosunkowo rzadko mają charakter czysto ludyczny i są waloryzowane dodatnio. Znacznie częściej ten, kto się śmieje, jest oceniany negatywnie ze względu na to, że jego wypowiedzi i zachowania okazują się skierowane przeciwko komuś lub czemuś, stanowią przejaw naznaczonego wyższością agresywnego stosunku wobec drugiego człowieka albo też jakichś fenomenów czy zdarzeń, a samo śmianie się bywa zachowaniem nieautentycznym bądź sygnałem emocji i postaw negatywnych. W użyciach przymiotnikowych aspekt ludyczny albo w ogóle nie istnieje, albo też jest wyraźnie drugoplanowy, a leksemowi śmieszny zazwyczaj można przypisać znaczenie ‘dziwny, dziwaczny, zaskakujący’ i/lub ‘błahy, niezasługujący na uwagę’.
EN
The paper offers an insight into a family of a root word śmiech (laugh) in Cyprian Norwid’s poems. The family is composed of 10 lexemes, namely naśmiać się (have a good laugh), pośmiewać (spend some time laughing), pośmiewisko (laughing stock), rozśmiać się (make laugh), śmiać się ( laugh), śmiech (laughter), śmieszny (laughable), wyśmiewać się (laugh somebody sick), wyśmiewany (laughed) and zaśmiać się (give a laugh), used 43 times in total. In only a part of their uses, the words above refer to a broadly understood category of the comic or joy, but even in such instances laugh and laughing have only occasionally purely ludic character and are positive. Much more often the one who laughs is given negative values since their statements and behaviours prove to be against someone or something, they manifest aggressive and marked by superiority attitude towards the other person or certain wonders or occurrences, while laughing as such tends to be either non-authentic behaviour or a signal of negative emotions or stances. In their uses as adjectives, the ludic aspect is either absent or markedly of secondary importance, and the lexeme śmieszny (laughable) oftentimes is assigned the meaning ‘weird, bizarre, surprising’ and/or ‘trivial, not worthy of attention.’
EN
The theme of the article is multi¬ facted description of Czesław Miłosz's long lasting fascina-tion by the person and deeds of his distant relative Oskar de Lubicz Miłosz. The two poets met for the first time in Paris in 1931. Ever since then Miłosz being impressed by poetic and dramatical works of his uncle, attempted to popularize them among the readers in Poland and abroad. He wrote essays about him and translated his French poems into English and Polish. The crowning of this process was a poem Czeladnik (A Journeyman) (from a volume Druga przestrzeń, 2004) and a poem Dobroć (Goodness) – according to Agnieszka Kosińska the very last poem completed by Miłosz before his death.
EN
The present sketch proposes an aspectual analysis and interpretation of the poem Stara Warszawa by Jan Lechoń. The author of the sketch is interested in architectonics of the world revealed and rendered in the poem, in a complex and intricate network of relations in which the poem establishes, maintains, develops and interacts with other cultural texts, as well as its existentialist dimension. The basic frame of reference for the last mentioned issue is the friendship shared by Lechoń and Stanisław Baliński.
9
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Лили Лалауна

72%
Stylistyka
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2016
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vol. 25
513-528
EN
The paper is dedicated to the text Lili Lalauna – most extraordinary and most enigmatic poem of Ivo Andrić. The analysis consists of two parts. The first discusses the phonetic-phonological, stylistic, versificational and semantic structure of the verses. The second part deals with their setting to music by composer Rada Radivojeviæ and interpretation of actress Vjera Mujoviæ and actors Goran Sultanoviæ and Aleksandar Sreèkoviæ Kubura.
EN
After the Second World War, discussions erupted concerning the character and legitimacy of art, including poetry. The famous line by Theodore Adorno, saying that writing poetry after Auschwitz is impossible, was frequently debated. However, should the silence of poetry be the answer to genocide? Polish poets also joined this international discussion. The painful paradox was most prominently displayed by the attitude of Tadeusz Różewicz, who simultaneously wrote and emphasized the moral ambiguity of “writing poems after Oświęcim”. He posited that the cultural inheritance did not prevent the moral and material ruin, and if so, then the death of fundamental values should be accompanied by the complete collapse of the higher human activities that are based on these values. Every poem that emerges after this upheaval of the world thus far participates in the creation of falsehood; it is another element upholding the appearances that everything is the same as it once was. This poet of the second half of the twentieth century stood in a morally ambiguous position, allowing himself a voice when so many people had been deprived of their own voice. Tadeusz Różewicz, noting the “death of poetry”, did not put down his pen. Zbigniew Herbert takes a completely different stance on this issue. The purpose of this study is the analysis of works that provide insight into Zbigniew Herbert’s thoughts on the subject of the role of art. This examination focuses on Herbert’s work from the 1950s (his first two collections: Chord of Light and Hermes, Dog and Star).
EN
Within the framework of the studies concerning the reception of Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska’s poetry in the Soviet Union and in Russia, the author explores the issue of the political context in the target cultural and linguistic space. She also explores the problem of literal translation as a method of popularising the poems studied, and analyses the function of the Russophone Internet in the popularisation of the Polish poet.
Vox Patrum
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2020
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vol. 75
555-566
EN
Translation into Polish: Versus domni Bertharii abbatis de miraculis almi patris Benedicti (PL 126, 979-98)
PL
Tłumaczenie na język polski: Bertariusz z Cassinum, Wiersz opata Bertariusza o cudach świętego ojca Benedykta
EN
This paper attempts to characterise generally the poetic legacy of Stanislaw Kostka Potocki. In several books of the Public Archives of Potocki’s family one can found mainly unpublished poetical works preserved in various forms: autographs, copies controlled by the author and his fair copies or copies made by secretaries. Some of the texts are unfinished, others are carefully refined, however, preserved number of variants and correction versions of concrete works give opportunity to analyse the author’s workshop. First of all, it seems that these are the original texts, although there are many problems associated with their attribution. On the basis of the preserved materials, it can be assumed that Stanislaw Kostka Potocki could have prepared some of his poems for publication.
PL
Praca przedstawia próbę refleksji nad naturą refrenu poetyckiego, który w powszechnej świadomości odbiorców literatury jest głównie powtórzeniem. Autor przekonuje, że stanowi on jednak nie tyle powtórzenie czy powrót, ile przede wszystkim formę tożsamości, która nie jest identyczna. Aby zilustrować tę tezę, przywołuje i omawia jedną ze znanych ballad skandynawskich, a następnie pokazuje, jak semantyka refrenu zmienia się wraz z rozwojem tekstu.
EN
The paper reflects upon the nature of the poetic refrain, which in common understanding is mainly a repetition. The author of the paper is convinced that the refrain is not only a repetition or a return, but first and foremost a form of identity that is not identical. To illustrate the thesis, the author recalls and discusses one of common Scandinavian ballads and demonstrates that the semantics of refrain changes as the text develops.
PL
Dziedzictwo W. Syrokomli jest zróżnicowane gatunkowo i tematycznie, dlatego staje się bogatym źródłem badań. Biografia, eseje, niektóre teksty poetyckie zostały szeroko omówione w pracach naukowców białoruskich i obcych. Aktualizacja zagadnień dotyczących współczesnych badań nad twórczością W. Syrokomli pozwoli wypełnić lukę w studiach nad historią literatury białoruskiej XIX wieku i historią ówczesnego białorusko-polskiego pogranicza kulturowego. Szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na poematy historyczne i gawędy W. Syrokomli.
EN
W. Syrokomla’s heritage is diverse in genres and subjects. Therefore, it becomes a rich source of research. His biography, essays, some poetic texts are widely discussed in the works of Belarusian and foreign researchers. Updating of the issues concerning the research on W. Syrokomla’s heritage eliminates the gaps in the study of the 19th century Belarusian literature and Belarusian-Polish cultural borderland. A particular attention should be paid to W. Syrokomla’s historical poems and drawn-out stories.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest słowackim przekładom poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej, która w roku 1996 została nagrodzona nagrodą nobla. 20 lat później w języku słowackim ukazały się dwa zbiory polskiej poetki. autorka artykułu podsumowuje wszystkie przekłady poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej, które zostały wydane na Słowacji w postaci książkowej lub w czasopismach od roku 1952, czyli od debiutu poetki. Wiele z wierszy zostało przełożonych na język słowacki kilkakrotnie, w artykule poświęcono więc szczególną uwagę fenomenowi serii translatorskiej. Autorka analizuje i porównuje przekłady w serii trzech różnych wierszy poetki.
EN
This paper deals with the Slovak translations of poems by Wisława Szymborska who was awarded nobel Prize in 1996. Twenty years later two collection of her poems were published in the Slovak language. The author of this paper summarized all translations of W. Szymborska’s poems into the Slovak language which have been published in literature magazines as well as books since 1952, the year of the poet’s debut. Since some poems were translated more than once by different translators, the phenomenon of retranslation is also discussed. various translations of three poems are compared and analyzed in the paper as well.
EN
About Freedom of Speech by Cyprian Norwid goes—like Goethe’s Faust—beyond the limits of intelligibility. “Maybe—as Heidegger claims—language requires much less hast for words, than deliberate silence.” The Polish poet cuts himself off from the canon of philosophical views—like a child who wants to discover the world in its own way, not to learn it by using knowledge and education, following the designated track. In his works Norwid abandons the canon of his epoch’s poetry and he, so to say, cuts across. He occupies an outstanding position on the background of contemporary European writers. The advocate of the motto: “art for art’s sake” Stefan Mallarmé and Norwid are definitely different as far as the attitude towards current events is concerned, however they are united in their willingness to go beyond the boundaries of the word. In Norwid’s works it is manifested by a constantly used technique of being silent and it culminates in incredible amazement and dazzle: “In this moment I touched the Resurrection with my finger / and I pronounced the word: I AM.” On the other hand, in Mallarmé’s output we deal with presenting internal images which subconsciously evoke musical vibrations. Norwid shares with Godfryd Benn the belief that the “ETERNAL MASTER” and the liberating knowledge of the Word play indispensable roles in history. On the other hand, what the Polish poet and Ezra Pound have in common are: an immense reading canon, great knowledge and extraordinary poetic images. The coming of the new epoch caused a distur-bance of the previous hierarchy of works and at the same time—as it is in Norwid’s case—a manifestation of what had not been noticed so far.
PL
Rzecz o wolności słowa Cypriana Norwida wykracza - podobnie jak Faust Goethego - poza granice zrozumiałości. „Być może - jak twierdzi Heidegger - język wymaga znacznie mniej pochopnych słów niż przemyślanego milczenia”. Polski poeta odcina się od kanonu filozoficznych poglądów - podobnie jak dziecko, które na własny sposób chce odkrywać świat, nie zaś poznawać go przez naukę i wychowanie, idąc wyznaczonym torem. Norwid w swych utworach porzuca kanon poezji swej epoki i idzie niejako na przełaj. Zajmuje on wybitną pozycję na tle współczesnych pisarzy europejskich. Głosiciel hasła „sztuka dla sztuki” Stefan Mallarmé i Norwid zdecydowanie różnią się, gdy chodzi o stosunek do bieżących wydarzeń, spotykają się jednak w dążeniu do tego, aby wyjść poza granice słowa. U Norwida przejawia się to w ciągle stosowanej technice przemilczenia, a kulminuje w niesamowitym zdumnieniu i olśnieniu: „W tym momencie dotknąłem palcem Zmartwychwstanie /1 wymówiłem słowo: JESTEM”. U Mallarmégo mamy natomiast do czynienia z przekazaniem wewnętrznych wyobrażeń, które podświadomie wywołują muzyczne drgania. Z Gotfrydem Bennem dzieli Norwid przekonanie o niezastąpionej w dziejach roli, jaką odgrywa „MISTRZ-WIEKUISTY”, i wyzwalającej wiedzy Słowa. Polskiego poetę i Ezrę Pounda łączy z kolei ogromny kanon lekturowy, wielka wiedza i niezwykłe poetyckie obrazy. Wraz z nadejściem nowej epoki następuje zachwianie dotychczasowej hierarchii dzieł, a zarazem – jak to jest w przypadku Norwida – wyłonienie się tego, co dotychczas było niezauważone.
18
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Exegi Monumentum Iwana Franki

60%
EN
The author discusses Ivan Franko’s poem Moses, regarded by Yurii Sherekh as the „Second Testament” of Ukrainian literature. This positive opinion of the Moses stimulates research interests. Using the methods of comparative contextual hermeneutics, the author analyses Ivan Franko’s specific “theology of hope” in the historical literary and philosophical theological context. He argues that the basis for hope in Franko’s philosophical reflection upon history was the Old Testament eschatology, born from God’s covenant with Israel and from the faith in a liberating-salvation mission of Moses. He draws special attention to the prophetic meaning of the Prologue and the poet’s references to the figure of Moses.
PL
Life is a journey as long as a man is set to absorb the world, to accept it in its diversi-ty and richness. Zbigniew Herbert often expresses the conviction regarding the “inex-haustible splendour of the world”, and admits that he is “seduced by the beautiful and diversified world” (A Prayer of Mr. Cogito – the Traveller). Both the real and the meta-phorical travelling understood as getting to know – exploring – learning anew, are the domain of the Ionian philosophers. No wonder that the philosophy of Ionian thinkers serves Herbert as the incessant source in his intellectual peregrinations. In this article we explore some interconnections between the aforementioned tradition and Herbert’s work.
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