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Droga samuraja

100%
EN
In this paper I shall analyze the phenomenon of popular culture and its reception in its narrow meaning as well as in the wider one. Popular culture – as it has been shown by Jocke Hermes, one of its researchers by reaching for simple means of communication and by relying on simplified stylistics, can explain reality and change attitudes of its receivers towards the world. Film is a crucial element of popular culture, and Jim Jarmusch’s “Ghost Dog. The Way of the Samurai” makes for a very interesting example. On the one hand, it shows violence and fighting in an aestheticized way, on the other, however, it also shows how culture incorporates elements of other cultures. What I shall focus on in the present paper is especially this second aspect. The tale about an African American who lives by the Samurai code, faithfully reconstructing the attitudes described in a textbook and gradually adopting the mentality of “the East,” becomes a perfect illustration of cultural influence and interaction between cultures. The man portrayed by Jarmusch relies on a textbook: “The Way of the Samurai,” and is thus able to choose cultural paradigmata on his own, drawing from the possibilities that the modern, open form of multiculturalism presents to him. At the same time, he is authentic, almost primary in his actions. By remaining faithful to his master and to the Samurai virtues, he returns to the world of Japanese culture and tradition. The fact of him being an African American, a man rooted in both African and Western culture (he lives, was born and brought up in the United States) is being treated as a parallel. He completes his existential development through contact with a different culture and its values.The essence of the story are gangster fights, therefore fighting and its canons are contrasted with cultural requirements. The fact that Jarmusch’s film is based on violence, and that only through this violence can the cultural determinants be shown, may have a double meaning. On the one hand, the contrast between modern aggression of Western people (simple and based only on physical violence) and the Samurai code (requiring one not only to comply with given virtues, but also to be in control of oneself) can show the relation between Eastern and Western culture, as well as provide a modern take on many traditions and their meaning. On the other hand, this martial art, as the art of being in control of oneself, becomes a way for the hero of Jarmusch’s film to seize the authenticity of his life.
PL
The purpose of this thesis is to show how popculture works are expressions of the social narrative of historical, social and cultural changes that took place in Sweden in the 90s. This dissertation is based on Henning Mankell’s Wallander Cycle. This work will focus on the problem created after 1989, speciality the problem of immigration and issue of educational values fall.
EN
The article treats on the life and work of American postmodern writer David Foster Wallace. The subject is undertaken in context of appearance of his writing in the Polish translation (by Jolanta Kozak). The author aims to present Wallace as a potentially interesting writer in the field of Polish literary studies. Next to describing him as a popcultural phenomenon, she puts stress on matters of the texts themselves, such as postmodern irony and psychological issues, corresponding with the writer’s actual experience.
4
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Arguments versus Values

88%
EN
This review focuses on Why Trust Science? by Naomi Oreskes. It examines the book as far as its structure and, most importantly, argumentation is concerned. Much as the first one is worthy of attention, the latter one entails doubts. While the book is undoubtedly worth reading due to the topic it addresses—trust in science—the reader is advised to approach its argumentation with wariness.
EN
The paramount objective of this paper is to discuss the popcultural life of historical works of art in selected humorous ads. Firstly, the workings of the incongruityresolution theory of humour and script opposition are presented. Then, the author proceeds to the topic of popculturing visual art in ads. Finally, attention is paid to specific instances of popculturing and funification in several art-related multimodal ads, which makes it possible to see the mechanisms of humour elicitation resultant from the ongoing displacement of historical works of art and their transference into the pop-cultural and advertising realms. To this end, the author gathered a collection of ads in English in which visual art is used in order to introduce humour.
EN
In this paper the author focuses mainly on the impact of new media on young people – members of subcultures and fan communities. The first part is about the general phenomenon of new media, what includes convergence culture and remix culture. Second part contains information about popculture and its creations – subcultures and fan communities. The author explains here why otaku are a subculture. Third part is about the impact of new media on otaku what is analyzed on Facebook example.
EN
Extravagant exaggeration seems to be one of the most significant traits of contemporary culture influenced by the idea of success and ‘spectaclicity’. According to the Author of the paper, even the most extreme examples of hyperbole occur in advertising. The article presents several kinds of visual hyperbole which are used in contemporary adverts (these are: giga-hyper- bole, multi-hyperbole, context hyperbole – situational and intertextual). The following examples of hyperbole have been described with respect to their distinctive features, main functions and imaginative value.
EN
In the article Thánatos Forever Alive. Tim Burton and His (Undying) Adventure with Death Adam H.A. Michniewicz presents images of death in the works of Tim Burton, as well as in the works of several of his successors. In these movies, death is shown differently than in other works of contemporary popular culture. Terms such as death, illness, and old age have been repressed by society—but not by Burton, whose films remind us that talking about difficult subjects is not only important, but also necessary. To convey this message, the director uses a wide range of methods. He makes use of cultural heritage of various religions and civilizations. In conclusion, the author proves that Burton does not want to terrify the audience, but rather to encourage reflection on the meaning of death.
EN
This article focuses on the popular-science programme MythBusters to illustrate the various ways in which it employs science. On the basis of my analysis of these, I, first, argue that the popculture of the early twenty-first century generates products in which multiple uses of scientific activity are a standard. Second, it is also substantiated that this multiplication of the uses of science translates into it being forfeited in favour of entertainment even in broadcasts that are, or at least seem, targeted at it.
EN
Urban fantasy is attracting more attention from readers, but scientific papers about it still do not appear often enough. The aim of the present article is to specify where urban fantasy originates from, what its constitutive features are, and how this subgenre is changing the way the city is described. Genre similarities with crime fiction, a change in the city paradigm, and the influence of urban legends on urban fantasy are indicated. Moreover, the relationship between the heyday of urban fantasy and the spatial turn is outlined.
PL
Fantastyka miejska cieszy się coraz większym zainteresowaniem czytelników, pozostając jednocześnie na marginesie badań naukowych. Artykuł miał na celu skonkretyzowanie, z czego wywodzi się fantastyka miejska oraz jakie są jej cechy konstytutywne, a także jak ten podgatunek wpływa na zmianę opisywania miasta. Wskazano na zbieżności gatunkowe z kryminałem, zmianę paradygmatu miasta, wpływ legend miejskich na urban fantasy. Nakreślono związek rozkwitu fantastyki miejskiej z obserwowanym od kilku dekad zwrotem przestrzennym.
11
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Ostatnia Wieczerza popkultury

63%
EN
An oxymoronic relation between popular culture and the sacred is one of the strategies of shockvertising. The analysis of The Last Supper theme in printed advertisement shows how often the industry of advertising uses well-known and easily recognizable sacred symbols. Elements taken from the sacred sphere can be found in advertisements from various sectors, and also in different places, events and services. The reactions to analyzed advertisements show how strong emotions are related to shockvertising that uses sacred symbols. Research proves that it is valuable to look at the relation between popculture and the sacred not only as a way to simply shock, but also as an important voice in the debate about the present.
PL
Oksymoroniczne zestawienie kultury popularnej z elementami należącymi do sfery sacrum jest jedną ze strategii shockvertisingu. Analiza występowania w reklamie drukowanej motywu znanego z Ostatniej Wieczerzy Leonarda da Vinci pokazuje, jak często współczesny przemysł reklamowy sięga po oswojone, powszechnie rozpoznawalne przedstawienia należące do porządku sakralnego. Z zapożyczeń chętnie korzystają przedstawiciele rozmaitych branż, by za pomocą nawiązań do Ostatniej Wieczerzy promować produkty, miejsca, wydarzenia czy usługi. Reakcje towarzyszące pojawieniu się poszczególnych reklam unaoczniają, jak silne emocje wywołuje sięganie przez ich twórców po elementy ze sfery sakralnej. Warto na mariaż sacrum i kultury popularnej spojrzeć nie tylko jako na chęć zwrócenia uwagi znudzonego odbiorcy i szokowania za wszelką cenę, ale także szerzej – jako próbę postawienia ważnych pytań w debacie dotyczącej współczesności.
EN
The work focuses mostly on the analysis of change in mass culture, since its distribution has been dominated by mass media. Until now, social interaction was based primarily on direct contact, but with the appearance of audiovisuality, interpersonal relationships and the type of communication changed radically. The development of mass media and their dissemination has made culture to be perceived as a product that satisfies our needs and gives us pleasure. There is a statement that, after all, there is no escape from mass culture, which has become essentially a prevailing culture in which every consumer is immersed. Also, every product of this culture is a product of popular culture, and the former division of culture into a lower and higher culture, basically ceased to function. In the new reality of mass culture, the question arises about the place of theater, as the art of direct contact between the actor and the public and the social contract between them, valid for the time of presentation. However, the play “Dziady” shows that theatrical art perfectly finds itself in the pop culture, using audiovisuality.
PL
Praca skupia się przede wszystkim na analizie zmiany, jaka zachodzi w kulturze masowej, odkąd jej dystrybucja została zdominowana przez masowe środki rejestrujące. Do tej pory interakcje społeczne oparte były głównie na kontakcie bezpośrednim, jednak wraz z pojawieniem się zjawiska audiowizualności relacje międzyludzkie i rodzaj komunikacji diametralnie się zmieniły. Rozwój mass mediów i ich upowszechnienie sprawiło, iż kultura zaczyna być postrzegana jako produkt zaspokajający nasze potrzeby i sprawiający przyjemność. W pracy pojawia się stwierdzenie, że mimo wszystko nie da się uciec od kultury masowej, która stała się już w zasadzie kulturą obecnie panującą, w której każdy z odbiorców jest zanurzony. Także każdy wytwór owej kultury jest produktem kultury popularnej i dawniej obowiązujący podział na kulturę niższą oraz wyższą generalnie przestał funkcjonować. W nowo obowiązującej rzeczywistości kultury masowej pojawia się pytanie o miejsce teatru jako sztuki opartej na bezpośrednim kontakcie aktora z publicznością i zawartej między nimi umowy społecznej, obowiązującej na czas przedstawienia. Jednak analiza przedstawienia pt. Dziady pokazuje, że sztuka teatralna doskonale odnajduje się w popkulturowej rzeczywistości, wykorzystując do tego audiowizualność.
EN
The main objective of the paper is to discuss the theme of apocalypse and post-apocalypse used by popular literature creators. Four types of possible apocalypses will be analyzed and will be examinated, each with an example from literature. The sources of contemporary apocalypse and the consequences of introducing the theme into fantastic worlds will also be described. This theme is popular with creators and is also of great interest to the public, especially nowadays.
PL
W artykule pokazano liczne możliwości podjęcia analizy językoznawczej filmów zawierających wątki futurystyczne i cyberpunkowe. Dokonany przeze mnie wybór materiału badawczego był nietypowy. Większość wybranych seriali telewizyjnych nie stanowi klasycznego przykładu analizowanej przeze mnie literatury i jej adaptacji. Próbowałem odnaleźć i opisać popkulturowe produkty tylko zainspirowane literaturą futurystyczną i cyberpunkową; takie, które nie muszą spełniać wszystkich warunków stawianych pracom tego nurtu, np. Westworld (HBO), Doctor Who (BBC) and Mr. Robot (USA Network). Moim celem było zebranie i omówienie interesujących jednostek językowym i ich najróżniejszych złożonych zastosowań, które mogą interesować badaczy retoryki i językoznawców. Niektóre audiowizualne utwory opisałem jedynie pokrótce. Stanowić mają one zaproszenie do dalszych badawczych aktywności: Black Mirror (Channel 4 / Netflix), Extant (CBS).
XX
The purpose of this paper was to show a number of linguistic analysis possibilities of futuristic and cyberpunk movie themes. My choice of material was untypical; Many of my chosen TV-shows were not the classical example of analyzed type of literature and its adaptations. I attempted to find and describe popculture products inspired by futuristic and cyberpunk literature, which don’t have to meet all the conditions for being defined as cyberpunk work, for example: Westworld (HBO), Doctor Who (BBC), and Mr. Robot (USA Network). My goal was to collect and discuss interesting language units and their combinations which may be used as material in rhetoric and linguistic studies. Some of the examples used were only succinctly described as an invitation to further scholarly activities: Black Mirror (Channel 4 / Netflix), Extant (CBS).
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Popkulturní teorie tropu

51%
EN
The article deals with the current state of narrative and narrativity in the situation of new media. After a short reflection on the transmediality of contemporary narrative (through the concept of media object of Axel Bruns) we comment on the changes of viewership in the „Netflix Era“, and the situation of participatory media. The core of the article describes a wiki website TVTropes and its concept of „trope“. In the TVTropes environment, unaffected by academic literary theory (as far as it seems from the stated sources), a „trope“ stands for a frequently recognized part of a story, and not a figure of speech, and thus is much closer to the object of E. R. Curtius „topology“. In the end, we reflect on the possible consequences or benefits of the conceptual shift described.
Świat i Słowo
|
2021
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vol. 36
|
issue 1
29-43
PL
Artykuł przedstawia analizę popularno-naukowego programu MythBusters wskazującą na różne sposoby wykorzystania w nim nauki. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy, po pierwsze, twierdzę, że popkultura początku XXI wieku generuje produkty, w których wykorzystanie nauki na różnorakie sposoby urasta do roli standardu. Po drugie, sugeruję, że takie zastosowanie nauki przekłada się na jej upraszczanie na korzyść promocji rozrywki, nawet w programach, które są lub przynajmniej zdają się być wycelowane w przekazywanie wiedzy.
EN
This article focuses on the popular-science programme MythBusters to illustrate the various ways in which it employs science. On the basis of my analysis of these, I, first, argue that the popculture of the early twenty-first century generates products in which multiple uses of scientific activity are a standard. Second, it is also substantiated that this multiplication of the uses of science translates into it being forfeited in favour of entertainment even in broadcasts that are, or at least seem, targeted at it.
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