Does anyone need the rhetorical theory of literature? The new various directions of the literary research are continiously appearing. Together with them, new perspectives of the research of the literary texts are opening up. They allow to ask questions concerning the language generated by them, with the use of which they shape the literary discourse. Being aware of the consequences of the linguistic shift for the research on culture, today the rethorical viewpoint in the conduct of the theoretical discourse is adopted. At the same time, the attention is paid to the phrases, style, as well as the metaphors used in the current literary research. The entire reflection is accompanied by the comparative spirit, that is, a certain transdisciplinary openness, which calls for abandoning the internal literary field by the theoretical research, and entering the wide field of the culture research. This process is especially visible in the new theoretical-literary directions (cognitive humanities, constructivism, affective theory of literature etc.) and enables to assign to the comparative literature the role of a binder of the taken discourse on the border between theory and rethorics.
The article discusses the psychoanalytical interpretation of Leśmian’s fairy tale The adventures of Sindbad Sailor by Bogusław Grodzki. Following Freud’s and Bettelheim’s concepts, it claims that Sindbad’s psychosexual development and his relations with the princesses reflect Leśmian’s phantasms – the poet’s erotic/sexual desires. In Grodzki’s work fiction seems to be an autobiographical tale and verbal psychotherapy. Misiak, on the other hand, presents the sex/gender categories and introduces the distinction between the autobiography and autofiction as well as certain poststructural and feminist categories.
The aim of the article is to discuss the phenomenon of a ‘newly born woman’ that appears in the writing of the French theoreticians of gender, Hélène Cixous and Luce Irigaray. The author of the article distinguishes between the views of the two researchers and aims to reveal the specificity and uniqueness of each of them. This approach goes beyond the frames of ‘essentialism’ designed by Anglo‑American critics of the eighties.
Indian women’s writing from the mid-twentieth century that doesn’t fit the dominant tropes of resistance in postcolonial and feminist literary critiques have largely been untranslated and undiscussed. Especially neglected are narratives of native queerness, stories of transgressive desire and sexual alterity. In this essay, I explore Yamini’s complex desire in Chudamani Raghavan’s eponymous novella and its potential to complicate feminist and postcolonial discourses on women’s sexuality. Drawing on aspects of queer theory and poststructuralist notions of subjectivity, I examine how Yamini’s asexuality challenges and destabilizes cisheterosexist gender hierarchies and colonization. By examining language and silence in Yamini through the devices of Indian literary criticism and intertextuality, I locate Yamini’s queerness within the subcontinent’s long history of multivocal desire. I build on the precolonial notion that desire is not necessarily located in the body, and suggest that the transgressive desires of Yamini’s mind, the desire of ideas, is also a manifestation of queerness – capable of subverting hegemonic discourses of sexual and psychic normativity.
This article presents an argument against attempts to exclude the political perspective from the reading and reception of literature. Departing from the failed afrmation of radical autonomy of the Symbolic undertaken by poststructuralist philosophy (mainly Jean Baudrillard and Jacques Derrida) it argues for inclusion of the Real in the process of reading since it is always operational in the process of writing. Without going back to the metaphysics of presence, it puts forward an understanding of the Real that departs from the concept of disclosure (ἀλήθεια), but aims at a more negative and dialectical understanding of the Real as the force that disrupts and invades discourse in unwanted yet unavoidable ways. Edward Said’s reading of literary classics, which traces the link between culture and imperialism, is provided as an example of such a political reading of literature.
How we function in social reality is determined by various types of cognitive schemas. These concern people, social events and other phenomena. According to the concept offered by various postpositivist currents, including postmodernism, poststructuralism and critical theory, such schemata cannot be objective. The most important element of postmodern considerations is the discovery of the arbitrary nature of modernity. This means rejecting the Enlightenment belief in progress. Innovation, understood as modernity resulting from human reason, is illusory in the postmodern perspective. Innovation consists precisely in a rejection of the myth of the existence of some absolute, objective truths that constitute the social order. The world is textual, made up of many alternative narratives. Definitions, including legal definitions, are socially constructed. They arise from specific social conditions, at a particular stage of development of a particular group. The assumption made by postmodernists is that language, including professional language – such as the language of law or legal language – is neither neutral nor transparent. The innovative power of this language lies in its use of narratives that influence the functioning of social groups of varying degrees of complexity. It is therefore necessary, adopting a postmodern interpretation, to look at the text of legal language in a similar way as we look at other texts. That is, to see in the narrativity of this language structural similarities with other texts that constitute social reality.
The text is an attempt to look at the problem of the contemporary studies into poetic language through the prism of poststructuralist reflection. The discussion, which originally referred to the theory of literature, concerned the themes also present in the studies of linguists and resulting from a critical analysis of the assumptions of structuralist thought. The perspective adopted in this abstract made it possible to present a research proposal comprising the category of redundancy in literary communication, as well as – in more detail – the category of relationality of verse, syntactical hypotheses or special predication with regard to poetic language. Free verse is apprehended here with reference to the findings of modern scholars of verse, which involves a special way of thinking about syntax in poetry, and also – about the specific aspects of semantics. The attached examples (from a collection of modern Polish poetry) provide the necessary illustration of the linguistic phenomena demonstrated in the text.
One can broadly divide research on higher education settings into three strands investigating 1) the production of specialized scientific knowledge, 2) the dynamics of institutional power (academic decision-making and governance), 3) teaching and learning. In all three areas the notion of ‘discourse’ has been salient in the last decades. However, the term is often understood differently by researchers from different fields, and the respective disciplines haven’t always been receptive one to another. In the paper we present an overview of discursive approaches to the study of higher education in 1) social theory, poststructuralism in particular, and 2) linguistics. We explain the outlook on discourse which is prevalent in these areas and present the most significant studies on higher education contexts conducted within them. We argue that while social theory often lacks analytical detail and focus on empirical objects, linguistics on the other hand does not account for the way practices produce and reproduce social order. Therefore, a study of academic discourse drawing on both strands would enable putting forward a robust theory and a precise methodology. In the last section of the paper we present an outline of such a field informed by both poststructuralism and pragmatics – Social Studies of Higher Education.
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
This research paper aims to present the issue of gender studies as a scientific discipline embed in certain research context and in a network of relations with such ideas and conceptions as feminism and queer theory. By analyzing the historical and philosophical context and the range of influence in the area of these three disciplines, I consider the way how they popularly function in the scientific and common discourse. By relating both disciplines to each other and confronting them with the chronology, I analyze possible variants of thinking the sequent of these disciplines or their ahistorical functioning. I also search for the similarities between them, which could advocate a diachronic view and place in the causal context that calls to the synchronic attempt. In that way I consider all points of view and speculate validity or invalidity of synchronic attempt to gender studies, feminism and queer theory. Starting from asking for the historism or ahistorism of the term gender and presenting the way it varies from feminist and queer conceptions, I consecutively analyze feminism with reference to gender research (in both variants of the chronological result); gender research with reference to queer studies and queer studies with reference to feminism.
For theory-conscious scholars, Theory is the key to understanding the scope and nature of their philosophies, because the chosen theory determines problems to be called academic and to be investigated. Though no perfect theory of literary studies has yet been found, the search for such a theory appears inevitable. Rejection of postmodernism and poststructuralism sometimes leads literary scholars to the so-called cultural wars. Conservatism of some critics makes the discussion on the alternative to the impasse more and more interesting. In the early years of the new millennium the anthologies Theory’s Empire and Beyond Poststructuralism set the standards of this debate.
PL
Zdaniem świadomych pod względem teoretycznym badaczy Teoria jest kluczem do zrozumienia zakresu oraz natury ich filozoficznych przekonań, ponieważ wybrana teoria przesądza, jakie zagadnienia mogą zostać uznane za naukowe i zasługiwać na zbadanie. Aczkolwiek nie istnieje idealna teoria badań literackich, poszukiwanie jej wydaje się nieuniknione. Odrzucenie postmodernizmu i poststrukturalizmu doprowadza niekiedy literaturoznawców do problematyki, którą określa się mianem wojen kulturowych. Coraz bardziej interesującą czyni debatę o wyjściu z impasu konserwatywne stanowisko niektórych literaturoznawców. Na początku nowego tysiąclecia antologie Theory’s Emprte [ Imperium teorii] oraz Beyond Poststructuralism [Poza poststrukturalizm] wyznaczyły poziom owej dyskusji.
Each social group – including the scientific community – creates a series of internal tensions that determine the relations within that group. They can be explained by social theories, but some phenomena transcend the boundaries of sociology. Theories of the universe provide an interesting perspective in the interpretation of systems within the group. Looking at cosmological models and theories, the article attempts to conceptualize the cosmological metaphor in theoretical and literary reflection. On the basis of Guth’s, Bondi’s or Gödel’s models, the dynamics of development in literary studies is being considered.
PL
Każda grupa społeczna – w tym środowisko naukowe – wytwarza szereg wewnętrznych napięć, które determinują relacje wewnątrz tejże grupy. Można je tłumaczyć teoriami społecznymi, jednak niektóre zjawiska wykraczają poza granice socjologii. Ciekawą propozycję w interpretacji układów wewnątrz grupy przynoszą teorie wszechświata. Przyglądając się modelom i teoriom kosmologicznym, artykuł podejmuje próbę konceptualizacji metafory kosmologicznej w refleksji teoretycznoliterackiej. Na bazie modeli Gutha, Bondiego czy Gödla rozważa się dynamikę rozwoju kierunków badań literaturoznawczych.
Today’s critique of ideology faces three influential concepts, that defined the understanding of ideological phenomenons in twentieth century. The first one of them was developed within the theory of totalitarianism. It perceived ideology as quasi-logical doctrine, justifying terror and absolute power. The second one was the end of ideology thesis. Ideology was conceived in it as a set of doctrines that mix up political and metaphysical issues. The last one was poststructuralist critique of the notion of ideology, as relying on naïve epistemological concepts. Author presents those three concepts, and tries to show their limitations from the point of view of contemporary ideology critique.
PL
Dzisiejsza krytyka ideologii zmaga się z trzema wpływowymi koncepcjami, które określiły rozumienie fenomenu ideologii w dwudziestym wieku. Pierwszą z nich była teoria totalitaryzmu. Utożsamiła ona ideologię z quasi-logiczną doktryną, uzasadniającą terror i absolutną władzę. Drugą była teza o „końcu ideologii”. Ideologia była w niej rozumiana jako doktryna, która myli kwestie polityczne z metafizycznymi. Wreszcie, poststrukturaliści krytykowali samo pojęcie ideologii, jako oparte na naiwnych koncepcjach epistemologicznych. Autor przedstawia te trzy ujęcia i próbuje pokazać ich ograniczenia z punktu widzenia współczesnej krytyki ideologii.
Autor rozważa wpływ postmodernizmu na współczesne nauki humanistyczne, zwłaszcza na językoznawstwo. Główną tezę pracy można sformułować następująco: postmodernizm przyczynia się do tego, że w językoznawstwie rozpowszechniają się takie tendencje, jak niedookreślenie przedmiotu badań, rezygnacja z dyrektyw systemu języka, unieważnienie wymogów stylu naukowego, łamanie wymogu sprawdzalności twierdzeń, łamanie zasady kooperacji, symulacja interdyscyplinarności, pseudoglobalizm, powierzchowność. Autor analizuje obecność postmodernizmu w językoznawstwie na przykładzie kilku jego współczesnych kierunków: lingwokulturologii, etnolingwistyki, semantyki kognitywnej, dyskursologii.
EN
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on the contemporaryhumanities, especially on the theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper canbe formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the fact that in linguisticsincreasingly there are such tendencies, like mudding the subject of research,dispense with the ‘directives of language’, i.e. the disuse of conventional scientificlanguage, violations of the requirement of statements verifiability, breakingthe rules of communication. The author examines the elements of postmodernscience on example of several directions of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics(linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics,and discourse linguistics.
RU
Рассматривается влияние постмодернизма на современные гуманитарные науки, особенно лингвистику. Основной тезис может быть сформулирован следующим образом: Постмодернизм способствует распространению таких тенденций в лингвистике, как отсутствие определения предмета исследования, отказ от директив языковой системы, признание недействительными требований научного стиля, нарушение требования достоверности утверждений, нарушение принципа сотрудничества, моделирование междисциплинарности, псевдо-глобализм, поверхностность. Автор анализирует наличие постмодернизма в лингвистике на примере нескольких его современных направлений: языковая культура, этнолингвистика, когнитивная семантика, дискурсология.
Er(r)go… ,contemporary Russia-but only in its literary-theoretical aspect-from the inside and from the outside. Internal perspectives, but also those from Tartu, Tallinn, and the West.If a literary-theoretical Russia, then, naturally, Bakhtin, and that which follows. A scientific description of reality? Impulses against poststructuralist skepticism? Algorithms and pattern analyses of the main literary genres? Paradigms of artistic value? Narratology: actants, world pictures, points of view, singularity, fractals, variants, stages, etc., and neo-rhetoric against the postmodernist “chaotisation” of culture. But also the aesthetic object clad in silence, the aesthetics of address and the increasing importance of the Third, the discourse of responsibility, the long term, great time, great dialogue, genre memory and other Bakhtinian traces.Moreover, as usual, disputes over the nature of discourses: is philosophy the Other of literature or does the Other transform into non-Other; philosophy as a protective zone for dialectics, literature as a kingdom of ambiguity; the secret of literature as cannon fodder for readers. Philology of philosophy and the textual hunger of a philological philosopher; philology as a text about a text, philosophy as a text on thinking as a non-text. Do not texts think, however? The hypothesis of a trickster and his original image, also doctor Zhivago, Myshkin, Raskolnikov, Strelnikov, Bezukhov, Bolkonsky in various configurations. Hegel and Kant in the deep structures of Russian thought, Bakhtin and Lotman on the surface; the philosopher as an eater of spices, the artist as a torero. Intimations of poststructuralism and symptoms of academic anti-foundationalism: deconstruction, cultural and intertextual studies, feminist and gender criticism, new historicism, postcolonialism. Postcolonial methodology and the post-Soviet subaltern; the postcolonial without the colonial; people of the trans-diaspora and internal Others; and the imperative: the decolonisation of postcolonialism -de-Sovietization of the post-Soviet. The avant-garde and pragmatics, and their contextual corrida, the temporal nonsense of postmodernity, Russian postmodernism as a paralogical compromise of a dyad and a triad and as an omelette made without breaking the eggs. Deconstruction and authorial infamy, the inevitable dumbness of the reader, one’s own word experienced as another’s, the aesthetics of militant passivity, and the strength of the postmodernist found in female logic. The boundaries of the postmodernist play as a perforated tape of explosions; 9.11-the revenge of the real, of authenticity, of irreproducibility; ground zero. Signs blow up signification. Cultural explosions: transculturalism instead of multiculturalism; suicidal explosions of cultures. Explosive aporia and the paralogy of presenting the unpresentable, the life-after-death of trash, trash as a zone between memory and forgetting, the modeling of chaos and chaos put in order. The search for the heart: the paradigm of cabbage and the paradigm of onion. Life and excrements, the outhouse as home. The bankruptcy of sovietology. And, of course, motifs of martyrdom. Also Russia, yet already non-Russia. Estonian semiotics in Tartu and Tallinn still drawing on Lotman’s genius and continuing (in Tartu) its struggles in the sphere of semiotic systems. Its influence in the East and the West and its dilemmas after Lotman’s departure. The present issue is guest edited by professor Piotr Fast from the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
PL
Er(r)go… ,Rosja współczesna – ale tylko teoretycznoliteracka – od środka i z zewnątrz. Perspektywy wewnętrzne, ale też tartuskie, tallińskie i zachodnie. Jeśli Rosja teoretycznoliteracka, to oczywiście Bachtin i to, co po nim. Naukowe odzwierciedlanie rzeczywistości? Impulsy przeciw sceptycyzmowi poststrukturalistów? Algorytmy i wzorcowe analizy podstawowych rodzajów literackich? Paradygmaty artyzmu? Narratologia: aktanty, obrazy świata, punkty widzenia, jednokrotność, fraktalność, wariantywność, stadialność itp., a także neoretoryka przeciw postmodernistycznej chaotyzacji kultury. Jednak też przedmiot estetyczny obleczony w milczenie, estetyka adresowania i wzrost znaczenia trzeciego, dyskurs odpowiedzialności, długie trwanie, wielki czas, wielki dialog, pamięć gatunku i inne ślady Bachtina. Poza tym jak zwykle spory o naturę dyskursów: czy filozofia jest Innym literatury czy też dochodzi do przemiany Innego w nie-Inne; filozofia jako strefa ochronna dialektyki, literatura jako królestwo dwuznaczności; tajemnica literatury jako armatniego mięsa czytelniczego. Filologiczność filozofii i tekstowy głód filozofa filologicznego; filologia jako tekst o tekście, filozofia jako tekst o myśleniu jako nie-tekście. Czy jednakowoż teksty nie myślą? Hipoteza trickstera i jego obraz pierwotny, a także doktor Żywago, Myszkin, Raskolnikow, Strelnikow, Bezuchow i Bołkoński w różnych konfiguracjach. Hegel i Kant w głębokich strukturach rosyjskiego myślenia, Bachtin i Lotman na powierzchni; filozof jako zjadacz przypraw, twórca jako torreador. Prześwity poststrukturalizmu i przejawy naukowego antyfundamentalizmu: dekonstruktywizm, badania kulturowe i intertekstualne, krytyka feministyczna i genderowa, nowy historyzm, postkolonializm. Metodologia postkolonialna a post-sowiecki subaltern; postkolonialność bez kolonizacji; ludzie transdiasporalni i wewnętrzni Inni; i imperatyw: dekolonizacja postkolonializmu – desowietyzacja postsowietyzmu. Awangarda i pragmatyka oraz ich kontekstowa korrida, temporalny nonsens postmodernizmu, rosyjski postmodernizm jako paralogiczny kompromis diady i triady i jako omlet zrobiony bez rozbijania jajek. Dekonstruktywizm i hańba autora, nieuchronna niepojętność czytelnika, swoje słowo przeżywane jako cudze, estetyka walczącej bierności i siła postmodernisty w kobiecej logice. Granice postmodernistycznej gry jako perforowana taśma wybuchów; 11 września – zemsta realności, autentyczności, niepowtarzalności; stan zerowy. Znaki wysadzają w powietrze znakowość. Kulturowe eksplozje: transkulturowość zamiast wielokulturowości; samobójcze eksplozje kultur. Wybuchowa aporia i paralogia nieprzedstawialnego w przedstawieniu, życie śmieci po śmierci, śmieci jako strefa między pamięcią i zapomnieniem, modelowanie chaosu i chaos uporządkowany. Poszukiwanie głąba: paradygmat kapusty i paradygmat cebuli. Życie i ekskrementy, szalet jako dom. Bankructwo sowietologii. I oczywiście wątki ofiarnicze.A także Rosja, a już nie-Rosja. Estońska semiotyka w Tartu i Tallinnie nadal czerpiąca z Łotmanowskiego geniuszu i kontynuująca (w Tartu) swoje Trudy w sferze semiotycznych systemów. Jej wpływy na Wschodzie i Zachodzie i dylematy po odejściu Łotmana. Numer ten ukazuje się pod gościnną redakcją profesora Piotra Fasta z Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach.
The author considers the problem of linguistic terminology in the context of changes which took place in linguistics of the late XXth century and the beginning of the XXIth century under the influence of postmodern culture. The changes in linguistics depend primarily on such characteristics of postmodernism as irrationalism (anti-scientism), pragmacentrism (sociocentrism) and simulacrism. The author shows how linguistic terminology changes in the new cultural conditions and distinguishes between four phenomena: ambisemy, transfusion, complication and approximation. Taking a critical (normative) methodological position on the latest processes in the filed of terminology, the author considers some criteria for evaluating innovations.
Michał KrzykawskiFaculty of PhilologyUniversity of Silesia in Katowice What After French Theory? A Troublesome LegacyThe goal of the present article is a critical reading of the legacy of the French theory, which exerted a powerful impact upon the shape of the discourse of contemporary literary studies in Poland. Insofar as “practising theory,” which has, by and large, replaced “practising literature,” indeed revived the Polish humanities in the 1990s, today the real epistemological potential of the poststructural theoretical instruments seems to be fading. The subsequent “turns,” proclaimed in the milieus of the “new” humanities seem to endorse the intellectual status quo, because they take place within the limits of the same paradigm, to which their purely declarative character testifies. The literary scholarship of/in the future will therefore be the scholarship of retreat.Keywords: French theory, literary scholarship, poststructuralism, theoretical paradigms Co po French Theory? Kłopotliwe dziedzictwo Celem niniejszego artykułu jest krytyczne odczytanie dziedzictwa po French Theory, które miało znaczący wpływ na kształt współczesnego dyskursu literaturoznawczego w Polsce. O ile jednak „uprawianie teorii”, które w dużej mierze zastąpiło „uprawianie literatury” jako takiej, było niezwykle ożywcze dla rozwoju polskiej humanistyki w latach dziewięćdziesiątych, o tyle dzisiaj poststrukturalistyczne narzędzia teoretyczne wytraciły swój realny potencjał epistemologiczny. Ogłaszane w („nowej”) humanistyce zwroty pogłębiają jedynie intelektualne status quo, gdyż dokonują się one w ramach tego samego paradygmatu, o czym najlepiej świadczy ich czysto deklaratywny charakter. Literaturoznawstwo (w) przyszłości będzie literaturoznawstwem odwrotu. Słowa klucze: French theory, francuska teoria literatury, literaturoznawstwo, poststrukturalizm, paradygmaty teoretyczne
PL
Michał KrzykawskiWydział FilologicznyUniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach What After French Theory? A Troublesome Legacy The goal of the present article is a critical reading of the legacy of the French theory, which exerted a powerful impact upon the shape of the discourse of contemporary literary studies in Poland. Insofar as “practising theory,” which has, by and large, replaced “practising literature,” indeed revived the Polish humanities in the 1990s, today the real epistemological potential of the poststructural theoretical instruments seems to be fading. The subsequent “turns,” proclaimed in the milieus of the “new” humanities seem to endorse the intellectual status quo, because they take place within the limits of the same paradigm, to which their purely declarative character testifies. The literary scholarship of/in the future will therefore be the scholarship of retreat.Keywords: French theory, literary scholarship, poststructuralism, theoretical paradigms Co po French Theory? Kłopotliwe dziedzictwo Celem niniejszego artykułu jest krytyczne odczytanie dziedzictwa po French Theory, które miało znaczący wpływ na kształt współczesnego dyskursu literaturoznawczego w Polsce. O ile jednak „uprawianie teorii”, które w dużej mierze zastąpiło „uprawianie literatury” jako takiej, było niezwykle ożywcze dla rozwoju polskiej humanistyki w latach dziewięćdziesiątych, o tyle dzisiaj poststrukturalistyczne narzędzia teoretyczne wytraciły swój realny potencjał epistemologiczny. Ogłaszane w („nowej”) humanistyce zwroty pogłębiają jedynie intelektualne status quo, gdyż dokonują się one w ramach tego samego paradygmatu, o czym najlepiej świadczy ich czysto deklaratywny charakter. Literaturoznawstwo (w) przyszłości będzie literaturoznawstwem odwrotu. Słowa klucze: French theory, francuska teoria literatury, literaturoznawstwo, poststrukturalizm, paradygmaty teoretyczne
This article deals with the problem of teaching the history of literature, specifically with regard to Polish (and Czech) literary history in the context of foreign study, namely in Germany. The authors are concerned with the question of whether it is possible to teach the history of literature to foreign students according to the standards set for Polish (and Czech) students, i.e. through a historical and literary perspective, division into epochs and, above all, with regard to the canon. In view of the fact that undergraduate curricula in Germany provide only a few hours of instruction in literary history, and that German students are not taught the literary canon at school but rather learn to question the normative value of every author or text, the teaching of ‘traditional’ literary history in Germany is problematic. Drawing on their own biographical experience as part of the ‘twilight of the canon generation’, the authors argue that the didactic process requires an awareness both of the need for a canon — as a kind of ‘map’ to navigate the territory of literature — and of its constant questioning, deconstruction, rewriting, and expansion. In the next part of the article, the authors discuss the ‘poststructuralist turn’ in literary historiography and examine selected poststructuralist textbooks on the history of national literatures, especially those that do not abandon the basic assumptions of literary synthesis in their ambition to give new order to the material. Another part of the article discusses the textbook Polnische Literatur im langen 19. Jahrhundert. Grundkonzepte — Author:innen — Textinterpretationen, created by the Leipzig Institute of Slavic Studies in cooperation with the Polish Academy of Sciences, a textbook that aims to present the history of Polish literature 1822–1939 as a history of Polish attitudes towards both cultivating and questioning the Polish canon. The handbook was conceived on the basis of the programs of the B.A. Polish literary courses in Leipzig and its preparation involved the participation of the students as translators and commentators on chapters written in Polish. The conclusion of the article is a plea for a hermeneutical consideration of the didactic relevance of canons as interpretationalcommunicational tools giving students and others the possibility to mediate between the orientation skills a tradition can provide and its critical inquiring, as well as to make different point of views intelligible to one another.
Celem artykułu jest namysł nad poststrukturalistyczną konceptualizacją praktyk społecznych i autonomicznych pól produkcji kulturowej w późnej twórczości Pierre'a Bourdieu, zmierzający w kierunku wyodrębnienia specyfiki autonomicznego pola sztuki i uchwycenia nastawienia auto¬ra wobec własnych konstrukcji teoretycznych. Autonomiczne pole sztuki rysuje się w tym kontek¬ście jako jedna z takich trwających wciąż struktur o charakterze historycznym, które umożliwiają produkcję i reprodukcję kultury; jako stosunkowo wolne od zewnętrznych nacisków, autonomicz¬ne pola produkcji kulturowej sprzyjają akumulacji wiedzy i wzmacniają potencjał refleksji. Jako takie – pole sztuki jest diagnozowane u Bourdieu jako współczesna wartość wymagająca obrony. Autorka wydobywając z konceptualizacji Bourdieu tę diagnozę, z którą się zgadza, stara się tak¬że wskazać najważniejsze tradycje humanistyczne, które, według niej, umożliwiły nowoczesne i współczesne ujęcia teorii praktyki oraz rozwój myśli Bourdieu w kierunku emancypacyjnym.
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The article’s aim is to reflect on the late poststructuralist conceptualisations of social practices and autonomous fields of cultural production by Pierre Bourdieu in order to distin¬guish the specificity of the autonomous field of art and to grasp the author’s attitudes to these theoretical constructions. The autonomous field of art is being drawn in the late thought of the French thinker as one of the still existing structures of historical character enabling cultural production and reproduction that is relatively free from external pressures, favours the accu¬mulation of knowledge and enhances reflection. As such – it is diagnosed as a contemporary value in need of defence. The author of these considerations tries to extract this diagnosis, with which she agrees, form Bourdieu’s thought. She also attempts to point out the most important, according to her, humanistic traditions which enabled some selected approaches to the theory of practice of modernity and late modernity, and thus the development of Bourdieu’s ideas towards emancipation.
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