Search results

1

Is Transreligious Theology Unavoidable in Interreligious Theology and Dialogue?

100%

Gustafson H.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

This article investigates whether transreligious theology is unavoidable in the doing of interreligious theology and dialogue. In so doing, it opens with three examples that point the way to transreligious theology (Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Keith Ward, and Francis Clooney). Various prefixes are then defined and distinguished from one another as they are often applied to the term “religious” (uni-, intra-, multi-, cross-, inter-, and trans-). These prefixes are then applied to the terms “dialogue” (transreligious dialogue) and “theology” (transreligious theology). In particular, transreligious theology is set apart by a) taking seriously the fluid and porous borders of religion and religious identities, and b) its requirement of generating something novel beyond the already established religious traditions. The question is then asked whether transreligious theology is unavoidable in the context of interreligious theology dialogue, given the vast complexity of religious identities. The article culminates by addressing two lingering challenges to transreligious theology, the perceived specter of creeping syncretism and the possibility of “frustration overload” due to the overwhelming complexity of religions and religious identities.

2

Tożsamość religijna a bezpieczeństwo konfesyjne: współczesne wyzwania (na przykładzie Republiki Białoruś)

100%

Harbatski A.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2015

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vol. 25

135-150

EN

The article deals with historical, legal, and economic factors affecting the religious identity, both in the world and in the Republic of Belarus. The author shows how the religious identity influences safety of any confessional state.

3

Školské sestry sv. Františka za normalizace: mezi snahou uchovat identitu a zápasem o přežití

100%

Řičář Libánská A.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2022

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vol. 14

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issue 2

77-98

XX

This paper examines the strategies that enabled the nuns and their congregations to adapt to life and ministry under the Czechoslovak authoritarian regime, focusing on the less studied period of normalisation.

4

Oigeusu kese eestikeelse oigeuskliku silmis: uhe kvalitatiivse uuringu tulemused

88%

Eek L.

Mäetagused

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2015

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vol. 60

95-126

EN

The article points to the aspects of Orthodoxy that Estonian-language Orthodox regard as essential. The results discussed in the article were obtained in the course of a religious-sociological study. The article presents plenty of citations from interviews, which explain why people consider Orthodoxy as special and different from other confessions. Answers are categorised on the basis of Ninian Smart’s classification of the dimensions of religion. The informants mentioned all the seven dimensions of religion as being in the centre of Orthodoxy: practical and ritual, narrative and mythic, experiential and emotional, social and institutional, ethical and legal, doctrinal and philosophical, and material. The aspects referred to most often were related to experiential and emotional and ritual dimensions. The informants emphasised the experientiality of Orthodoxy, the stability of traditions, and genuine prayer life in comparison with other confessions, which, in combination, makes the Orthodox feel cosy and homelike. Orthodoxy is seen as consistent and all-embracing, enabling freedom of thought and action. The absence of a strict application of the canons of the church (oikonomia) inherent in Orthodoxy tends to be used as an excuse, to ignore the rules that seem to be unpleasant. The phenomena associated with the material dimension were also mentioned rather often. The philosophical dimension was more important for the clergy and those who had studied theology. The narrative dimension, especially the narrative about the arrival of Orthodoxy, occupied a central place among the Setomaa Orthodox. The ethical dimension in association with Christian love was mentioned more often than in connection with other ethical aspects, which were rather exceptional cases. Regarding the institutional dimension as the centre of Orthodoxy was also rather exceptional. The article also discusses shaping of the opinion about Orthodoxy, its connection to religious identity, and the role of opposition to other confessions therein.

5

Multiple Religious Orientation

88%

Diller J.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

This paper focuses on the question of how one can live out multiple religions at once. I arrive at and explore eight answers to this question in the form of eight multiple religious orientations that I argue form a continuum from lighter to more intense forms of participation, i.e., seeking, multiple religious curiosity, hybrid identity without belonging, open single belonging, single belonging with crossing over, hybrid identity with belonging, double belonging, and beyond belonging. In the end, this understanding of religious orientations gives us names and a conceptual order for multiple religious participation which together may allow us to ask old questions more carefully and ask some new questions, too. It also leaves us with a wider personal perspective on the field.

6

Religious Outlook in Times of Deep Mediatization. A Case Study of the Print Media of the Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain and Ireland

88%

Fajfer Ł.

Mediatization Studies

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2019

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vol. 3

EN

This paper discusses the religious outlook of the Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain and Ireland constructed in its official journal. Starting point for the discussion is the social-constructivist approach to mediatization highlighting the role of media in the construction of social reality. In accordance with this approach the question is asked how the Church uses its printed media to construct (reimagine) its religious outlook. In order to answer this question the most important topics, motives and phrases published in issues of the official journal of the Church are identified and grouped into analytical categories. In this way a matrix of distinctive features of an Orthodox outlook is created and analysed. The analysis in this article shows that this outlook mostly consists of references to history and rituals. The other important features include topics such as: religious leaders, myths and heroes. This paper shows that the construction of religious outlook is not influenced by the media narratives of main stream media since the topics such as Brexit and refugee crisis do not appear in the journal.

7

Powikłane losy Ukrainy

88%

Pawluczuk W.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2016

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vol. 27 cz. 1

EN

It was already in the Middle Ages that the lands of today’s Ukraine were the area of clashes between the East and the West, Rome and the Byzantine Empire. Those clashes were manifested in confessional discrepancies of Catholicism and Orthodoxy as well as the differences in sacral language. In Ukraine, similarly to the whole area of the Latin – Byzantine borderline, the decisive factor in the later ethnical processes was not the original tribal structure of those lands, but the scope of the Eastern Christianity influence. In the days of Kievan Rus’, the vast area of this country was home to the general attitude of “Russian” community, primarily understood as the community of Eastern Christianity followers. The remains of the “Russian peoples” community lasted long after the fall of Kievan Rus’. To some extent, its origins can be found until this day. In the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, emerges the identity of the “Russian nation”, separate from the Russians in the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the political, ideological, but also largely in the religious, cultural, and linguistic sense. However, it is not possible to observe separate Ukrainian and Belarussian ethnic groups in this area until the end of the XVI century. The Ruthenian ethnos was entirely separate from the Russian ethnos. The differentiation into the Ukrainian and Belarussian ethnos begins after the Union of Lublin, following which the Ukrainian lands become a part of the Crown, and the Belarussian lands remain a part of Lithuania. The political and cultural independence of Ukrainian lands is consolidated with the Khmelnytsky Uprising and the events that followed.

8

Parenting of Adolescents with Disorders Deciding on a New Path

76%

Bublil G.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2019

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issue 54

PL

The objective of the article is to present a group intervention program in the narrative approach with parents of adolescents who suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For this purpose, the article will review the characteristic difficulties of parents of adolescents who have ADHD, the principles of the narrative approach, and the contribution of the group in work in this approach. On this basis, the initial intervention program, which addresses unique components intended to answer the difficulties and content worlds of this population of parents, will be presented. This article will express the parents’ strengths and the difficulties that they face and the group processes that influenced the change in the perceptions and behaviors of parents of adolescents with ADHD. These contents were learned from the pilot group of the research study. Five parents, primarily mothers, of children aged twelve to fourteen who suffer from ADHD participated in the group. The article will address one of the significant difficulties that arose in the encounters with the parents, the behavior of the adolescent who has ADHD regarding the religious identity and behavior appropriate for the values upon which he was educated. The contribution of the research study lies in that it offers parents support and ways of coping with the stress and emotional load that accompanies their coping with the adolescent who has ADHD.

9

Tożsamość religijna w dobie mediatyzacji religii

75%

Szulich-Kałuża J.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

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2021

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vol. 49

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issue 1

133-150

EN

The main goal of the article is to present Leon Dyczewski’s concept of religious identity in the era of the mediatization of religion, and to describe the dynamics of this process in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject is an important part of the contemporary discourse on religious identity in the age of a pandemic and opens up new interesting problem issues.The article is divided into three parts. The first part discusses Dyczewski’s concept of religious identity. Then I present the issue of the mediatization of religion and how it affects religious identity. Finally, I carry out an empirical analysis of religious discourses on the Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic. Messages are treated as media products that construct the content elements of religious identity.

PL

Zasadniczym celem podjętym w artykule jest przedstawienie koncepcji tożsamości religijnej Leona Dyczewskiego w dobie mediatyzacji religii i pokazanie dynamiki procesu mediatyzacji w kontekście pandemii COVID-19. Tematyka wpisuje się w nurt współczesnego dyskursu o tożsamości religijnej w dobie pandemii, otwierając nowe interesujące pola problemowe. Artykuł ma trójdzielną strukturę – w pierwszej części jest omówiona koncepcja tożsamości religijnej w ujęciu Leona Dyczewskiego, następnie przybliżone zagadnienie mediatyzacji religii wraz z odniesieniami do najważniejszych konsekwencji dla tożsamości religijnej. W części trzeciej dokonano empirycznej analizy dyskursów religijnych w Internecie w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Przekazy są traktowane jako produkty medialne konstruujące elementy treściowe tożsamości religijnej.

10

Problem dojrzałości osób przygotowujących się do sakramentu małżeństwa

71%

Wieradzka-Pilarczyk A., Pilarczyk H.

Teologia i Moralność

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2016

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vol. 11

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issue 2(20)

163-180

EN

The maturity of people preparing for marriage is an essential condition for the validity of the sacrament. Described in the article maturity is understood to be multifaceted, ranging from legal maturity, social, emotional and mental, to religious maturity that interests us most. Taking into account statistical surveys concerning religious identity of people between 18 and 40, the text provides pastoral guidance on the necessary formation of those who begin immediate preparation to get married in the Catholic Church.

PL

Dojrzałość osób przygotowujących się do małżeństwa stanowi podstawowy warunek ważności zawieranego sakramentu. Opisywana w artykule dojrzałość rozumiana jest wieloaspektowo, począwszy od dojrzałości prawnej, poprzez społeczną, emocjonalno-psychiczną, aż po interesującą nas w sposób najistotniejszy – dojrzałość religijną. Biorąc pod uwagę badania statystyczne, dotyczące tożsamości religijnej osób pomiędzy 18 a 40 r. życia, przedstawiony tekst zawiera wskazówki pastoralne na temat koniecznej formacji osób, które rozpoczynają bezpośrednie przygotowanie do złożenia sobie przysięgi małżeńskiej w Kościele katolickim.

11

Językowe przejawy tożsamości religijnej w zbiorze Bogowie fałszywi – słowa, motywy, strategie

63%

Hawrysz m.

Język. Religia. Tożsamość

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2017

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issue 2(16)

113-123

EN

The aim of the study is to identify and describe the language exponents of religious doctrine present in sixteenth-century anonymous collection of songs False Gods, which is one of the few testimonies of poetic battles of words coming from the gathering of the Polish Brethren. The central concept of the text is the religious identity, understood as a set of values, beliefs perceptions, symbols and patterns of behavior. Its identification is made by analyzing vocabulary, expressive connections of different status, and the conceptualizations of various concepts and elements of reality. This has allowed to describe the relationship with God and his conceptualization, basic truths of faith, attitude to life and to indicate the source of beliefs. From the volume emerges dichotomous view of reality resulting from a confrontation with an alien. We get the characteristics of “US” (belonging to Polish brothers) by polemical description of „THEM” (the Catholics).

12

Католическое меньшинство на дону: риски сохранения конфессиональной идентичности

63%

Biedrik A. W.

Cywilizacja i Polityka

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 14

254-268

RU

В статье анализируется проблема сохранения идентичности и социокультурного воспроизводства традиционных конфессиональных меньшинств в современном российском обществе. На примере католической общины Ростовской области рассматривается процесс возрождение конфессиональной общности в постсоветский период, демографический потенциал общины, риски ее социокультурного воспроизводства, тенденции этноконфессиональной и расовой сегрегации внутри общины, проблемы общественного восприятия католиков региональным социумом.

EN

The article researches the problem of preserving the identity of the traditional confessional minorities in contemporary Russian society (for example, the Catholic community of Rostov region). Authors analyze the current status of its socio-cultural reproduction. Historically, the Catholic minority was always present in the confessional portrait of the Don region. It is confirmed by the pre-revolutionary census. Soviet period and the policy of state atheism have significantly reduced the demographic set of the Catholic community. Since 1990s. Catholic parishes began to revive. But this process is accompanied by a number of endogenous and exogenous complexities. The category of endogenous risk reproduction of Don Catholic community included a reduction of ethnic groups that traditionally profess Catholicism (Poles, Germans, Lithuanians) in the regional population. At the same time under the influence of migration flows increased presence in the region, Armenian Catholics and Catholics among Ukrainians that strengthens claims of members of the religious community to change the traditional (Latin) rite in favor of the Eastern Christian (Byzantine) rite. At the level of everyday life confessional community play ethnic and racial segregation, impeding the consolidation of the group, its demographic growth due to intramarriages. The growth of the community by neophytes complicated by strict rules incorporating new members, as well as the official rejection of the Roman Catholic Church of proselytism in Russia. Exogenous factors socio-cultural reproduction of religious groups is the difficulty in resolving the legal status of the community, land and property issues in the places of worship, public perception of Catholics among the population and the authorities. Despite the convergence of the official position of the Roman Catholic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church on a number of issues, the legal status of the Catholic community in Russia is often marginal. This is due to including with the problems of presence on the territory of the Russian Catholic clergy, mainly consisting of a number of citizens of foreign countries (Poland, Ukraine, and others.). In such circumstances, and taking into account the total secularization of Russian society can predict a further reduction in the Catholic community and the replacement of religious identity of its members, especially among young people.

13

Антропологическое и историческое измерение религиозной идентичности

63%

Горбацкий А.

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

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2017

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vol. Cerkiew a asymilacja- swój i obcy

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issue 8

39-48

EN

The article presents some examples concerning anthropological and historical dimension of religious identity on the territory of Pinsk and Brest counties of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Within the framework of historical dimension of religious identity the author pays attention to how this type of identity was formed and realized in the 15th–17th centuries in Pinsk and Brest counties of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and shows how the Orthodoxy developed from the simple to the complex, taking into account both internal mechanisms of culture and law and complex perception of transcendency. Within the framework of anthropological dimension of religious identity the author considers cultural and historical tradition as a component of religious identity always causing certain interest in the scientific community. Specific examples show that all spiritual and mostly material life of the residents of the counties has been regulated by religious standards of behavior and norms of the organization of everyday life. Certain attention is paid to the fact that the development and study of the values of cultural and historical tradition in the past, the evaluation of social and anthropological importance of cultural tradition will allow us to get to know better the peculiarities of the people’s spirituality and expand theoretical perspectives for self-identification. The article contains the facts of what contributed to the formation of the religious identity of the indigenous population of the above-mentioned counties.

14

Tożsamość religijna a bezpieczeństwo duchowe jednostki

63%

Orłowska B. A.

Język. Religia. Tożsamość

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2022

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issue 2 B (26)

215-226

PL

Celem artykułu jest próba zwrócenia uwagi na zaniedbany obszar badań, jakim jest tożsamość religijna. Dookreślenie jej i wskazanie wpływu na bezpieczeństwo duchowe jednostki pozwoli lepiej poznać człowieka. W artykule autorka stawia pytania, które mają pozwolić lepiej przeanalizować i zrozumieć tożsamość religijną, szczególnie osób po konwersji.

EN

The aim of the article is to try to draw attention to the neglected area of research which is religious identity. Specifying it and indicating the impact on the spiritual security of an individual will allow you to get to know a person better. In the article, the author asks questions that are to allow better preparation and understanding of religious identity, especially of people after conversion.

15

Widziane z plebanii. Świat i ludzie w diariuszach dwóch duchownych ewangelickich z Rzeczypospolitej przełomu XVII i XVIII wieku

63%

Kriegseisen W.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2022

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vol. 87

|

issue 1

63-89

EN

In the research on the deteriorating relations between the Evangelical-Reformed (Calvinist) minority and the Catholic majority of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the problems of mutual perception of the representatives of these denominations, as well as the evaluation of the realities of life in an increasingly Catholic state by the representatives of the Evangelical minority have been investigated the least. Based on two diaries by Evangelical-Reformed clergymen, Gabriel Dyjakiewicz and Jan Krzysztof Kraiński, who were active in Podlasie and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the turn of the eighteenth century, the author attempts to present the image of the world as perceived and presented on the pages of these two egodocuments. After analysing the diary entries, it cannot be concluded that their authors found themselves in a social and communicative vacuum, although both of them noticed the progressive isolation of Evangelical circles. According to the records, it also appears that interfaith relations in the everyday life were not as bad as contemporary historical studies suggest. Both authors had a positive attitude towards the state, felt to be its citizens and patriots, combining a strong Evangelical religious identity with a sense of community with the society of the predominantly Catholic Polish Nobles’ Republic. Neither of the diaries reflects on the civilisational and cultural differences between the society of the north-eastern lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the world of Protestant Europe, known to both authors from their university studies.

16

Od turysty do pielgrzyma – wyzwania teologiczno-pastoralne

63%

Roszak P.

Sympozjum

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2023

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vol. 1(44)

23-41

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę wyzwań związanych z tożsamością pielgrzyma chrześcijańskiego w obliczu dynamicznego rozwoju turystyki religijnej. Inflacja semantyczna określająca mianem pielgrzyma każdego wędrowca oznacza nową konfigurację działań duszpasterskich, zwłaszcza sposoby radzenia sobie z konsumpcjonizmem sacrum, jaki wiele osób dostrzega. W kontekście obserwacji Zygmunta Baumana o przekształceniu pielgrzyma w turystę, artykuł proponuje refleksję odwrotną: W jaki sposób turysta staje się pielgrzymem w realiach współczesnych szlaków pielgrzymkowych? Za punkt odniesienia wybrano Camino de Santiago i przeanalizowano aktualnie prowadzone działania duszpasterskie, zarówno w wymiarze instytucjonalnym, jak i indywidualnym.

EN

This article presents an analysis of the current challenges to the identity of the Christian pilgrim in the face of the dynamic growth of religious tourism. The semantic inflation that results in every wanderer being described as a pilgrim implies a new configuration of pastoral care, especially in terms of responding to the perceived “consumerism of the sacred.” In the context of Z. Bauman’s observations concerning the transformation of the pilgrim into the tourist, the article proposes a reverse type of reflection, that is, how the tourist can become a pilgrim in the reality of modern-day pilgrimage routes. The Camino de Santiago was chosen as the point of reference, and current pastoral activities – both institutional and individual – were analyzed.

17

Sakralna architektura drewniana na terenach przygranicznych Zaolzia

63%

Cader S.

Polonia Journal

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2018

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issue 7

11-29

PL

Zaolzie to specyficzny teren zamieszkiwany przez mniejszość polską. Polacy znaleźli się na obszarze Republiki Czeskiej nie w wyniku migracji, ale z powodu administracyjnego przesunięcia granic. Poddawani przez lata bohemizacji, teraz cieszą się swobodą w posługiwaniu się językiem polskim, kultywowaniem tradycji oraz pielęgnowaniem swojej tożsamości religijnej. Świadectwem przywiązania do polskości oraz katolicyzmu są kościoły, zwłaszcza te z XVIII i XIX wieku, o które Polacy dbają ze szczególną troską.

EN

Zaolzie is a specific area inhabited by the Polish minority. The Poles found themselves in the territory of the Czech Republic, not as a result of migration, but because of the administrative shift of borders. Subjected to years of bohemization, they now enjoy the ease of using Polish language, cultivating tradition and nurturing their religious identity. Testimony of attachment to Polishness and Catholicism are churches, especially those from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, for which Poles care with special care.

18

Tożsamość wyznaniowa – problem ekumeniczny?

63%

Jaskóła P.

Roczniki Teologii Ekumenicznej

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2010

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vol. 2

21-33

DE

Die Frage nach der konfessionellen Identität gilt z. Zt. nicht sonderlich ökumenisch. Gefragt scheint aktuell nicht so sehr ein sich katholisch oder evangelisch verstehendes Christentum, sondern ein ökumenisches. Das Insistieren auf konfessioneller Identität gerät in den Verdacht, das ökumenische Engagement bremsen zu wollen. In der gegenwärtigen ökumenischen Diskussion geht es immer noch vor allem die Gemeinsamkeiten herauszuarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse sind ohne Zweifel beachtlich. Trotz aller Konvergenzen bleiben noch wirksame Unterschiede. So läßt sich im Protestantismus eine gewisse Tendenz zu einer besonderen Art von „Subiektivismus“ feststellen, im katholischen Denken – „Objektivismus“ und „Realismus“. Das äußert sich auf unterschiedliche Weise und auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Wenn man sich nicht damit begnügen will, die verschiedenen Konzeptionen einfach nebeneinander oder gar in Gegensätzlichkeit bestehen zu lassen, dann muß man nach einem Grund der Verschiedenheit suchen. Dieser Grund besteht aber in der Tatsache, daß die unterschiedlichen Konzeptionen und Ansätze in der Schrift sind und man muß sie nicht in ihrer Gegensätzlichkeit, sondern in ihrer möglichen Komplementarität sehen. Sie wollen sich dann eben nicht gegenseitig ausschließen, sondern ergänzen und gegenseitig erklären.

19

Selected indicators of religiosity of postgraduate students of Theology in Poznan

62%

Soiński B.

Teologia i Moralność

|

2020

|

vol. 16

|

issue 2(28)

185-212

PL

Prezentowany artykuł jest raportem z empirycznych studiów dotyczących religijności słuchaczy studiów podyplomowych teologii, którzy przygotowują się do nauczania religii w szkołach i przedszkolach. Sformułowano następujący problem badawczy: czy słuchacze studiów podyplomowych teologii są osobami posiadającym kompetencje duchowe w aspekcie ich rozwoju religijnego i rozwoju wiary, tak aby mogli w przyszłości umiejętnie wspierać duchowo swoich uczniów? Czy są religijni i czy ich religijność posiada cechy dojrzałości? W celu weryfi kacji hipotezy badawczej wykorzystano następujące narzędzia diagnostyczne: ankietę do badania wymiarów religijności, Skalę Praktyk Religijnych (Chaim 1991), Skalę Tożsamości Religijnej A. Wieradzkiej-Pilarczyk (2015), Skalę Religijności Personalnej R. Jaworskiego (1989). Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2017-2019 wśród słuchaczy (N=62) Studiów Podyplomowych Teologiczno-Katechetycznych oraz Studiów Podyplomowych Katechezy Przedszkolnej na WT UAM w Poznaniu. Grupę porównawczą stanowili posiadający wyższe wykształcenie rodzice dzieci pierwszokomunijnych (N=145). Wszyscy badani byli wyznania rzymskokatolickiego. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają zasadność oczekiwania, że słuchaczy studiów podyplomowych teologii powinien charakteryzować wyższy poziom religijności. Zmienna niezależna, jaką jest podjęcie studiów podyplomowych teologii, łączy się w sposób istotny z wyższym niż u innych dorosłych katolików poziomem intensywności wyróżnionych zmiennych psychologicznych,takich jak: autodeklaracja wiary, obraz Boga, praktyki sakramentalne i religijne, zaangażowanie w życie wspólnoty kościelnej, tożsamość religijna oraz religijność personalna.

20

Dylematy tożsamościowe na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim

51%

Głogowska H.

Biografistyka Pedagogiczna

|

2016

|

vol. 1

|

issue 1

23-54

EN

The identity of the population in the Polish–Belarusian borderland depends on a number of objective and subjective factors. National identification is often secondary to cultural and religious identity. The predominant national indifference which occurs in this area (the so-called ‘locality’ i.e. ‘I’m local’) contributes to the formation of stereotypes, or reduces national identity to religious identity: ‘Poles are Catholics’, ‘Belarusians are Orthodox’. The Polish–Belarusian borderland itself is somehow a vague area due to the absence of clear boundaries. This complex situation is a result of various cultural, historical and political influences. The relatively late – in comparison with the Polish or Russian national awareness – evolution of the Belarusian national consciousness and the lack of tradition of a Belarusian state are of particular importance. As there are no clear natural ethnic boundaries and no national Belarusian traditions in the Polish–Belarusian borderland, the borders of national identity run across families – various national options may reveal themselves in one family: Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Jewish and Russian. National identity dilemmas are affected by factors such as: the degree of national consciousness, language, attachment to tradition, knowledge of history, religious affiliation, historical experience, political situation and opportunism.

PL

Tożsamość ludności na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim jest uzależniona od wielu czynników o charakterze obiektywnym i subiektywnym. Identyfikacja narodowa jest często wtórna wobec tożsamości kulturowej lub wyznaniowej. Występujący najczęściej indyferentyzm narodowościowy (tzw. tutejszość) przyczynia się do powstawania stereotypów czy sprowadzania kategorii tożsamości narodowej do tożsamości wyznaniowej („Polak-katolik”, „Białorusin-prawosławny”). Samo pogranicze polsko-białoruskie obszarowo bywa niedookreślone w związku z brakiem wyraźnych granic. Tak złożona sytuacja jest wynikiem różnych wpływów kulturowych, historycznych oraz politycznych. Szczególne znaczenie ma stosunkowo późne – w porównaniu ze świadomością polską czy rosyjską – kształtowanie się białoruskiej świadomości narodowej oraz brak tradycji państwa białoruskiego. Brak wyraźnych naturalnych granic etnicznych oraz tradycji narodowych białoruskich sprawia, że na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim granice tożsamości narodowej przebiegają przez rodziny – w jednej rodzinie mogą ujawniać się różne opcje narodowościowe: polska, białoruska, litewska, żydowska, rosyjska. Na dylematy tożsamościowe wpływają takie czynniki, jak: stan świadomości narodowej, język, przywiązanie do tradycji, znajomość historii, przynależność wyznaniowa, doświadczenia historyczne, sytuacja polityczna oraz koniunkturalizm.

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