Search results - CEJSH

1

The Analysis of the Consumer Satisfaction with the Quality of Logistics Services in the DPD Company

100%

Roman K., Sawczuk D.

Logistics and Transport

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2017

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vol. 34

33-40

EN

Customer service is one of the leading elements of modern logistics. The issues connected with the quality of services as well as to the level of customer service are the subject of interest of many researchers. Based on the literature of the subject, it can be safely stated that the most of the available papers focus on the theoretical aspect of this matter. Therefore, in the following work one can see an attempt of presenting the process of implementing logistic customer service based on one of the leading courier companies in Poland. Dynamic Parcel Distribution (hereinafter referred to as DPD) is a company that owns nearly 30% of shares in the Polish courier market. The significant position of the national leader in the courier service business obliges the company to conduct the responsible and efficient customer service that is adjusted to the demands of the buyers. The purpose of this study was to investigate how logistic customer service improves the relationship between company and its customers. The evaluation of research findings will result in proposing solutions that will aim to improve the processes connected with the customer service in the DPD Company.

2

Etyka w zawodzie samorządowca, w aspekcie personalistycznym

100%

Dyk T.

Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana

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2013

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issue 1

133-140

EN

After the 1989 in Poland, together with social and political change has increased the role of local governments. Local Government Jobs took the partnership both in terms of personal and social life. The article is an attempt to refl ect on the work of Local Government in the context of the ethics of personalism. Local Government on the one hand obliges the law of the state, on the other side of the local government is a member of the community in which he lives and the thing would work. His life and moral values are important to this service and legitimize him. I would like to point out that his personal development is an important part of this activity both for his own sake as well as those for whom he seeks to serve.

3

A szeretet az emberi életút tükrében

100%

György H.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2015

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issue 3(18)

133-144

EN

The love service, serving of sacraments and announcing of the Word of God – these are the three main tasks which belong to the deepest meaning of the Church. They underlie together and cannot be separated. Because the Catholic Church is society of the children of God, have to be submerged in love. This dutz is considered as the main mission from the beginning, as we read about it in encyclical Deus caritas est – the God is Love.

4

RÓŻA CZACKA (1876-1961) – PIONIERKA POLSKIEJ TYFLOLOGII, ZAŁOŻYCIELKA DZIEŁA LASEK, NIEWIDOMA MATKA NIEWIDOMYCH

100%

ŁOBACZ M.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

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2018

|

issue 2

45-53

EN

The subject of reflections contained in this article is Rose Czacka – Mother Elizabeth. This is a figure that constantly inspires both people with good and bad sight. Educators, tyflologists, the blind and their families constantly use this legacy. At the age of 22 in her best time of life, Rose loses her sight, and this moment becomes a significant breakthrough in the life of a young Countess – she is not feeling sorry for her difficult situation she devotes herself completely to the work for the blind . In this article the biography of Rose Czacka was approximated, and then a brief characterization of the Lasek idea was presented. The analyses finished with an issue concentrating around Mother Elizabeth, who became the mother of the blind, constantly fighting for their dignity, freedom and independence.

5

Fault analysis of the combustion engine used in public transport vehicles

100%

Drozdziel P., Rybicka I., Tarkowski S.

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2018

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vol. 50

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issue 3(189)

95-108

EN

The goal of this article is the fault analysis of combustion engines on the basis of the assessment of dependent variables: initial mileage, annual mileage and the annual number of orders made in the service and repair system compared with the independent factor, i.e. bus make. In the research four vehicle makes were tested: Jelcz M121, Mercedes-Benz Citaro, Solaris Urbino 12 and Autosan Sancity 12LF. The research encompassed the number of faults of a vehicle and its systems, the initial and annual mileage. It was conducted on the basis of 2015 data broken into particular months.

6

Professional Ethics of Officers Responsible for Security and Public Order in the Light of Empirical Research

88%

Fałdowski M.

Internal Security

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2018

|

vol. Special Issue

79-93

EN

The values and patterns of behavior of officers of the pre-war State Police find their reference in today’s rules of professional ethics for both policemen and officers in charge of public security and order. It is not without significance for today’s Police that the duty of an officer of the State Police to take control, both in the service and in private life, with the commandments that confirmed him in need to help those in need. Appealing to the values that are the foundation of the service is combined with the knowledge of the basic terms used in ethics. Determining whether the values raised in today’s service are not alien to police officers justifies the scientific exploration of the problem area in the title of the study. The article presents partial results of a survey carried out at the Police Academy in Szczytno on a group of policemen studying or undertaking vocational training, which refer to the issue discussed. Their goal was to determine, among others knowledge of the principles of professional ethics in force in the Police and the sources of their knowledge about these principles. In addition, the article attempts to diagnose standards that Polish policemen are guided by, among others by indicating the state of their knowledge in terms of attitudes and values that they should follow in their daily service.

7

Challenges and development guidelines of the service industry in Uzbekistan

88%

Safarov B.

Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business

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2011

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vol. 7

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issue 1

43-44

EN

The article discusses challenges and policy perspectives of services sector in Uzbekistan. The country adopted the special program targeted to accelerate development of service activities. However, still there is much potential to be studied and involved in dimension of ongoing reforms.

8

Odmowa przyznania świadczenia motywacyjnego w sytuacji wszczęcia postępowania karnego przeciwko funkcjonariuszowi Policji

88%

Gacek P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

|

2021

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vol. 2

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issue 34

65-85

EN

On October 1st 2020, a new institution was introduced to the Act on the Police – the incentive benefit. It is intended by the legislature to keep officers with at least 25 years active service. Awarding this benefit depends on the period of service held by the officer. The regulation relating to the incentive benefit also provides for a number of negative premises, the materialization of which results in the refusal to grant the benefit. This article is entirely devoted to the issue related to the refusal to grant an incentive benefit in the cause of initiating criminal proceedings against a Police officer. It was therefore necessary to indicate at what point the stage of criminal proceedings changes from in rem to ad personam, because this results in initiating them against a specific person. The change in the stage of criminal proceedings depends on the offence it concerns. If it is a public prosecution offense, the change takes place in connection with the presentation of charges to the specific person. However, in the context of Art. 120a (7) (2) Act on the Police, the initiation of criminal proceedings against a specific person should be equated with the very fact of drawing up a decision on the presentation of charges. However, it is different in the situation specified in Art. 55 § 1 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, or in proceedings in cases prosecuted by private prosecution. The mere submitting of a subsidiary indictment, private indictment or complaint results in the initiation of proceedings against a specific person, provided that they have been submitted effectively. It was also emphasized that the administrative authority is bound by decisions undertaken in the criminal proceedings and cannot make any independent determinations in this regard, as it cannot interfere with the competences reserved to another entity.

9

Ownership structure and performance of professional service firms in a declining industry: Evidence from Vietnamese securities firms

88%

Nguyen T. H., Nguten X. M., Nguyen T. T. H., Tran Q. T.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2017

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vol. Volume 13

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issue Issue 2

142-151

EN

This study posits that the declining industry is a good institutional environment to examine the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance of Vietnamese securities firms. This downturn decreases the return on investment of the industry and creates incentives for managers to expropriate shareholders more severely. In addition, different groups of shareholders recognizing the status of the industry may have their own reactions which are likely to affect firm performance. Using pooled OLS regression with a sample of 240 observations from 56 Vietnamese securities firms over the period from 2009 to 2016, we find supporting evidence of convergence-of-interest with a significantly negative relationship between insider ownership and profitability. In addition, foreign ownership is also positively related to firm performance. Firm size affects positively firm performance while number of employees has a negative impact on profitability.

10

Fikcja prawna doręczenia w postępowaniu administracyjnym prowadzonym przez organy publiczne

88%

Hamerlak D., Drewniany M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

|

2014

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issue 2

75-93

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse legal fiction of service of correspondence in accordance with Code of Administrative Proceedings and Tax Law Act. The essence of serving pursuant to Article 44 of Code of Administrative Proceedings and Article 150 of Tax Law Act is storing the correspondence for 14 days at a post office, in case of service conducted by a postal operator, or storing it for 14 days in the commune or town council’s office – in case of service conducted by an employee of the commune or town council or other authorized person or organ (in accordance with Tax Law Act the person conducting the service may also be an employee of Tax Office). The addressee is notified twice about the service by means of a written notification left at his/her letter box or when it is not possible, in the door of his/her place of residence, office or other premises where the addressee performs his/her professional activity or in a noticeable spot at the entrance of his/her property. If the addressee does not report for receipt of the correspondence, the date of service of the correspondence will be the day when the 14 day storing period expires (it is calculated in accordance with Article 57 & 1 of Code of Administrative Proceedings). However, many doubts arise when the correspondence served under this regulation contains a notification about initiation of proceedings and the purpose of sending this correspondence is to establish contact with the Party in order to secure his/her right to active participation in the proceedings. It should be noted here that the way of serving correspondence described above is a mere legal fiction and does not fulfill its intended function. Moreover, in case of return of the correspondence with the note “not collected by deadline”, the administrative organ cannot be sure whether the absence of the addressee is only temporary or the Party does not reside under this address any more or the Party is absent, in which case, in accordance with Article 34 of Code of Administrative Proceedings or Article 138 of Tax Law Act, there is a need to apply to court for establishment of a Proxy for the absent Party.

PL

Celem pracy jest analiza instytucji fikcji doręczenia na gruncie przepisów kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego i ordynacji podatkowej. Istotą doręczenia w trybie art. 44 k.p.a. i 150 o.p. jest przechowywanie pisma przez okres 14 dni w placówce pocztowej — w przypadku doręczania pisma przez operatora pocztowego lub złożenie go na okres czternastu dni w urzędzie właściwej gminy (miasta) — w przypadku doręczania pisma przez pracownika urzędu gminy (miasta) lub upoważnioną osobę lub organ (zgodnie z o.p. doręczającym może być również pracownik organu podatkowego). Adresat jest dwukrotnie zawiadamiany o tym fakcie poprzez postawienie informacji w skrzynce oddawczej, a gdy jest to niemożliwe na drzwiach jego mieszkania, jego biura lub innego pomieszczenia, w którym wykonuje on swoje czynności zawodowe, bądź w widocznym miejscu przy wejściu na jego posesję. Jeżeli adresat nie zgłosi się po odbiór korespondencji, datą doręczenia jest dzień, w którym upłynął czternastodniowy termin do jej odbioru, liczony zgodnie z treścią art. 57 § 1 k.p.a. Szereg wątpliwości pojawia się jednak w sytuacji, gdy pismem doręczonym w tym trybie jest zawiadomienie o wszczęciu postępowania, którego celem jest nawiązanie ze stroną kontaktu, a co się z tym wiąże zapewnienie jej czynnego udziału w postępowaniu. Zauważyć należy, że doręczenie w trybie awizo jest jedynie fikcją prawną i roli tej nie spełnia. Ponadto w przypadku zwrotu zawiadomienia o wszczęciu postępowania z adnotacją „nie podjęto w terminie” organ nie ma pewności czy nieobecność ta ma charakter czasowy i osoba rzeczywiście zamieszkuje pod wskazanym adresem czy też ma do czynienia z osobą nieobecną i należy na podstawie art. 34 k.p.a. czy 138 o.p. zwrócić się do sądu o ustalenie dla niej przedstawiciela.

11

Elektroniczne doręczenia w postępowaniu administracyjnym

88%

Czerwińska B.

Prawo

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2017

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issue 322

9-16

EN

Implementation of IT solutions in administrative proceedings serves to accelerate and facilitate citizens’ access to public services and ensures the most convenient citizen contact with the office thanks to the adaptation process of the institution to new technologies. The possibility of using an electronic method of service is an expression of adapting administration to the needs of modern society. The exercise of this institution is simple and gives the ability to settle the matter very quickly.

12

Pro-ecological hotel policies as assessed by guests

88%

Kapera I., Wszendybył-Skulska E.

Turyzm

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2017

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vol. 27

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issue 2

57-62

EN

The purpose of the research was to learn whether pro-ecological policies are important to guests staying at hotels. It is based on a survey of 274 guests staying at 23 hotels in Poland. Research has shown that 32.1% of survey participants consider proecological issues when choosing a stay at a hotel. Close to 62% of guests believe that hotels should pursue such initiatives which are believed to yield environmental benefits, reductions in hotel operating costs, promotional effects, and a positive impact on a hotel's image. More than 35% of guests would be willing to pay more for a stay at a hotel that pursues environmentally-friendly policies. It is important to emphasize that pro-ecological activity is not used in hotel rankings in Poland.

13

CHALLENGES FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS UNDER THE TRANSFORMATION MULTI-CHANNELING INTO OMNICHANNELING

88%

Lipowski M., Bondos I.

Information Systems in Management

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 4

520-529

EN

In terms of changing service delivery in multi-channel systems and the development of new communication/sales channels the key element of customer service becomes the ability to manage and seek synergies in using multiple service points. The aim of the article is to present the challenges must confront service providers in terms of significant changes in the distribution of services. The highest currently identified symptom of these changes is the omnichanneling strategy. The authors pointed out two major interrelated factors shaping challenges for service providers - big data and proliferation channels. The main part of the article is a list of actual challenges for service providers under transformation services distribution strategy towards omnichanneling.

14

Стилске карактеристике лексике превода текстова из сфере православне духовности на савремени српски језик

76%

Levuškina R. S.

Stylistyka

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2020

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vol. 29

385-397

EN

In Serbian theolinguistics, there is a good terminological and theoretical basis for research of sacral functional stylistics complex, e.g. functional varieties and genres of the literary language determined by sacral spheres and aims of communication. In this paper, about 160–170 lexical units from two texts of this sphere and literary style have been analyzed. The first one is novel Lavr, translated into Serbian from Russian and the second is Service of the Icon of the Mother of God Velikore - m e t s k a – translated into Serbian from the Church-Slavonic language. The first genre (novel) belongs to both the sacral and profane sphere, while the second one (service) is a genre belonging to the sacral sphere only. Stylematic characteristics of lexical units from these texts have been analyzed, mostly on lexical, phonetic-morphological and derivational language levels. In almost all cases (except terminology) stylistically adequate lexemes have been opposed to stylistically neutral (or other) synonym(s). Although we already know what basic constitutive elements of sacral functional stylistics complex (churchslavonisms and archaisms) are, there is not enough synchronic stylistic research of concrete material belonging to sacral functional stylistics complex in the Serbian linguistics. This offered here is one of the first and we hope it to be stimulating for other researchers, so that we can create a bigger list of stylistic adequate lexemes used in sacral genres. This will be useful not only for stylistics of sacral genres, but also for the theory and practice of translation, as well as to Serbian and Slavic theolinguistics.

15

Organizująca siła miłości

75%

Kromolicka B.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

|

2012

|

issue nr 18

77-91

EN

Love is creative and it fulfills a special role in human life. You can assign it a magical power by which man, more or less consciously, can organize her or his life. Love gives to our life meaning. Love opens the possible spaces in which we can find fulfillment in terms of both individual and the social dimension.

16

The application of supply chain analysis to the evaluation of the effectiveness of social service organizations

75%

Szołtysek J., Frączkiewicz - Wronka A.

Management

|

2012

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vol. 16

|

issue 2

199-216

EN

The application of supply chain analysis to the evaluation of the effectiveness of social service organizations The identification and analysis of value chains is a way to find the sources of an organization’s in-/efficiency, and an opportunity to explore how an organization is managed. Having in mind that an “organization network” is a form similar, in its functioning, to a separate organization, one may, using the value chain concept, investigate the management of local activity programmes, as of the networks they are. The researched partnerships introduced a management innovation, in that the social service provision organizations were brought together to form one chain. The researched organizations providing social services have introduced innovations in management that are supposed to unite organizations providing social services in a single chain. This kind of approach allows to obtain additional benefits, including the joint management of subjects composing the chain. In practice, it is also connected with sharing benefits between the participants in the chain, as well as replacing the elements of competition and suspicion with cooperation and trust. Delivering value to the beneficiary, under the provision of social services, is important not only from the point of view of humanity, but also in order to maximize the use of resources, usually insufficient to meet all the needs. The presented studies of supply chains of social services in Silesia showed, that some features of these newly created areas being subject of joint management, still crave for numerous improvements. What may help is logistics, in particular business logistics, having years of experience in the area of observation and active participation in the chain management. However, unconditional adaptation of these experiences is not possible due to the fact that developed methods are based on cost and maintenance compromises, which are insensitive to human needs when the service cost for the chain is not sufficiently profitable. Therefore, it is necessary to implement different methods of managing these chains, principles of which are described in the social logistics. The authors are convinced that combination of the efforts of the organizers of social services and experienced logistics professionals can bring a double benefit. In practical terms it may help to improve the delivery of services with no deterioration of their quality, and to increase the range of services (quantitative or qualitative) based on specific resources. In the epistemological dimension it may enable to develop rules to adapt the theory of logistics for the socially significant needs. Therefore, this paper can be considered as the beginning of the discussion in this regard.

PL

Zastosowanie analizy łańcucha dostaw dla oceny efektywności organizacji dostarczających usługi społeczne Określenie i analiza łańcucha wartości to sposób na poszukiwanie źródeł sprawności i niesprawności przedsiębiorstwa, możliwość zbadania sposobu zarządzania. Pamiętając, że „sieć organizacji” jest formą zbliżoną w sposobie funkcjonowanie do jednostkowej organizacji możemy za pomocą łańcucha wartości zbadać sposób zarządzania w sieci jaką jest program aktywności lokalnej. W analizowanych organizacjach dostarczających usługi społeczne wprowadzono innowacje w zarządzaniu polegającą na łączeniu organizacji dostarczających usługi społeczne w jeden łańcuch.

17

Archbishop Zygmunt Zimowski’s Contribution to Shaping Health Care as a Guardian and Servant of Life

75%

Wojtkun J.

Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej

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2017

|

vol. 16

|

issue 1

EN

The recently deceased Archbishop Zygmunt Zimowski, former President of the Pontifical Council for Health Care Workers, which was incorporated into the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, worked tirelessly to guide and support the sick and suffering who have a right to medical care as well as health care workers in an increasingly complex world. This article presents the mission of health care professionals as a service of the various dimensions of life. This form of service strives to restore harmony to life and integrate not only the body’s vital functions but also the physical, spiritual, psychological, and religious spheres of human life. The action of God, who often assumes the role of a physician in the Bible, is the model of such service. Healthcare serves to restore life to its full dynamism and individuals to the ability to live life to its full potential. It is also a service of the sanctity and Gospel of life, which guides healthcare professionals’ special relationship with the sick and the reality of suffering.

PL

Zmarły przed rokiem (w chwili przekazywania tego artykułu do druku mija niemal dokładnie pierwsza rocznica śmierci) Arcybiskup Zygmunt Zimowski, Przewodniczący Papieskiej Rady ds. Duszpasterstwa Chorych i Służby Zdrowia, włączonej już w struktury Rady ds. Rozwoju Integralnego Człowieka, z wielkim zaangażowaniem realizował zadanie prowadzenia i wspierania chorych i cierpiących oraz pracowników służby zdrowia w coraz bardziej złożonym świecie. Zależało księdzu arcybiskupowi, aby papieska dykasteria opiekowała się nie tylko pracownikami służby zdrowia, ale obejmowała swą troską chorych. Oni to bowiem mają prawo do takiej opieki lekarskiej, która może być określona jako służba życiu. Niniejszy artykuł ukazuje misję pracowników służby zdrowia, jako służbę życiu w jego różnorakich wymiarach. Jest to służba polegająca na przywracaniu życiu jego harmonii, zintegrowaniu funkcji życiowych organizmu oraz wzajemnej integracji różnych sfer życia człowieka: fizycznej, duchowej, psychicznej, religijnej. Modelem takiej służby jest styl działania samego Boga, który na kartach Pisma Świętego często występuje w roli lekarza. Służba zdrowia to także służba przywracania życiu jego dynamiki, żywotności pozwalającej żyć pełnią możliwości witalnych osoby. Jest to także służba świętości życia, a nawet służba Ewangelii życia, które wyznaczają pracownikom służby zdrowia określony kierunek relacji do osoby chorego i rzeczywistości cierpienia.

18

Quality system at the hotel

75%

Tyrańska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

|

2010

|

issue 2(16)

149-159

PL

Coraz więcej firm, w tym również działających na rynku usług turystycznych, dąży do uzyskania certyfikowanego systemu zarządzania jakością według norm ISO 9000. Prowadzone badania wykazują, iż firmy usługowe posiadające certyfikaty jakości uzyskują z tego tytułu wiele korzyści zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych. Wśród zewnętrznych korzyści firmy wskazują na: wykorzystanie posiadanego certyfikatu do celów marketingowych, możliwość przystąpienia do większej liczby przetargów i poprawę prestiżu firmy. Natomiast do korzyści wewnętrznych najczęściej firmy zaliczają: uporządkowanie struktury organizacyjnej w firmie oraz uporządkowanie procedur i technik pracy, co sprzyja ogólnej poprawie sprawności działania organizacji (Sikora, Bałaga, 2006, s. 130). Celem artykułu jest ukazanie roli, jaką pełni system zarządzania jakością w funkcjonowaniu firmy działającej na rynku usług turystycznych na przykładzie hotelu. Realizacja tak postawionego celu wymaga przedstawienia istoty oraz głównych cech usług, następnie podjęcia próby zdefiniowania jakości usługi hotelarskiej, wskazania obszarów doskonalenia jakości usług hotelarskich oraz zaprezentowania zasad funkcjonowania systemu jakością na przykładzie badanego hotelu.

EN

Increasingly many companies, including those operating on the market of tourist services, strive to obtain the certified quality management system according to ISO 9000 standards. The research being carried out shows that service companies with quality certificates receive a number of external and internal benefits by this virtue. External benefits of a company testify to: using its certificate for marketing purposes, a possibility of bidding for a bigger number of tenders and an increase in a company’s prestige. Internal benefits usually include: ordering the organisational structure in a company and also ordering work procedures and methods, which is in favour of the general improvement of an organisation’s functioning (Sikora, Bałaga, 2006, p. 130). The aim of the article is to present the role which the quality management system plays in the functioning of a company active on the market of tourist services, using an example of the Hotel. Achieving the aim set in this way requires presenting the essence and the main features of the services, followed by attempting to define the quality of a hotel service, pinpointing the areas for hotel service improvement as well as presenting the operational principles of the quality management system on the example of the Hotel being analysed.

19

Papal titles as a manifestation of the primatial power of the Bishop of Rome

75%

Żmudziński M. A.

Horyzonty Polityki

|

2019

|

vol. 10

|

issue 31

45-59

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The paper aims to determine in what manner official papal titles are an expression of supreme power in the Church. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The principal problem refers to the ecclesiological correlation between papal titles and primatial power, as well as the ongoing changes in the understanding of power within the Church, manifested by the departure from iurisdictio in favour of communio. Methods involve source text analysis (of the Holy Scripture and ecclesiastical documents), interpretation, and comparison. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: All names of the highest office in the Catholic Church are derived from the so-called primatial texts which describe St Peter the Apostle and his mission. Together with the practice of the first centuries of Christianity, they have provided a basis for establishing the dogmatic truth about the primacy of St Peter and his successors. The primacy involves supreme jurisdictional power in the Universal Church. In this context, the author proceeds to analyse current papal titles which expose the scope and the multifaceted nature of the power exercised by the Bishop of Rome. Furthermore, the author presents modifications in the official papal titles, which are simultaneously a reflection of ecclesiastical changes in the area. RESEARCH RESULTS: It has been established that some titles are an expression of real jurisdictional power (e.g. Bishop of Rome, Sovereign of the Vatican City State), while others carry historical and honorary importance (e.g. Primate of Italy) or manifest contemporary tendencies to highlight the religious character of the office (Servant of the Servants of God). CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A departure from the secular understanding of power in favour of a religious and ministerial direction encourages further, praxeological research, as the primatial practice of individual pontificates (gestures and symbols) precedes the official primatial doctrine.

20

Usługi świadczone na targowisku a opłata targowa

75%

dr hab. Wołowiec, prof. nadzw. WSEI T.

Jedziemy do wód w...

|

2016

|

issue 3

43-50

PL

Zasadniczy problem interpretacyjny dotyczy tego, czy sformułowanie „sprzedaż na targowiskach” oznacza tylko sprzedaż towarów, czy obejmuje także świadczenie usług, a jeśli tak to czy dotyczy wszystkich usług.

EN

The fundamental problem of interpretation concerns whether the term “sale at markets” means only the sale of goods or provision of services also includes, and if so whether it applies to all services.

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