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Society Register
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2018
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vol. 2
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issue 1
185-189
EN
Sport leisure and social justice is an important and essential book central to its theme. Editors present a collection of research analysis presented on a variety of different cases. Readers are introduced to a diversity of experiences of marginalized categories of people, theoretical approaches and contexts (e.g. physical education, musical events) that can be used in regards to inequality in this field.
EN
The paper reports some of the results obtained from a study conducted on the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) and the integration of international migrants. The DNA of the Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) distinguishes this kind of companies from other economic stakeholders, including those of the SSE. These devices, as hybrid companies, go beyond a pure economic rationale, enabling labor activation and social inclusion for disadvantaged groups, including vulnerable international migrants. Therefore, WISEs should be understood as valuable mechanisms for achieving optimal levels of personal empowerment and social and labor integration in their active use and enhancement of employees’ capacities and competencies. All of their activities has an impact on social justice in helping to construct a more inclusive growth and society and fosters the integration of labor international immigrants specially.
EN
The article presents the issues related to the new extraordinary appeal introduced in December 2017 in the form of an extraordinary complaint. The intention of this article is to present how the premises of this complaint are understood by the Supreme Court. The conditions for the admissibility of an extraordinary complaint are defined in an evaluative and vague manner, therefore the analysis of their perception by the Supreme Court will allow for the presentation of this special extraordinary measure, which occupies a special place in comparison with other existing extraordinary appeal measures.
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The aim of this article is to look from two angles on the ambiguous political and social The Family 500 Plus Programme. The programme will be analysed on the one hand as an opportunity for the realization of the principle of social justice and the real limitation of the poverty and social exclusion in Poland, which is partly due to the specific model and practice of socio-economic transformation in Poland after 1989. On the other hand, the redistributive nature of the program leads to question whether in the Polish social, cultural and economic realities can it be used to petrify the clientele relations between the ruling and large segments of society. The short duration of the programme and the lack of even one elections after it began make it impossible to draw far too many conclusions as to the risks posed by the introduction of the programme.
EN
The subject of social justice are groups or whole societies – also states, object of this justice are their mutual rights and common good. The process of economic and technological globalization means among other things: establishment of the world market, predominant role of international companies, centralization of leading elites’ decisions, financial disproportion between individual people and countries. In the teaching of contemporary popes (John XXIII’s, Paul VI’s, John Paul II’s) the idea of social justice has also international dimension and therefore process of economic globalization ought to respect two principles of the Church’s social teaching: the principle of the subsidiarity and the principle of solidarity. The principle of the subsidiarity demands to respect subjectivity of all nations and states as well as to aid their integral development. The principle of solidarity postulates creation of common good of world society, this good are: peace, economic prosperity, commerce profitable for all states, cooperation and financial help of rich countries for underdeveloped countries. The social justice in the international dimension is the expression and the imperative of solidarity of all nations and states.
EN
Justice (perfection) of a democratic law-abiding State expressed as an environment of social life: this is an issue, that very frequently is present upon the lips of jurists, politicians, political scientists, legislature members, but also: ethicists, bioethicists, moralists, theologians, and others. This subject has been also taken for reflection because of the fact, that we are living in such a system, and more: we must struggle with many problems, which make one ask: is the democratic system that is being constructed founded on sufficiently healthy foundations, so that it may be possible to say that we are all equal in relation to the law being passed and that its principles are just? So we have taken up here an ethical reflection on the subject of the philosophy of law and State (that is: philosophy of care for our life environment) predominant in the European Union, the directives of which, coming from different treaties and agreements, are being applied to our home legislature. The main axis, around which our reflections were developed, where the basic principles of the Christian concept of social justice. These are the basis for interpersonal and international dialogue. These principles are: «peace», «solidarity », «justice», «freedom », «truth» and «love». The main conclusion stemming from this article is: in the concept of State and law of today there is a lack of a permanent point of reference, and this point of reference should be the principle of social justice based on objective truth.
EN
This paper is based on the assumption that the high incomes of some professional sports athletes, such as players in professional leagues in the United States and Europe, pose an ethical problem of social justice. I deal with the questions of what should follow from this evaluation and in which ways those incomes should be regulated. I discuss three different options: a) the idea that the incomes of professional athletes should be limited, b) the idea that they should be vastly taxed by the state, and c) the idea that there is a moral obligation for the athletes to spend portions of their incomes on good causes. I will conclude that in today’s circumstances there are good reasons to advocate both option one (limitation) and option two (taxation), but that priority should be given to taxation.
EN
The paper looks at the concept of universal (unconditional) basic income. The poverty is one of those elements of social life that seems to be constant; various historical circumstances impacted its level, but it is hard to imagine a world without the poor. The evident shortcomings of current social services throughout the world led many academics to a favourable view of universal basic income system in which all citizens regularly receive a certain sum of money in addition to the income received from elsewhere. The author argues that since universal basic income is being considered as a replacement to the current means-tested welfare system the idea itself seems interesting.
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Základní potřeby jako důvody vedoucí k jednání

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EN
This article begins with the observation that most contemporary theories of justice pay no attention to the concept of need. And, as my main thesis, I shall argue that this is not correct. First of all (I) I shall explain the reasons for this theoretical deficit and I shall strictly distinguish (II) the concept of “need” from other concepts, such as “wish” and “drive”, which are routinely interpreted as its synonyms. Then (III) I shall offer a definition of need which is based on a complex conception of human personality. I shall introduce an enumeration of the various levels of the person by which various categories of need correspond with various objects. In the next step (IV) I shall tackle the question of whether in some regard it is necessary to treat needs as reasons for conduct. In this context I shall briefly present a historico-naturalistic account which aims to provide a grounding for judgements about questions of human needs. (V). Finally I shall deal with the social dimension of human needs and I will put forward reasons for the view that a theory of social justice should deal with the concept of need as its main theme (VI).
EN
The article poses a question about the condition of human rights protection in Poland twenty-five years after regaining independence, seen from the perspective of the Ombudsman and after over sixty thousand complaints filed by Polish citizens every year. The overall assessment is rather negative – despite numerous achievements of the first years after transformation, a certain ‘loosening of the legislative standards’ has recently been observed in the procedural, the systemic, and substantive-legal spheres, as illustrated with examples (e.g. the state compensation). This state of affairs is in contradiction to the constitutional rule and requires an immediate change; thus basic prerequisites for improvement of this condition have been identified. In the final section of the article much attention is paid to the analysis of inadequate realisation of the rule of social justice, safeguarded by the Ombudsman in the name of law. The article ends with a conclusion that it is necessary to free the notion of social justice from the historical burden and restore its first and foremost role in human rights protection. Last but not least, a need is indicated for a stronger control over the government and parliament regarding the quality of the applied law.
PL
Artykuł stawia pytanie o stan ochrony praw człowieka w Polsce 25 lat po odzyskaniu niepodległości z perspektywy Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich (RPO) i ponad 60 tys. skarg składanych rocznie przez obywateli. Odpowiedź jest krytyczna – mimo wielu osiągnięć pierwszych lat transformacji nastąpiło w ostatnich latach rozluźnienie kanonów legislacji w płaszczyźnie procesowej, ustrojowej i materialnoprawnej, co ukazano na przykładach (np. kompensaty państwowej). Stan ten, jako sprzeczny z zasadami konstytucyjnymi, wymaga pilnej zmiany; wskazano podstawowe przesłanki takiej poprawy. W końcowej części artykułu uwagę poświęcono analizie niewystarczającej realizacji zasady sprawiedliwości społecznej, na straży której ma stać z mocy prawa RPO. Konkluzją opracowania jest konieczność uwolnienia tego pojęcia od balastu historycznego i przywrócenia pierwszoplanowej roli w ochronie praw człowieka. Końcowym wnioskiem jest konieczność silniejszego nadzoru organów rządu i parlamentu nad jakością stosowanego prawa.
EN
The article deals with theoretical and methodological aspects of interaction between Ukraine and EU in the context of actual needs to transform legal consciousness. Epistemological potential of rational synthesis of Philosophy of History and philosophy of Law in the process of conceiving historical and cultural peculiarities of democratic reforms is accentuated here. A specific character of experience to apply logic and historical methods in comparative Jurisprudence and perspectives of its implementation in the course of studying historical processes are being analyzed. Peculiarities of inward connections and interactions of the ideas of priority of Law and social justice are also specified. Special attention is paid here to logical and ethical aspects of Law work, historical and methodological potencial of experience. Nowadays , when we observe livening up of interdisciplinary studies in the sphere of the Humanities with the accent on pluralization of theoretical and methodological basis of historical writing as well as growing interest to the questions of evolution of national historical grand narrative and the style of thinking, the importance of a given methodological segment is gradually increasing.
EN
Philosophical anthropology claims that every human being necessarily operates in specific communities. These communities must also be based on certain ethical principles. One of the principles forming this ethical foundation is the principle of social justice. The Polish Constitution of 1997 does not contain any legal definition of this principle and the doctrine has problems with defining it as well. In this connection, the Catholic Social Teaching, which combines the principle of social justice with human dignity, the common good, equality and solidarity, can be an important interpretative support.
EN
Marxism accepted the notion of social justice, but realized it through liquidation of private property and violence of the totalitarian state. Liberalism and neoliberalism, in the name of maximal economic liberalism, reject the idea of social justice and postulate a minimal state. Republicanism and communitarianism accept ideas of common good and social justice. The social teaching of the Church proposes a subsidiary state which is not a protective one. Contemporary popes – Pius XI (Quadragesimo anno), John XXIII (Mater et Magistra), Paul VI (Populorum progressio), John Paul II (Sollicitudo rei socialis, Centesimus annus) – postulate participation of the state in social justice. The main of its obligations are: protection and financial aid for key sectors of economic life (including agriculture), profamily policy, fighting against unemployment and providing fair salary, limited economic intervention (while respecting the rules of the free market economy at the same time), medical and social care.
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(Ne)spravedlnost v péči o děti mladší tří let

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EN
This article presents an analysis of the current (in)justice in childcare for children under three years of age in the Czech Republic by examining shifts in family and social policy after 1989. The paper compares three ways of redressing injustice: redistribution, recognition, and political representation in terms of domains of social injustice. Through the prism of Nancy Fraser’s three-dimensional theory, the article analyses forms of redress in the economic, cultural, and political spheres. This approach aims to reveal the complexity of inequalities in childcare for children under three years of age and highlight the positive and negative aspects of family and social policy in the Czech Republic. The second goal of the paper is to establish a path towards amending the legislation that could change the legislation on family care in the Czech Republic based on a revision of values and the ideological and normative framework within which childcare for children under the age of three is understood in the Czech Republic.
EN
This article addresses the problem of fighting poverty on the basis of the liberal political philosophy of Amartya Sen. The aim is to demonstrate that this program has gained its practical embodiment in the work of Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank he created. In this article I will reconstruct the main arguments of Sen’s political theory, in which the question of support is associated with the concept of social justice and based on the assumption of methodological individualism. This means that all programs and economic decisions that focus on the implementation of social welfare must be assessed from the perspective of individuals and must consider how they affect their lives. The criterion for determining a „good life” in the concept of Sen is not economic but political: it is the freedom of an individual realized in a society, including its scope and practical forms. Sen is an economist and political philosopher and Yunus is an economist-practitioner, but they both share a belief in the world development in increasing human freedom and poverty eradication, thanks to capabilities and creative activities of people. The political and economic institutions should then trigger the enterprise of individuals and enable them to extract themselves from poverty.
EN
The paper has three parts. The first part concerns the solidarity principle’s genesis. Its philosophical base is the personalistic anthropology, which speaks about prosocial nature of man and its active participation in the social life. The biblical-theological base of solidarity are: personal dignity of man comme God’s image, person and learning of Christ, community of the Church. The second part of paper discusses elements ontological-anthropological and biblical-ethical which are necessary in the realisation of solidarity’s principle. They are following: pluralism of equal persons and societies, its dialogue, co-production of common good by honest work, integral development economic and intelectual-cultural, equality, social justice and love, peace and reciprocal settlement. The thirt part of paper speaks about three circles of application of solidarity’s principle; namely: solidarity professional-working – defend of rihts of workers, solidarity general-social of nation and state – protection of economic and political human rihts, solidarity international of humanity – trend towards peace and prosperity.
EN
In the 1840’s due to Luigi Taparelli and Antonio Rosmini emerged the term of “social justice”. From this time, its meaning has developed in many ways. The paper brings up some applications of the notion. In the literature of the subject one can find numerous identities of “social justice”. The article focuses on the identity of this term with justice framed as: legal, distributive, commutative, penal, and restorative. Some of these concepts assumes and requires existence of some kind of social persons. By briefly analysing those notions the author tries to show the specificity of particular types of meanings assigned to the social justice.
EN
In this article I discuss the question: „What is mathematics really all about?” How mathematics is viewed is significant on many levels, especially in education and society. For many years, sociologists of mathematics education, have stressed that mathematics acts as a gatekeeper: mathematics more than any other subject, has been cast in the role as an ,,objective” judge. The main purpose of this article is to conjoin several sets of problems such as the mathematical underparticipation of women and ethnic minorities , the sense of cultural alienation from mathematics felt by many social groups, mathematics in the process of transmission of social and political values, its role in the unequal distribution of power and the social nature of mathematics as a discipline.
EN
The issue of gender education methodology applied at English Language Arts course in Canadian secondary schools has been presented in this paper. The aim of the study is to analyze the content, methods, forms and means of gender education pertinent to the course English Language Arts at Canadian high school. To achieve the goal of the research, theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, classification and study of English Language Arts programs and lesson plans in Canadian provinces and territories have been applied. Results of our research have demonstrated that the content of gender education during English Language Arts course is aimed at students knowing about the main gender concepts; social roles and achievements of women and men in the past and present in Canada and the world; gender stereotypes and their influence upon self-image, physical and mental health; problems of bullying, hatred and tolerance; women and men who are role models for the adolescents. Furthermore, the content of gender education is targeted at students’ internalization of such values as social justice, gender equity and equality, human dignity, empathy, respect, sensitivity towards diversity. Moreover, gender education is intended to teach youth to apply knowledge and critical thinking, cooperative, problem solving skills, etc. The methods of gender education at English Language Arts classes have been classified into four groups: 1) methods of personality’s gender consciousness development; 2) methods of students’ activity organization and stimulation directed at formation of positive social behavior experience and positive communication among both sexes; 3) methods of gender cognition, self cognition, and self regulation; 4) methods of control and self control of gender education efficacy. The forms of gender education used at the English Language Arts course are comprised of individual, mini-group and group work. The means of gender education constitute a broad spectrum: textbooks, literary, scientific texts, newspapers, magazines, songs, videos, films, television programmes, advertisements, websites, photo exhibitions, documents at World, Canadian, and regional levels, personal experience, team. Thus, the course English Language Arts is characterized by rich potential for gender education due to its content and possibility to use versatile methods, forms and means. Among the perspectives of further research, we define the study of gender education at such courses as Social Studies, History, Family Studies etc. at Canadian high school.
Communication Today
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2020
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vol. 11
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issue 2
36 - 44
EN
The main objective of the present study is to reflect on the problem of social justice and the ways it is portrayed in Joker (2019, directed by Todd Phillips). A discourse analysis is used in order to identify the particular elements of social injustice and social unrest within the movie in question. Social injustices which were deeply felt within the atmosphere of the movie and the social explosion which followed social injustices instigated a social movement. Contrary to the general belief, the social movement was identified with tyranny. By designating the social movements as illegal, the movie established a type of identification which would attribute legitimacy to homicides. Being just and having equal opportunities in the distribution of societal resources come to the forefront. This ‘web’ of relations signifies the position of the individual and society vis-à-vis the state, and assures that the individual enters into the public sphere. Along with the disparity and the lack of resources in terms of equal opportunities, an individual’s attitude follows a positive or negative path in the public sphere. In the movie Joker, a world in which the concept of social justice had fallen apart was pictured. By establishing identification with Joker’s psychological disorders, the social movement which was experienced hereby was presented as a tyranny to the moviegoers. In this study, together with the analysis of the movie, the concepts of “social justice” and “social movement” will be discussed.
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