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EN
The article describes the issues related to the socio-political mentality of young citizens of Kyrgyzstan, factors that drive change, and the role of education in the ongoing processes. Described as an illustration of the state and the process was used empirical material collected during research conducted in Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University.
EN
Based on empiric investigations and the study of documents from specialized public institutions, the authors analyse in this article the extent, manifestations, causes and consequences of single-parent families in Arad County. As social entities with a high risk of social exclusion, the authors identify practical measures for intervention by public authorities in the sense of optimizing socialization, social work and balancing these families, especially their children, by taking into account both Romanian and European legislation in this field. Preventing the reproduction/increase in the number of single-parent families must rely on the complete knowledge of this social phenomenon, with the need to establish databases and map the dispersion of single-parent families within administrative-territorial units. The decrease in the number of families with a high social risk over time is the result of correlated and harmonized public policies, aimed at fighting poverty, discrimination, unemployment, lack of access to education, while ensuring the general background for economic development and prosperity. The study is determined by the fact that many times the parents and the children of single parent families find themselves in the situation of not being able to make ends meet, the lack of finances, education and proper housing making it impossible for them to live a decent life. By identifying, through specific scientific methods such as document analysis, interviews, case studies, the particular types of problems facing single parent families, we consider we will succeed in offering a strong basis to motivate decision makers to establish additional social protection measures that will contribute to the reduction of the causes that maintain this social category among vulnerable groups.
EN
This article is an attempt to look at the possibility of applying a unique method of social work, called the Kofoed’s School Method, to adults education pursued by non-governmental organizations. The use of the method of vocational activation, developed in the Copenhagen social institution – Kofoed’s School, requires a look at the specificsof the method and its theoretical genesis. The Kofoed’s School focuses mainly on the social integration of the unemployed with the local community, although it is also a place of adult learning.The theoretical foundations of this method have been shown through Danish social pedagogy and its implications for adult education. The proposed adaptation of the Kofoed’s School Method refers to the educational practice towards adults in non-governmental organizations. In addition, the article outlines previous experience in the implementation of the Kofoed’s School Method in non-governmental organizations in Europe, as well as the opportunities that this method brings to adults education.
EN
The article is an attempt to present the thesis that social employment may constitute an appropriate instrument to counteract social exclusion. Employment is an element of social stimulus to action, promote social and occupational mobility. These activities are part of the active social policy based on stimulating the action that aims at maximizing human resources. Activity on the ground of welfare service is a very desirable form of assistance. Assistance can’t be equated with the replacement of potential of the individual units. These activities are aimed at interruption of the period of occupation inactivity and creating a conditions leading to sustainable employment.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problemy marginalizacji i wykluczenia w kontekście ich trwałości w rzeczywistości społecznej w Polsce. Opracowanie wskazuje na płynne rozumienie tych kategorii pojęciowych, wykorzystywanie ich w debacie i wiązanie z różnorodnymi problemami społecznymi. Skutkuje to zgodą na ich nadmierną inkluzyjność. Swobodne interpretacje znaczeń marginalizacji i wykluczenia, jakie od lat mają miejsce w debatach naukowych i pozanaukowych, utrudniają jednoznaczne definiowanie tych kategorii. Artykuł odnosi się do nowych aspektów marginalizacji i wykluczenia przejawiających się np. w aspekcie gettoizacji, która w Polsce jest możliwa dzięki dążeniu do różnicowania przestrzeni, jej waloryzowania i segregowania dla poszczególnych kategorii społecznych. Istotnym aspektem artykułu jest wskazanie na banalizację wykluczenia i marginalizacji, które można dostrzec w kreowanych stylach zachowań (np. freeganie), karykaturalnie odzwierciedlających sposób funkcjonowania przypisywany dotąd skrajnie ubogim. Wa żnym wątkiem podjętym w artykule jest skupienie się na wyzwaniach realnej inkluzji społecznej, która w Polsce jest przedmiotem zainteresowania wielu instytucji pomocy społecznej.
EN
The article addresses the issue of persistence of marginalization and exclusion in Polish social reality. The study discusses vague and flexible understanding of these two categories in a public debate and connecting them with various social problems. This results with all-embracing notions of marginalisation and inclusion. Casual interpretations of meanings of marginalization and exclusion, which have been occurring for years in scientific and non-scientific debates impede forming a clear-cut definition of these categories. The article points to new manifestations of marginalization and exclusion, present for example in ghettoization. The goal of the article is to discuss the trivialization of the notions of exclusion and marginalization. This can be seen in such lifestyles as freeganism which resemble coping strategy used by people living in absolute with poverty. Against this backdrop the article presents the challenges of social inclusion and social assistance.
EN
Main issue of the article are local cooperation networks between institutions, which work on reintegration people, who are at risk of social marginalization. The author is interested in answer for efficient idea to create local, social-professional reintegration networks and can subjects of social employment (Centers and Clubs of Social Integration) play the role of local institutional leaders, around which these support networks are creating. Basically conclusion is that Centers and Clubs of Social Integration can play the role of leaders, who creates networks, but process of their establishment and working depends on many characteristic elements for local communities – favor of local power, subject’s social employment potential and relationship with other subjects of local social policy
PL
Głównym tematem artykułu są lokalne sieci współpracy między instytucjami działającymi na rzecz reintegracji osób zagrożonych marginalizacją społeczną. Autora interesuje odpowiedź na pytanie o skuteczny sposób tworzenia lokalnych sieci reintegracji społeczno-zawodowej oraz czy podmioty zatrudnienia socjalnego (centra i kluby integracji społecznej) mogą pełnić funkcję lokalnych liderów instytucjonalnych, wokół których takie sieci wsparcia powstają. Podstawowa konkluzja jest taka, że centra i kluby integracji społecznej mogą pełnić rolę liderów inicjujących powstawanie sieci, ale ich powstanie i funkcjonowanie zależy też od wielu czynników charakterystycznych dla lokalnych wspólnot – przychylności lokalnych władz, potencjału podmiotów zatrudnienia socjalnego, relacji z innymi podmiotami lokalnej polityki społeczne.
EN
This paper acts as a presentation of 2006 research carried out on 1525 individuals (1383 male and 142 female) residing in 39 homeless shelters scattered around 13 provinces of the Republic of Poland. The main reason of homelessness turned out to be unemployment (571 individuals i.e. 37,44% of the whole). It was characteristic that 68,3% of women and 82,0% of men above the age of 40 were not only homeless but also unemployed. In fact, it was proved that the elderly, who had been made redundant in the past, found it more difficult to find a proper job. The research also showed that the unemployment and homelessness act as factors restraining people from getting married and setting up families (34,69%) as well as the reason for marital failure.
PL
Celem artykułu jest opis i analiza Kęszycy Leśnej – miejscowości powstałej w 1994 roku na terenie byłej radzieckiej bazy wojskowej – jako przykładu dwojakiego rodzaju enklawy, pożądanej i niepożądanej społecznie oraz pokazanie, jak możliwe jest zmienianie charakteru enklawowości miejsca, a także tworzenie w nim „nowego” w miejsce „starego”. W tekście scharakteryzowano proces powstawania wsi i budowania zbiorowości lokalnej, na której ciążyły zarówno historia tego miejsca, jak i współczesne działania władz nadające jej charakter enklawy marginalizacji i izolacji społecznej. Ostatnie lata przyniosły odwrócenie tendencji wykluczania tej społeczności za sprawą aktywności miejscowego proboszcza, który swoimi animacyjnymi działaniami spowodował włączanie się mieszkańców w życie wsi i stopniowe konstruowanie enklawy pozytywnej, dającej poczucie przynależności, sensu i bezpieczeństwa mieszkańcom. Artykuł jest próbą opisu mechanizmu tworzenia się nowego typu enklawy na starym „pniu” historyczno-strukturalnym.
EN
The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse Kęszyca Leśna – the village founded in 1994 in the former Soviet military base as an example of two types of enclaves, socially desirable and undesirable, showing how it is possible to change the enclave as well as to create there the „new” in place of the „old”. The processes of creating the village and building a local community in the place where both history and modern authorities left their stigma, which marginalized and socially isolated the enclave, are described in the text. Recent years have seen a reversal of the trend of exclusion of the community due to the activity of the local parish priest, who by his actions and animations caused involvement of the residents in the village life and gradual formation of a positive enclave, which gives its residents the sense of belonging, safety and meaning. This article is an attempt to describe the mechanism of giving birth to a new type of enclave on the old historical and structural „trunk”.
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EN
The phenomenon of unemployment – and repeated unemployment in particular – is current-ly the most important social problem affecting hundreds of millions of people around the world and millions in Poland. It threatens different social and age groups, in particular young people, women and those with the lowest level of education. Repeated unemployment is evil because it pushes workers to the margins of society, causing progressive poverty, destitution, increasing stress, and social and moral degradation. It causes conflicts within family life, contributes to the breakdown of marital ties and negatively affects relationships between family members.
EN
The article presents the post-war history of Evangelical population: Germans and Masurians in Ełk county.  For this purpose, archival sources and biographical interviews were used. Interviews with the inhabitants of the county were collected as part of two oral history projects carried out by the "Museum for Ełk" Association in 2013-2015.The historical context is complemented by the available literature. One third of post-war Poland consisted of the territories being the part the Third Reich before the World War II, where a considerable part of population were Germans. Masurians formed a borderland group that became the reason of conflict between the Polish and the German. In the first half of the 20th century, both as a result of the nationalistic discourse and the assimilation pressure, most of them declared to maintain German identity. After the war, Masurians were present  in the public space of Ełk county as a minority group. There was the inflow of  population of the eastern territories of the Second Republic of Poland and people from central Poland. The small Evangelical church in Ełk in Słowackiego street was often filled with the faithful.  Numerous processes and phenomena of  social marginalization, exclusion and displacements resulted in nearly entire disintegration of Masurian and Evangelical community.  The number of the faithful in Evangelical community proves it- there are nearly 150 people and only few of them feel Masurian origin. In the post-war vision of future Poland nationally and religiously homogenous state was believed to be an ideal solution.
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