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Předškolní vzdělávání a školní zralost dětí ze sociálně znevýhodněného prostředí

100%
Cakirpaloglu P., Kořínek R.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2014
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vol. 5
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issue Supplement
3-16
EN
The adaptability of children to the school environment and their potential to succeed there is closely linked to the development of their cognitive and social skills. These are primarily linked to personal factors -physical maturity as well as mental or emotional maturity and the environment in which those children grow up. This fact is evident in children growing up in disadvantageous socio-economic conditions. In general the school readiness of children from socially-disadvantaged backgrounds is affected by the specific environment, the primary family and a number of other factors. A significant support of psychosocial development and successful adaptability at the start of the compulsory education is the preschool education, especially for children growing up in disadvantageous socio-economic conditions. The presented study focused on the effect of pre-school education on school readiness in first grade children. 24 children from socially disadvantaged environment were tested twice - for first time shortly after the beginning of their first grade and for the second time before the end of the first grade. The children were then divided into two groups - those who attended pre-school education and those who started school without any pre-school education programme. The attendance thus made the independent variable in the research design. There were three research questions - what is the impact of pre-school education on: Q1: general cognitive functioning (tested using the Intelligence Image Scale), Q2: on the ability to acquire the reading skills (tested using the Reversal test by Edfeldt) and Q3 on the social maturity of the children (tested using the Vineland scale of adaptive behaviour) The results of the study suggest that pre-school education has significant effect on social skills and this effect increases during the first year. The reading skills were better in children who attended the pre-school education however this impact decreases over time. There was no statistically significant difference between cognitive functioning in both groups of children. No negative effects of pre-school education were identified. The results are in partial contradiction to other research and literature - specifically the outcome in cognitive functioning was unexpected. This can be attributed to limited number of participants. However we suppose that the results support the importance of pre-school education. Its impact could be further studied using longitudinal studies as well as focusing in more detail on the individual aspects of social exclusion and its effects on school readiness.
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Tvorivosť a jej možnosti využitia u rómskych žiakov

58%
Krajčíriková Ľ.
Student niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy
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2019
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issue 19(12)
185-195
EN
Personal and social development of Roma pupils with special educational needs inprimary schools should be linked to cross-cutting themes of teaching programs in all educationalareas involved in the development of key competencies of pupils. In doing so, communicationanalysis as an integral part of the socialization process of human beings shouldbe taken into account, together with the impact of socially disadvantaged Roma people onthe personality of the child, and together with other factors that adversely affect the personal,social and moral development of Roma pupils with special educational needs. One of thebasic and most efficient solution to the needs of Roma pupils is increasing use of didacticgames in their education, as means for achieving educational objectives. Games are consideredappropriate if they are interesting, motivating and undemanding for students. Theyconstitute an effective method of teaching. An unmotivated student is not interested inlearning new things. This is of course reflected in the poor results of his/her work and, consequently,in the inappropriate behaviour.
PL
K zásadným a veľmi výrazným problémom s ktorými sa humánne orientovaná spoločnosť musí zaoberať, patrí problém spolužitia s rómskym obyvateľstvom. Tento problém je zložitý, treba ho riešiť koncepčne a kom-plexne a to najmä v oblasti výchovy a vzdelávania. Skvalitnenie výchovy a vzdelávania rómskych detí a žiakov zo sociálne znevýhodneného prostredia je základným predpokladom úspešnej integrácie tejto minority.
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