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EN
This article presents a discussion on the results of the research on the staccato phonation conducted as part of the pilot study intended to establish phonation time norms in Polish-speaking adults. The analysed data were excerpted from a selected group of 12 women. Statistical analyses served the purpose of identifying potential differences between the results of tasks concerning the staccato phonation of selected Polish sounds, the staccato phonation and the legato phonation, and determining the correlation between staccato and other language tasks. The interpretation of the results of the research as proposed in the text refers to the observations regarding the task performance method, e.g. differences in the duration of pauses in the language tasks compared to the staccato phonation tasks, diversities related to the sound realisation time and method in the language tasks and in the staccato phonation task.
EN
The purpose of this study is to present a diagnostic tool to assess the nonverbal pragmatic behaviors of people with Asperger syndrome, with the intent to give an account of the severity of symptoms in the area of nonverbal interaction, as well as providing a profile of nonverbal behaviors that may be targeted for intervention. Through this communication profile, overall nonverbal ability is calculated in a group of 20 subjects with Asperger syndrome. The proposed scale also includes the measurement of the following nonverbal dimensions: (1) eye gaze, (2) facial expression, (3) body language and posture, (4) proxemics, (5) gestures, and (6) paralanguage. The results of this assessment suggest low nonverbal pragmatic ability in these subjects, show specific deficits in nonverbal communication, and capture variability in nonverbal behavior in individuals with AS.
Logopedia
|
2020
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vol. 49
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issue 2
233-248
PL
Praktyka oparta na dowodach (ang. evidence-based practice – EBP) winna ze sobą łączyć: kompetencje kliniczne, dane z badań naukowych oraz preferencje osoby obejmowanej terapią. W toku postępowania terapeutycznego, po wnikliwym zbadaniu pacjenta, uwzględnia ona następujące kroki, nazwane w artykule formułą „5Z”: zadać pytanie kliniczne, zdobyć dowody naukowe, zaopiniować zgromadzone dowody, zastosować wnioski do terapii i zweryfikować wdrożoną na podstawie dowodów strategię. Celem artykułu jest opisanie idei praktyki opartej na dowodach naukowych w logopedii oraz jej mocnych i słabych stron w konfrontacji z rzeczywistością. Przedstawiono znaczenie kluczowych elementów, na które składa się charakteryzowany paradygmat, hierarchię dowodów naukowych, źródła wyników wiarygodnych badań istotnych dla logopedii, jak również etapy postępowania logopedycznego według kryteriów EBP. Zgromadzone wnioski do działań praktyków i badaczy mogą stanowić przyczynek do rozwijania praktyki opartej na dowodach w polskiej logopedii.
EN
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is supposed to integrate: Clinical Expertise, External Clinical Evidence and Patient Preferences. In the process of speech-language therapy after precise clinical assessment it refers to following steps, named in literature ‘5A’ formula: ask clinical question, acquire evidences, appraise the evidences, apply the strategy based on gathered evidenced, assess results from the incorporated strategy. The aim of the article is to describe the idea of evidence-based practice in speech-language pathology and its strengths and weaknesses in confrontation with reality. There have been essential elements of EBP presented, as well as hierarchy of evidence, sources of evidence-based publications which are important for speech-language pathology, and speechlanguage therapy steps according to EBP criteria. Conclusions for clinicians and researchers may contribute to development of evidence-based practice in Polish speech-language pathology.
EN
The study of pragmatic disorders is of interest to speech-language pathologists who have a professional responsibility to assess and treat communication impairments. However, these disorders, it will be argued in this paper, have a significance beyond the clinical management of clients with communication impairments. Specifically, pragmatic disorders can now make a contribution to the diagnosis of a range of clinical conditions in which communication is adversely affected. These conditions include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the autistic spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and the dementias. Pragmatic disorders are already among the criteria used to diagnose some of these conditions (e.g. ADHD), although they are not described in these terms. In other conditions (e.g. the dementias), pragmatic disorders have potential diagnostic value in the absence of reliable biomarkers of these conditions and similar initial presenting symptoms. Using clinical data, and the findings of empirical studies, the case is made for the inclusion and/or greater integration of pragmatic disorders in the formal classificatory systems that are used to diagnose a range of disorders. A previously unrecognised role for pragmatic impairments in the nosology and diagnosis of clinical disorders is thereby established.
EN
Problem-based Learning (PBL) has had a significant impact on tertiary education programs around the world in recent years, including programs in speech-language pathology. In Poland, the change from traditional teaching forms, such as lectures and classes, to problem-based tutorials has been a noticeable trend. There is a scarcity of research devoted to PBL adaptations in Poland, including research on student reception of this approach to education. The present study describes the experiences and emotions accompanying a purposive sample of six participants, firstyear students of Master’s speech therapy studies at Jagiellonian University, at the time of enrolling in the PBL program, during their studies and when they consider their future work as speech therapists. The phenomenological analysis of in-depth interview data has made it possible to identify several lead and peripheral themes which can become the basis of actions aimed at improving student response to problem-based learning in speech pathology education.
PL
Nauczanie problemowe (ang. Problem-based Learning) wywarło w ostatnich latach duży wpływ na światową dydaktykę akademicką, w tym na dydaktykę logopedyczną. W Polsce zauważalnym trendem w kształceniu uniwersyteckim staje się przechodzenie od form tradycyjnych, czyli wykładów i ćwiczeń, do metody problemowej. Wciąż brakuje jednak badań adaptacji metody problemowej w warunkach polskich, w tym badań dotyczących odbioru takiej formy kształcenia przez studentów. W artykule przedstawiono badania jakościowe dotyczące przeżyć i emocji, jakie towarzyszyły sześciorgu studentom (próba celowa) pierwszego roku magisterskich studiów logopedycznych na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim podczas wyboru studióww formacie metody problemowej, studiowania oraz planowania pracy w zawodzie logopedy. Fenomenologiczna analiza wywiadów pogłębionych pozwoliła wyłonić tematy wiodące i peryferyjne, które mogą stać się podstawą działań zmierzających do poprawy odbioru nauczania problemowego przez studentów logopedii.
EN
The aim of this paper is to describe the most relevant aspects of a competency-based curriculum in communication sciences and disorders education. Competences to be developed are associated to cognitive, technical, relational, affective, integrative and contextual dimensions. The new curriculum has duration of five years with 49% of the work-load assigned to supervised practice. This way, expected learning outcomes by the end of the first year involve the students knowing what they learned about the basic sciences of the area. By the end of the second year, the students should know what they learned about specific areas of the field. By the end of the third year, the students should know how to use what they learned. At the end of the fourth year, the students should be able to demonstrate how to use what they learned. Finally, at the end of the program, the students should perform professional activities with expertise, ethics and critical thinking. To sum up, the new curriculum proposed provides the student with general and specific knowledge about communication sciences and disorders and different scenarios of supervised practice. Its main objective is to develop the adequate competencies to professional practice.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie najbardziej istotnych aspektów nauczania opartego o wymogi kompetencyjne w naukach o ludzkiej komunikacji i edukacji specjalnej. Opracowano wymogi kompetencyjne w związku z uwarunkowaniami poznawczymi, technicznymi, relacyjnymi, emocjonalnymi i integracyjnymi pracy logopedy. Nowy program przewiduje okres 5 lat studiów z 49-procentowym udziałem nadzorowanej praktyki. W ten sposób, już przed końcem I roku studiów, studenci zaangażowani w pracę zdobywają wiedzę o podstawowych naukach wykorzystywanych na polu logopedii. Pod koniec II roku studenci powinni mieć bardziej szczegółową wiedzę o konkretnych obszarach tej dyscypliny. Pod koniec III roku powinni wiedzieć, jak wykorzystać to, czego się nauczyli. Pod koniec IV roku powinni być w stanie wykazać, jak korzystać z tego, co się nauczyli. Wreszcie, pod koniec programu, uczniowie powinni wykonywać czynności zawodowe z doświadczeniem, etyką i wykorzystaniem krytycznego myślenia. W podsumowaniu należy stwierdzić, że nowy program nauczania proponuje dostarczenie studentowi ogólnej i szczegółowej wiedzy na temat nauk o komunikacji i jej zaburzeniach oraz różnych rodzajach nadzorowanej praktyki. Jego głównym celem jest rozwijanie odpowiednich umiejętności, koniecznych do wykonywania praktyki zawodowej.
PL
This article presents a review of the research conducted to date into the coexistence of malocclusions and phonation disorders, as well as the results of research conducted by the authors of the article. It is an attempt at providing answers to the following questions: are phonation disorders related to specific malocclusions, what specific phonation disorders accompany specific occlusal problems, does a single problem condition another occlusal problem? Detailed study of this subject will provide a concise compilation of knowledge for experts in many areas, including speech-language pathology, orthodontics, paediatrics, otolaryngology and phoniatrics. The article presents a specific approach to occlusion, namely from the speech-language pathology point of view. The authors have associated phonation disorders with specific malocclusions. Numerous clinical trials are necessary to investigate this phenomenon, to research the above mentioned dependence and identifying the relations between malocclusions and phonation disorders. The article presents the results of the research carried out by the authors together with results of surveys undertaken by professionals dealing with the impact of malocclusions on phonation disorders over the years.
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