Search results

1

Comparison of stability of algorithms in classical and ensemble approach in taxonomy

100%

Rozmus D., Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach; Wydział Zarządzania; Katedra Statystyki

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2011

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vol. 255

PL

Podejście wielomodelowe dotychczas z dużym powodzeniem stosowane było w dyskryminacji w celu podniesienia dokładności klasyfikacji. W ostatnich latach analogiczne propozycje pojawiły się w taksonomii, aby zapewnić większą poprawność i stabilność wyników grupowania Liczne badania wykazały, że agregacja różniących się między sobą wyników wielokrotnego grupowania, pozwala na poprawę dokładności klasyfikacji. Stabilność algorytmu taksonomicznego w odniesieniu do niewielkich zmian w zbiorze danych, czy też parametrów algorytmu jest pożądaną cechą algorytmu. Z drugiej jednak strony, podejście wielomodelowe czerpie korzyści ze zróżnicowanych klasyfikacji składowych, których połączenie przynosi bardziej dokładne i stabilne rozwiązanie niż pojedynczy algorytm. Głównym punktem zainteresowania tego badania była stabilność w podejściu zagregowanym w taksonomii. Przeprowadzone badania empiryczne pokazały, że podejście zagregowane daje bardziej stabilne rezultaty niż pojedyncze algorytmy taksonomiczne oraz, że często wyższa stabilność idzie w parze z wyższą dokładnością klasyfikacji w podejściu zagregowanym.

2

The essence of the Bank Guarantee Fund’s activity and related dilemmas in the context of banking system stability

100%

Czechowska I. D.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 5

121-130

EN

The deposit guarantee system in Poland was devised at the time of the economic transformation. Its creation resulted from a difficult situation in the banking sector, and so it was meant to be an antidote to clients’ problems associated with the insolvency of collapsing banks and with adjusting to European community law. The aim of this work is to present the Bank Guarantee Fund-an institution that is part of the financial safety net, whose main task is to protect the interest of depositors and to ensure the banking system’s stability. The paper looks at some aspects of the growing interest in bank deposit insurance schemes and lively discussions on the subject during a crisis in banking markets. In response to the crisis that started in the subprime lending market in the USA and spread to other segments of the financial markets as well as to other countries, the ECOFIN made a decision to increase the existing guarantee limits for individual persons and to speed up the payout of guaranteed funds. The above changes were aimed at strengthening the security of clients and increasing confidence in the banking sector.

3

Istota i dylematy funkcjonowania Bankowego Funduszu Gwarancyjnego w kontekście stabilności systemu bankowego

100%

Czechowska I. D.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2012

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vol. 15

251-259

EN

System guarantying deposits in Poland was created during the economy transformation. Its founding was resulted from a tough situation in the bank sector, that is why it was supposed to be an antidotum to clients' problems connected with solvency of the collapsing banks and also with adjusting to the European community law. The aim of this work is to present The Bank Guarantee Fund, an institution belonging to a network of financial security, which main task is to protect the deponent’s interests and to secure the banking system's stability. The work concerns some aspects of the growing interest in insurance systems for banks deposits and revived discussions on this subject during crisis on bank markets. In reply on the crisis, which was started on credit market subprime in USA and then spread on other segments of financial markets in other countries, the ECOFIN took a decision for increasing the obligatory guarantee limits for individual persons and also for accelerating the payment of guaranteed means. The aim of above changes is to increase surety of clients and trust to bank sector.

4

Stability of hospital rankings

100%

SIELSKA A.

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2020

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vol. 30

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issue 4

95-112

EN

Many hospital rankings are based on algorithms and weights elicited by experts. The paper attempts to build rankings of Polish district hospitals using the TOPSIS method and to examine the sensitivity of the results to the changes in weights. We considered 11 large and 34 medium-sized hospitals. The criteria set consists of man-days total, profit/loss on sales, contract with the National Health Fund, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Because of this, rankings consider different spheres in which hospitals perform, including the financial aspect and their main goal, i.e., treating patients. The results show that despite the overall high similarity of rankings, the benchmarking based on rankings should be done with care as the positions of some individual hospitals changed to a great degree.

5

Stability and economic freedom in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Quantitative analysis

100%

Karateev A.

Eastern Review

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2019

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vol. 8

149-159

EN

Exploring the stability of states and political systems is of interest to scientists and politicians all around the world. One of the most important questions in this field is the question of the relationship between stability and freedom. This paper considers the relationship between economic freedom and stability with regards to the example of countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The study uses quantitative analysis and the operationalisation of economic freedom through the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF); furthermore, stability is studied through the Fragile States Index (FSI), and the Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism Index (PSI). The analysis reveals a strong correlation between economic freedom and stability. According to linear regression models obtained by the author, economic freedom has a strong impact on stability. Models show that most of the components of IEF increase stability, whilst some components decrease it. This means that the same factors affect economic freedom and stability in different ways. In particular, taxes have a very positive effect on stability. At the same it is obvious that taxes reduce economic freedom. This fact allows us to resolve the existing contradictions among politicians and scientists, who differently assess the impact of economic freedom on stability. It may be stated that whilst economic freedom has in general a strong positive effect on stability, it can also have a negative effect.

6

Stabilność finansowa

100%

Zygierewicz M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2013

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vol. 47

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issue 3

EN

The subject of this article is the actual review of definition of financial stability. After last crisis on financial market we observe that the progress made in area of adoption of single definition. We observe such principal differences as defining financial stability and financial instability. The majority of definition takes into account the broad definition of stability, including institutions, markets, infrastructure, sometimes also the institution from real economy. Particularly interesting is the discussion concerning the relation between stability and financial assets bubble and ability of financial sector to mitigate internal or external shocks in order to achieve financial stability. These definitions have however only limited usefulness in practice for current activity of public bodies which are responsible for monitoring and maintaining financial stability.

PL

Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim

7

Kapsułkowanie – metoda stabilizacji witaminy A w technologii wzbogacania żywności

100%

Tataruch K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2013

|

issue 906

87-99

EN

The technology of food product fortification through the addition of bioactive ingredients such as vitamins requires the development of innovative methods, due to the high sensitivity of vitamins to the chemical and physical conditions present during the food production process. The adverse effect of temperature, high pressure or oxidising agents may reduce biological activity and can chemically degrade the bioactive components. One challenge in food fortification technology is developing the appropriate formulations of fat-soluble vitamin A. The search for new carriers of vitamin A is extremely important because of its limited stability, insolubility in water and toxicity in excessive amounts. This study characterises the properties and role of vitamin A as a bioactive additive in food fortification technology. It focuses particularly on potential methods for stabilising retinol in order to enhance its functional properties.

8

The anxiety-proficiency relationship and the stability of anxiety: The case of Chinese university learners of English and Japanese.

100%

Jin Y., de Bot K., Keijzer M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2015

|

vol. 5

|

issue 1

41-63

EN

Adopting a longitudinal design, this study investigates the effects of foreign language anxiety on foreign language proficiency over time within English and Japanese learning contexts. It also explores the stability of anxiety in English and Japanese over time and the stability of anxiety across English and Japanese. Chinese university students (N=146), who were simultaneously learning Japanese and English, participated in this study. Data were collected twice over a 2-month interval, using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, the English Proficiency Scale, and the Japanese Proficiency Scale. Results showed that anxiety changes had a significantly negative, but weak, correlation with the development of overall proficiency and the proficiency in sub- skills such as reading or speaking, for both English and Japanese, suggesting the interference of anxiety with proficiency levels. Anxiety in Japanese tended to decrease significantly over time, but no significant change was found for English. Furthermore, no significant difference between anxiety in Japanese and English was found at either testing time.

9

THE STABILITY OF TAX REVENUE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN YEARS 2005-2014

100%

Żabka A., Hoza B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2016

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issue 3

138-159

EN

Implementation of tasks assigned to local governments requires assigning them to sources of funding to finance expenses associated with their performing. Revenues generated from assigned to local government sources, in accordance with the tax rules, should be efficient and stable. The aim of the study, which was summed up in this paper, was therefore to analyse the stability of the own revenues of local government units. The study was conducted using methods of statistical analysis of indicators of tax revenues per capita of municipalities, counties and voivodeships.

10

The Analysis of the Stability of the Communication Support Stabilized by Gabion Wall with Variable Configuration

100%

Zamiar Z., Surowiecki A., Saska P., Balawejder A.

Logistics and Transport

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2019

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vol. 42

109-116

EN

The subject of the article concerns the stabilization of communication earthworks using the so-called lightweight retaining structures. The stability of the embankment with the embankment built with the gabion wall is analysed, assuming a uniformly distributed load on the crown and a case of unilateral water pressure in the event of a flood. Final results of stability calculations made with the Fellenius and Bishop method in the form of slip surface with the smallest value of the coefficient were presented. Then, assuming the case of damming up of flood water, discretization of the filtration area, velocity distribution and hydrodynamic grating and slip surfaces were developed. The variable parameter is the wall configuration.

11

The market as the Minority Game and the statistical physics

100%

Bolonek K., University of Łódź D. o. T. P. I.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2008

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vol. 216

EN

The simplest version of minority game is introduced. It is shown how the minority game can result from the behaviour of individuals. The stability analysis of stationary state is briefly discussed. The modification of the game is described which leads to Nash equilibra as stationary states.

PL

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrastające zainteresowanie zastosowaniami metod fizyki statystycznej w matematycznej teorii rynków finansowych. Okazuje się, że takie idee i metody mechaniki statystycznej, jak równania stochastyczne, rozkłady Gibbsa, przejścia fazowe czy teoria fluktuacji znakomicie nadają się do opisu zjawisk cechujących rynki finansowe. W referacie podaję zwięzłą dyskusję analizy metodami fizyki matematycznej prostego modelu giełdy - gry mniejszościowej, zdefiniowanej jako gra, w której w każdym kroku zyskuje gracz, który podejmuje decyzję taką jak mniejszość graczy. Okazuje się, że standardowe metody fizyki (funkcja Ljapunowa, równanie Langevina, teoria fluktuacji) pozwalają dokładnie opisać stany stacjonarne gry łącznie z takimi własnościami, jak jednoznaczność, minimalizacja przewidywalności, duże fluktuacje w fazie symetrycznej itp.

12

Is the state necessary? The case of Somali Economy

88%

Szafruga P.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2016

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issue 42

403-419

EN

The state is often considered a necessary condition for the existence of social order and economic development. However, except for the group of developed countries, most states are incapable of providing services which are commonly attributed to them. In this paper an approach, according to which the state is the best possible form of political organisation, is confronted with the case of stateless Somalia. Without government since 1991 this country provides an opportunity to investigate the emergence of institutions and supply of public goods in a stateless society. Using the comparative institutional approach the situation in Somalia is compared with the period before the collapse of the state as well as with the situation in other countries of the Horn of Africa region, showing a relative economic improvement after 1991. Considering economic development as an essential indicator describing the stability of social institutions, this corroborates the argument according to which a hierarchical form of political organisation not only may destabilise social order, but also that anarchy can be more successful than the state in providing stabilisation and economic development.

13

Migrant Crisis, a Security Challenge for the Republic of Macedonia

88%

Racaj M.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2016

|

issue 14

158-167

EN

The migrant crisis is an imposed problem that requires a thorough solution. The complete understanding of the reasons for migration, as well as the situation in the Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East is a precondition for finding appropriate solutions. Eradication of poverty and disparity, the fight against terrorism and the ISIS extremism as well as the fight against other similar groups are just a fraction of the necessary preconditions for a successful dealing with the current challenges. The solution to the drama with the infinite wave of migrants from Syria and the Middle East, to which we are sad observers, seems is not to be seen soon. First of all, if we look at the European political elite and the general lack of a reliable and clear strategy for solving this problem, all we will see is helplessness and mutual accusations. The migrant or the refugee crisis is followed by a large number of incidents or series of events. The massive arrival of refugees in the European Union, usually illegal migrants from Asia, Africa and parts of Southeastern Europe, started in the mid of 2010 and escalated in 2015. The reasons for the mass arrival are traditionally associated with the chronic unemployment and poverty in these countries, but lately, are also result of the war, especially in Syria, where the civil war caused massive exodus of the population. The situation is similar in Libya, where the fall of Moamer Gaddafi’s regime led to anarchy, used by the well-organized networks of human traffickers. By mid-2015, the refugee crisis mainly took place on the Mediterranean coast of Italy, where refugees were arriving by ships and boats. In many cases, such attempts were futile and led to mass deaths. Lately, there has been a massive influx of refugees and migrants in the Balkans, using Greece and Croatia, EU member countries on the periphery of the Union, as entry point. But also, The Republic of Macedonia and the Republic of Serbia, candidate countries for the EU, are not bypassed. Although the European political establishment met the refugees with sympathy and as victims of the horrors of war that EU needs to provide shelter for, in time, the attitude toward the refugees became subject to fierce criticism by part of the European public. Concerns about the additional burdening of the social services, worsening of the security situation or the possible disappearance of the Christian identity of Europe due to the massive influx of Muslims from war areas in the Middle East arose. Recently, the attitude toward the migrants became the subject of a heated debate - dispute between some European countries, especially between Germany, which insists on “open door” policy and Hungary, Slovakia and Poland, which claim that their countries will suffer consequences due to such policy. The refugee-migrant crisis is a threat in several aspects and already has influence on the economic and social stability as well as internal security in the countries through which the migrants transit or remain, including the Republic of Macedonia. The busiest western – Balkan route used for arrival in the Schengen zone, especially in Germany, Sweden and other western and Nordic countries, brings negative influence visible in the social aspect, genuine threat to the national identity (culture, language, religion) and such endangerment inevitably will lead to an increased incidence of xenophobia, nationalism and racism. At the end, conditions for emergence of social disintegration will be created in the countries through which the migrants transit or remain, including the Republic of Macedonia. The economic stability, being crucial for a social stability, but also, for internal security, will be affected due to the use of additional resources and capacities (accommodation, health, communal services, transport and education) that the affected countries, including the Republic of Macedonia, should provide and set in function due to the newly arisen situation.

14

The anxiety-proficiency relationship and the stability of anxiety: The case of Chinese university learners of English and Japanese

88%

Jin Y., de Bot K., Keijzer M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2015

|

vol. 5

|

issue 1

41-63

EN

Adopting a longitudinal design, this study investigates the effects of foreign language anxiety on foreign language proficiency over time within English and Japanese learning contexts. It also explores the stability of anxiety in English and Japanese over time and the stability of anxiety across English and Japanese. Chinese university students (N=146), who were simultaneously learning Japanese and English, participated in this study. Data were collected twice over a 2-month interval, using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, the English Proficiency Scale, and the Japanese Proficiency Scale. Results showed that anxiety changes had a significantly negative, but weak, correlation with the development of overall proficiency and the proficiency in sub- skills such as reading or speaking, for both English and Japanese, suggesting the interference of anxiety with proficiency levels. Anxiety in Japanese tended to decrease significantly over time, but no significant change was found for English. Furthermore, no significant difference between anxiety in Japanese and English was found at either testing time.

15

“Crisis, Chaos, Violence – Is that Really what We Want?” A Stalled Democratization in Jordan

88%

Malantowicz A., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

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2013

|

issue 1 (3)

PL

Amidst the regional turmoil in the Middle East, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan prevails its relative stability despite undergoing only limited democratic reforms. The article aims to present and analyze the Jordanian regime’s reaction to the Arab Spring in light of the international historical sociology, which depicts multidimensional and interlinked relations between the state, socjety and international environment, all immersed in historical context. The analysis finds that Jordan is a case proving that some nations praise stability over rushed political reform and, what is a key to understand the phenomenon, this is the view shared not only among the ruling elite but also by a vast part of the society. The somewhat stalled democratisation works in favour of the autocratic regime of King Abdullah II who retains power, of the Jordanian society, which does not have to fear internal disorder, and of the international community for whom Jordan is a long-standing and reliable partner.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14763

16

The stability of the world image in creating a global sense of security

88%

Ciupka S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2020

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issue 2

5-9

EN

The stability of the world image in creating a global sense of security

17

Rola edukacji ekonomicznej w kształtowaniu stabilności systemu finansowego

87%

Ratowska-Dziobiak E.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

|

2021

|

vol. 3

|

issue 31

119-132

EN

An efficiently operating financial system is considered as an integral part of a well-functioning economy. It is the mechanism by which services are provided that allow the flow of purchasing power. Thus, this system creates the foundations of activity for entities using money, enabling the conclusion of economic transactions in which money performs various functions. The result of the existence of this system is the possibility of co-creation of money by non-financial economic entities (enterprises and households) and the flow of cash between them. In the light of many transformations taking place in the financial system, it is extremely important to ensure its stability. A properly functioning financial system significantly supports the achievement of the main goals of the central bank – maintaining a stable level of prices, and thus creating the basis for achieving long-term economic growth. Educational activities are of great importance in ensuring the stability of the financial system. The aim of the article is to present the role of economic education among young people, thanks to which they can better understand the complexities of the functioning of the financial system, the importance of its stability and prepare to make more conscious decisions as fully-fledged participants of the financial market. Understanding the specificity of the available financial instruments enables the minimalization of the risk associated with their selection / purchase. The accuracy of decisions made in adulthood depends on the knowledge of basic economic issues and the awareness of potential threats.

18

Ciągłość i zmienność jako problem badań diachronicznych

75%

Siuciak M.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2015

|

issue 20

149-158

XX

The paper concerns two interlocking phenomena of linguistic history – the stability of elements of language, which ensures a long-term communicative continuity, and the variability of the system and of the vocabulary, which is an inherent quality of every natural language. It has always been the variability that was seen as the primary indicator of a diachronic outlook on language, and the main research problem has been to describe and to date linguistic changes and their mutual relation in the historical linguistic process. It seems to be an interesting research task to invert the perspective and to concentrate on what is stable in the language and its usage, i.e. on the level of the grammatical system, vocabulary, and communication habits. It ought to be recognized that it is not just variability, but also the constant struggle of these two opposing tendencies, that causes language to be viewed as a dynamical system.

19

The evaluation of stability of Czech and Slovak banks

75%

Kocisova K., Gavurova B., Behun M.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2018

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vol. 9

|

issue 2

205-223

EN

Research background: Commercial banks could affect the stability of the whole banking system due to the way they carry out their business activities. The supervision authorities play a key role in protecting banking stability by ensuring banks´ resilience to shocks, ability to recover their position in response to crisis and ultimately the supervision authorities help prevent failure of these banks. Therefore, in recent years' researchers have been trying to define conditions that could guarantee stability of banks. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to describe the methodology used to measure banking stability, namely banking stability index (BSI) and Z-score. In the first part, we present the literature review, then we try to assess the stability in the condition of the Czech Republic and Slovakia during the period 2006-2016. Methods: The BSI is constructed according to the methodology presented by Ghosh (2011), taking into account the main components, which are described by the set of financial indicators of banks. Findings & Value added: Results showed that the average BSI in the whole sample moved from 0.20454 (in 2015) to 0.2486 (in 2007). The results according to countries have showed that the tendency of development in the Czech and Slovak banking sector was the same. At the beginning of the analyzed period, the Slovak banks were more stable compared to Czech ones. Since 2009 the situation has been different, where the Czech banks could be considered as more stable compared to Slovak ones. The tendency of development of Z-score in both countries could be considered as the same, without the 2009 year, when the Czech banks significantly strengthened their capitalization, which influenced the development of Z-score. The results of correlation analysis between Z-score and BSI pointed to the fact that there was no high correlation between these two measures, therefore it is appropriate to use both methodologies for stability evaluation.

20

System Walrasa i Zapasy

75%

Panek E.

Przegląd Statystyczny

|

2011

|

vol. 58

|

issue 3-4

195-204

EN

In the literature concerning Walrasian general equilibrium it is normally assumed that in the competitive economy the decisive factor influencing the price dynamics is the relation between demand and supply, what is actually true. However it is also true that the differences between demand and supply lead to the creation of stocks of goods, what in standard models of the general equilibrium is usually not taken into consideration. This article is a modest attempt to fill this gap. We present in it a model of price adjustment, which refers to Walras and is complemented by a system of equations of stocks dynamics in the competitive economy. We prove the existence of competitive equilibrium in this economy and its global stability.

PL

W literaturze z zakresu równowagi ogólnej L. Walrasa standardowo zakłada się, że o dynamice cen towarów w gospodarce konkurencyjnej decydują relacje między popytem i podażą, co jest oczywiście prawdą. Prawdą jest jednak również to, że różnice między popytem i podażą prowadzą do powstawania zapasów towarów, czego w standardowych modelach równowagi ogólnej najczęściej już się nie uwzględnia. Artykuł jest skromną próbą wypełnienia tej luki. Przedstawiamy w nim nawiązujący do Walrasa model kształtowania cen, uzupełniony o układ równań dynamiki zapasów w gospodarce konkurencyjnej. Dowodzimy istnienia stanu równowagi konkurencyjnej w takiej gospodarce oraz jego globalnej stabilności.

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Comparison of stability of algorithms in classical and ensemble approach in taxonomy