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EN
The results of students at different basic and secondary schools vary largely in the Czech Republic compared to other countries, and there is a strong connection between the results of students and family background. The Czech education system is also highly stratified, and student tracking begins at a young age. In this respect the most controversial element in the system are the multi-year gymnasia, the existence of which is nonetheless strongly supported by the public. This support is based on the conviction that multi-year gymnasia provide the most talented students with a good education, enable more rapid cognitive development for these students, and thus help cultivate Czech elites. This article sets out to verify whether multi-year gymnasia genuinely fulfil the function associated with them. Hypotheses about the role of multi-year gymnasia are tested using data from the OECD PISA 2000 and OECD PISA 2006 surveys, the PISA-L longitudinal survey, and Higher Education Studies 2004 survey. The main analytic methods used are multi-level modelling and logistic regression
EN
Hungarian educational policy took a sharp turn in 2010, after the change of regime. The study analyses how pupil/parent preferences and enrolment chances have changed since 2000 in secondary education. The core of the study are KIFIR databases. Their task is to conduct secondary admission processes and to register applications. We have also used the data of the national com- petence survey to investigate the relationships between social background and student performance. While the strong government policy prefers vocational training, students and parents tend to turn away from it. However, the chances to enter secondary school have decreased, thus reducing the chances to enter higher education.
Human Affairs
|
2012
|
vol. 22
|
issue 1
31-42
EN
The present paper gives an overview of the reflections of and reactions to publishing the results of the first wave of the OECD study Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in the Czech Republic and in Germany. The choice of these two countries enables us to document how the same results could be perceived very differently in diverse country contexts and could lead to a different reaction from policy-makers. In spite of large reforms and numerous policy measures being adopted in Germany in reaction to the PISA results, compared with no response from policy-makers in the Czech Republic, it is argued, that in both countries policy-makers failed to tackle the major problem of their educational systems-its selective nature. In the final section we discuss various mis(uses) of PISA and its supranational and global character influencing local policies.
PL
The tracking of students in the schools is a topic that obligates social and educational reference. This is a fieldthat exposes gaps and contradictions regarding the possibilities and intentions of parts of Israeli society. It is difficultto definewho is being talked about. In addition, it is difficultto separate between or limit the reference to the single student as a real and feeling subject and the desire of the system for a child as a product of education. It is difficultto describe a general picture without forgetting the individuals in it, the students, when the relationship between the tracking, the dropping out, and the exclusion is unavoidable.This article is an attempt to examine the argument presented in research studies that the gaps between different groups in the population derive from the policy of tracking in education from the establishment of the State of Israel until today and that this policy is intentional. The way that the school as an organization acts and the topics with which it copes can be explained in social policy and in the sociological rationale that characterizes society in Israel.Which social and educational policy serves the tracking of students and why, despite the data and the numbers that indicate a large gap, is the topic of tracking not present in the educational discussion? I seek to assert that research in the field is insufficient and thait is necessary to place the topic on the agenda and conduct an educational discussion.
PL
Z badań prowadzonych w niektórych krajach wynika, że wybór ścieżki kształcenia może być silniej związany ze zdolnościami uczniów niż z pochodzeniem społecznym. O szansach przechodzenia, czy to do zasadniczej szkoły zawodowej, czy do liceum ogólnokształcącego bardziej decydują wyniki testów psychologicznych niż to, kim byli rodzice. Celem naszej analizy jest ustalenie tego dla Polski. Posługując się danymi z badań panelowych postaramy się stwierdzić, w jakim stopniu zdolności uczniów oddziałują na szanse przechodzenia do szkół średnich i wyższych. Nasze ustalenia wskazują, że niezależnie od pochodzenia społecznego wyższe umiejętności zapewniają więcej szans dostępu do szkół licealnych, najwyżej lokowanych na pierwszym progu selekcji, w porównaniu z technikami i szkołami zawodowymi. Poziom umiejętności jest również istotnym wyznacznikiem szans przechodzenia na studia i różnicuje dostęp do różnych rodzajów uczelni, zapewniając największe szanse podjęcia studiów bezpłatnych w uczelniach państwowych, cieszących się najwyższym prestiżem. Równocześnie, występowanie różnych ścieżek kształcenia jest czynnikiem wzmacniającym bariery selekcji. Absolwenci liceów najczęściej podejmują naukę w uczelniach bezpłatnych, podczas gdy szkoły prowadzone w trybie niestacjonarnym, przyjmujące kandydatów ze słabszymi wynikami i pobierające opłaty, relatywnie częściej przyciągają absolwentów techników.
EN
Research on educational inequalities disclosed that educational choices may be more strongly affected by students’ abilities than by class membership of their fathers. The purpose of this analysis is to establish how these relationships look like in Poland. By using data from panel studies 2014 we attempt to establish to what extent the abilities affect chances of transition to secondary and tertiary schools. According to our findings, higher abilities increase chances of access to lyceums offering general education than to technical secondary and basic vocational schools. The cognitive skills also increase the chances of transition to tertiary education, differentiating access to public universities, which enjoy the highest prestige. Level of cognitive skills is an important determinant of transition to tertiary education and it affects entry to various types of universities, providing the greatest chances of enrolment in freeof-charge public universities. At the same time, our findings confirm that choosing different tracks maintains class divisions in educational career. Graduates of lyceums are more likely to enroll in free-of-charge public universities whereas institutions which offer part-time programs, accept candidates with poorer scores, and charge tuition, are more likely to attract graduates of technical secondary schools.
6
63%
PL
Usługi lokalizacyjne LBS (Location Based Services) w kilku ostatnich latach rozwijają się dynamicznie. Lokalizacja może być związana z określeniem położenia osoby lub śledzeniem jej przemieszczania się w czasie. Dane tego typu mają charakter danych osobowych i w przypadku, gdy serwis LBS nie ma odpowiednich zabezpieczeń, mogą się dostać w niepowołane ręce naruszając w ten sposób prywatność użytkownika serwisu. Pytanie, w jakim zakresie dostawcy usług LBS powinni przetwarzać dane lokalizacyjne, jak się zabezpieczyć przed nadużyciami i jakie powinno być prawo w tym zakresie, pojawia się, ponieważ usługi LBS stały się wszechobecne, a śledzenie i określanie pozycji użytkownika, szczególnie we przypadku komunikatorów mobilnych, występuje wielokrotnie w ciągu doby. Uregulowania prawne mają obecnie charakter lokalny, inne są na rynku amerykańskim, a inne w Unii Europejskiej. US Federal Communications Commission przywiązuje znaczną wagę do kwestii prywatności. W 2012 roku całokształt zagadnień dotyczących ochrony prywatności w usługach LBS został ujęty w Raporcie FCC.
EN
The location-based services (LBS) display a dynamic development in recent years. There are two types of location: first, tracking the person movement in time, and, second, location awareness of the person. We have a problem of personal data security and if the LBS service hasn’t a proper security means, these data could be transferred to other parties which may abuse them. The question arises what should be the scope of data processing allowed for LBS providers and what kind of legal regulations we need as the LBS services are nowadays commonly available and each user of a mobile device is tracked many times a day. The present regulations are local as we have different laws in the US and different in the EU. The US Federal Communications Commission puts a lot of attention to the privacy problems. All issues concerning this subject were discussed and presented in the 2012 FCC Report.
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