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EN
The disintegration of character in recent Polish drama is closely related to identity crisis and the ensuing negation of the basis and integrity of one's sense of self. A character can hardly be analysed as a person – more often than not, it resembles a linguistic or textual entity rather than a human being. The persona is replaced by a voice or a polyphonic collective body – a choir. In the dramatic works of contemporary Polish playwrights such as M. Ko-terski, M. Bieliński, M. Modzelewski, L. Amejko or D. Masłowska these forms can be real-ized as either a fragmented subject split into aspects that cannot be reconciled, or as the subject's external reality, which they perceive as fragmented, incomprehensible and hostile.
EN
The present paper deals with the types of Indo-European diathesis, trying to define their origins and characterize the variations in the development of individual languages Contrastive analysis of Latin and Greek as languages with extremely dissimilar system of voices serves as the starting point. Diachronically both systems are different paradigmatizations of underlying common Indo-European structure. The reconstructed proto-diathesis consists of verb classes of agentive vs. non-agentive/inactive verbs with different series of endings. The Greek system of elaborated active vs. middle-passive oppositions cannot be projected into Proto-Indo-European. Latin, unlike Greek, attests archaic types of voices: r-deagentive (impersonal passive) and passive preterit with -to-participle which was the first Indo-European expression of the passive.
EN
The aim of the article is to present a linguistic image of the voice in diachronic terms. In the analysis, the material in the Polish language that is considered comes from the dictionaries of the contemporary and historical Polish as well as the corpus of texts of various epochs. The article focuses only on the voice emission activity. The text also includes the methodological reflections resulting from the practice of the language historian.
4
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Dramaturgia muzyczna

88%
EN
In her paper, Ewa Wąchocka examines the phenomenon of recent dramatic works becoming increasingly more ‘musical’ and the terminological shift it brought about, i.e. the inclusion of the term ‘musical dramaturgy’ in writing for the stage. The author argues that far from being limited to the sounds of speech and language in general, musicality also encompasses a variety of non-musical sounds, the unravelling of the play’s narrative and the psychological makeup of its characters; it also penetrates deeply into the structure of the text. In the analysis of plays by W. Murek, A. Grzegorzewska, and S. Bogacz, the author demonstrates how essential the inspirations sourced from musical culture are for recent dramatic works: the 20th-century experiments with music, the discovery of how potent sound expression can be, or the most technologically advanced methods of sound reproduction. By presenting the many and varied dramatic strategies, the author shows that contemporary playwrights not only use musicality to represent the sound landscape of the world but, first and foremost, to create the ontology of an internally conflicted world.
EN
The formation of a correct voice requires, among other things, a proper vocal emission technique, which consists of the correct way of breathing, phonation and articulation, their mutual coordination and the correct functioning of the resonance spaces. The task of the breath in correct emission is to enliven and sustain the sound, giving it strength and fullness of tone or, on the contrary, gentleness and softness. Correct breathing is the best massage for the vocal folds because the respiratory muscles, the muscles of the larynx, pharynx and oral cavity are closely interdependent. If the respiratory muscles are impaired, the laryngeal muscles will show increased tension and excessive effort. Breathing is essential for sound production because without air movement, phonation would not be possible and there would be no environment for the sound wave to propagate. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the importance of breathing for correct vocal emission and to point out both the determinants (characteristics) of correct breathing and the breathing habits that impede correct vocal emission.
PL
Powstawanie prawidłowego głosu wymaga m.in. odpowiedniej techniki jego emisji, na którą składa się właściwy sposób oddychania, fonacji i artykulacji, ich wzajemna koordynacja oraz prawidłowa czynność przestrzeni rezonacyjnych. Zadaniem oddechu w prawidłowej emisji jest ożywienie i podtrzymywanie dźwięku, nadawanie mu siły i pełni brzmienia lub przeciwnie – delikatności i łagodności. Prawidłowy oddech jest najlepszym masażem dla fałdów głosowych, ponieważ mięśnie oddechowe, mięśnie krtani, gardła i jamy ustnej są od siebie uzależnione. Jeżeli mięśnie oddechowe będą niepełnosprawne, to mięśnie krtani wykazywać będą wzmożone napięcie i nadmierny wysiłek. Oddychanie jest niezbędne do wydobycia dźwięku, ponieważ bez ruchu powietrza nie byłaby możliwa fonacja i nie byłoby środowiska dla rozchodzenia się fali akustycznej. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na znaczenie oddychania dla prawidłowej emisji głosu oraz wskazanie zarówno wyznaczników (cech) właściwego oddychania, jak i nawyków oddechowych utrudniających prawidłową emisję głosu.
6
88%
EN
The topic of this paper, as its title suggests, is the fate of the original Indo-European (IE) aspirates in Balto-Slavic, or possibly in its direct precursor, Proto-Balto-Slavic. In contrast with the Indo-European protolanguage, which is generally reconstructed with three modal classes of stops, both the Baltic and the Slavic languages are modeled on the opposition based on the feature /±voice/ only, with the opposition based on the feature /±aspiration/ not directly attested. Due to this distinction between IE and Balto-Slavic, it is assumed that the original opposition of aspiration was lost at some point during the Proto-Balto-Slavic period. The mechanism of this loss and the question of ‘voiceless aspirates’ are discussed as well. In the paper it is demonstrated that there is no reason to believe that ‘voiceless aspirates’ and ‘voiced aspirates’ ever formed a category of ‘aspirates’, proportional to the opposition between ‘voiceless unaspirates’ and ‘voiced unaspirates’, or to assume that both ‘aspirates’ever existed at the same moment.
EN
Music, as sung and listened to, has been described in many a tale as powerful and transformative. Yet, the important question is not so much if that claim is true or whether it may be verified, but what kind of power and transformation are alluded to in those mythical and literary sources? Taking these symbolic claims and elaborating on their possible meaning, alongside thinkers such as Carolyne Abbate or Roland Barthes, proceeds to find ways in which these claims may suggest different roles that music and singing play in human lives. As much as current musicological and anthropological academic narratives point to the power and its negotiation in society, there is more to singing voices’ charms than this. The author points to an important transformation that happens when the human existential qualities found in the voice’s imperfections (its materiality) are matched with the music’s aesthetic qualities (its beauty, sublimity, its symmetry, its impression) to transform the listener and make her listen.
EN
The paper is an attempt at a systematic review and a tentative synthesis of the philosophically most relevant theories of voice that are to be found within the psychoanalytic tradition. Beginning with some reflections borrowed from Thomas Ogden, the author proceeds to examine two lines of thinking about voice: the ‘paternal’ line which discusses voice mostly in relation to the superego and the orientation of the self and the ‘maternal’ line which discusses voice in relation to the processes of subjective constitution. Having analyzed selected insights of such authors as Freud, Reik, Isakower and Lacan within the paternal line and Lacan, Anzieu, Rosolato, Vasse, and Abraham&Török within the maternal one, the author attempts to show the common features of many of these diverse takes, focusing especially on the processes of internalization of external voices and on the strange status of voice as both most intimate and alien to us. The closing discussion of Mladen Dolar’s theory opens the way to a synthetic view of voice as the paradoxical kernel of human subjectivity.
EN
This paper discusses the correspondence between Finnish emigrants living in North America and their families and friends at home in Finland. This correspondence dates from the latter part of the nineteenth century, and concerns the first generation of emigrants. Sending and receiving letters in nineteenth-century Finland can be understood as a communicative practice of the local community, because letters were written collectively, and a literate person typically acted as a scribe in the community. Even reading and receiving a letter was a collective act of hearing. Linguistically, the collective nature of letter-writing is reflected in the different manifestations of polyphony in the texts. This article will focus on the polyphony of the immigrant correspondence, analysing who are allowed to have a voice of their own, and how the different voices are reconstructed in the letters. This analysis will focus particularly on conveying polyphony through the use of person marking in Finnish.
EN
Local, regional and national identities are ‘reshuffled’ each time an individual changes language or dialect in order to obtain a job, to qualify for a position, or enter a school. Every crossing by an individual of physical and language borders to survive or start afresh as a migrant and every application for citizenship or test of language proficiency are acts of self-‘translation‘ and transformation. Such acts entail - next to possible net gains in ‘employability‘, or the possibilities of integration or assimilation - a loss of memory, of self-expression and all that is contained in an individual's particular voice and its lived particularity.The changing status and role of learning for adults moving across linguistic and political boundaries in the greater-than-EU27 ‘West’ - young adult students of the former ‘Eastern Bloc’ (Ukraine and Bulgaria) - are the subjects of this micro-research project. This paper will focus on experiences of transition and transformation - a form of self-‘translation’ - undergone by these individuals who are ‘peripheral’ citizens in the mainstream political and economic landscapes of the EU27.The paper seeks to show how biographical narrative interviews, sensitive to the changing language resources of migrants, and sensitive, too, to the use of these language resources in the co-construction of new learning spaces, help researchers in adult education to hear how learning and identity formation can be told. In the narratives of the young adults interviewed here, learning is shaped and expressed as biographical learning, and both difficulties and success have their place in the shifting contexts in which learning takes place.
EN
The article describes the project, developed in the Cathedral of Lodi, which led to the composition of Introit chants for the Sundays and major feasts of the liturgical year. Starting from the principles of nobility and simplicity, the pieces composed, making the most of the treasury of the liturgical musical tradition, are intended to respond to current liturgical needs.
IT
L’articolo descrive il progetto, sviluppato  nella Cattedrale di Lodi, che ha portato alla composizione di canti d’introito per le domeniche e le feste principali dell’anno liturgico. Partendo dai principi di nobiltà e semplicità, i brani composti, sfruttando il tesoro della tradizione musicale liturgica, intendono rispondere alle esigenze liturgiche attuali.
EN
The scope of the article is to reflect upon the argument of animality in the work of the Sicilian poet Jolanda Insana (1937-2016) which represents one of the possible interpretive keys of her works. The analytical part of the paper contains an analysis from the anti-anthropocentric perspective of some fragments of the section Bestia clandestina included in the volume Turbativa d’incanto (2012).
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the meanings of the voice in the novel mentioned in the title in relation to Adriana Cavarero’s thought. Following the presentation of the work, the article examines two different manifestations of the voice in the text: the singing voice and the discursive voice. The former confirms the patriarchal association of women with the body but sometimes it also appears as a space of freedom from oppression. The latter, which is denied to the protagonist, symbolizes women’s exclusion from logos.
14
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Spacijalnost Matoševa glasa

76%
EN
The voice connections observed within the A.G. Matos’s poetry establish the poem’s space/ the poem’s body. The grammar of the speech, grammar of the body and grammar of the poem are connected with the same category – the spaciousness. The insight of the voice metaphors highlights the relationship between the voice, body and space stressing the relationship as a condition of the poem’s voice and body existence.
EN
Małgorzata Figura’s article is an attempt to capture the social roles of children when faced with the threat of the impending climate catastrophe. The introduction aims to draw attention to the need to give the floor to young people who can alert the public to changes taking place in the world. This necessity is stressed by researchers who represent children’s studies and who emphasize the importance of children’s perspective in literature and in scientific and social discourses. Figura’s analysis of selected literary texts allows us to see this turn towards the child, which at the same time is also the child’s turn towards nature.
EN
Ingmar Bergman's novel, The Best Intentions, is about the life and love of his parents. In transforming his parents into the characters, Henrik and Anna, Bergman offers a compelling analysis of the driving forces behind their real-life actions and choices. The paper draws from the work of the Danish philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard, to demonstrate the way that Bergman's analysis is connected to a particular understanding of the dynamics of the self. I ask: how and why are Bergman's two characters led to deception and self-deception during the most critical years of their lives? Bergman's intuitions about the embodied, relational self arguably have to do with his experience as a stage director. Through his work, he is aware of the way that players distinguish between their own selves and the roles, characters, voices, and identities they perform. Bergman exploits the techniques, concepts, and metaphors of the theater in the narration of this story of a 'life catastrophe'.
Verbum Vitae
|
2018
|
vol. 34
511-518
EN
Book review:  Joanna Nowińska, Co słyszysz poza słowem? «Sound design» Apokalipsy św. Jana (Rozprawy i Studia Biblijne 47; Warszawa: Vocatio 2016). Ss. 214. 65 PLN. ISBN: 978-83-7829-217-3
PL
Recenzja książki:  Joanna Nowińska, Co słyszysz poza słowem? «Sound design» Apokalipsy św. Jana (Rozprawy i Studia Biblijne 47; Warszawa: Vocatio 2016). Ss. 214. 65 PLN. ISBN: 978-83-7829-217-3
EN
The present essay focuses on Kacper Bartczak’s latest volume, Pokarm Suweren, which is shown to be a radical attempt at expressing a posthumanist selfhood that instantiates itself as a borderline figure between language and body.
PL
W niniejszym szkicu analizie poddany zostaje najnowszy tom Kacpra Bartczaka pt. Pokarm Suweren, który ukazany jest tu jako radykalna próba wyrażenia podmiotu posthumanistycznego – istniejącego jako figura na granicy języka i ciała.    
EN
The article focuses on three Italian Novecento poetical voices of Lucio Piccolo, Eugenio Montale and Maria Luisa Spaziani and presents their experience of writing which gesture originates from listening to each other’s voices and from the constant weave with life that nourishes each poetic inspiration and each possible story. Firstly, the authors consider the Sicilian voice of baron Piccolo from Calanovella who was completely excluded from the circle of Italian poets in the XX century, in spite of the promising debut that took place thanks to Eugenio Montale who was convinced of Piccolo’s originality and maturity. Secondly, the analysis of biographical events involving baron Piccolo and his cousin Tomasi di Lampedusa, the epistolary story of 9 lyrics written by the Sicilian aristocrat and his friendship with Maria Luisa Spaziani, should help unravel the mechanisms which generate, inspire and extinguish every act of writing. In its concluding part, the paper explores the conception of «resistance» and «act of creation», as interpreted by Giorgio Agamben.
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