Search results - CEJSH

1

Attachment styles of young adults – in search for the correlates of mental health

100%

Wawiórko A., Zabłocka-Żytka L.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2018

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vol. 55(13)

121-130

EN

Attachment styles have been analysed in the context of development and functioning of children for decades. It seems interesting to analyse the attachment styles also in the context of adult life and psychological well-being. The article presents own research concerning the relationship between the attachment styles and mental health among young adults. There were 96 participants, 60 females and 36 males. The Attachment Styles Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire (GHO-28), and an authorial survey were used. A statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between anxiousambivalent attachment style and somatic symptoms, unrest, depression symptoms, and avoidant behaviours. A secure attachment style correlated negatively with depression symptoms.

2

Money, possessions and happiness: The relationships beetwen subjective and relative assessment of young adults’ material situation, materialism and well-being

100%

Magdalena P.-W., Aneta P., Grażyna P.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2020

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issue 59(17)

65-80

EN

The aim of this paper was to explore both direct and indirect associations between subjective and relative economic well-being, materialism and SWB of young adults of the post-transformation generation. In particular, the moderating role of materialism on the relationship between subjective and relative assessment and SWB was explored. The study was conducted on a group of 207 evening/weekend students, from public and private Warsaw colleges and universities. Correlational design was used and hierarchical regression analysis and moderation analysis using Hayes Model macro # 1 were done. The study’s results indicate that young people’s well-being is positively associated with their material situation assessment (subjective and relative) and negatively with materialism. The study’s results also show that a high level of materialism weakens or eliminates the relationship between subjective and relative assessment of one’s material situation and SWB.

3

Polscy gniazdownicy. O powodach, dla których dorosłe dzieci mieszkają z rodzicami

100%

Piszczatowska-Oleksiewicz M.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2014

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vol. 24

181-210

EN

Recent social, cultural and economic changes affect the lifecycle of both families and individuals, having considerable impact on scientifically defined stages, the time dedicated to them, and developmental tasks they are associated with. One of such stages is the move of an adult child out of the family home, which is more and more often put off at the time being. The phenomenon of delaying the moment of separating yourself from your parents is referred to as nesting. Sociological and demographic studies conducted so far show that living with custodians in spite of becoming mature is getting more and more popular among young adults in Poland. In-depth analyses show that even though financial factors (low income, low purchasing power of adult children and no employment) are a significant determinant of nesting in Poland, such decisions are triggered by other motives as well. Nesting, in spite of being an individual attitude, is always a shared experience and the outcome of forces and vectors with the family ecosystem. Nesters are not the only actors of the crowded nest arrangement. Custodians and sometimes also sibling play a significant role there too. This leads to another conclusion, i.e. that nesters are not the only beneficiaries of nesting, while parents are not the only ones who bear the consequences of this co-residency.

4

Polityka społeczna a wybrane problemy młodej dorosłości

100%

Przybylski M.

Studia BAS

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2017

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issue 2(50)

129-145

EN

The article focuses on the problems experienced by a special category of people, namely young adults, in the context of social policy in Poland. The first section provides an overview of contemporary Polish research in social sciences related to young adults. The second one focuses on the available data on the employment, housing conditions and demographic behaviour of young Poles. The third section discusses selected social policies directly or indirectly related to this target group. The article concludes with a set of recommendations for policy makers in the areas crucial for achieving the completed adulthood.

5

Exploring young Europeans’ homeownership opportunities

100%

Dewilde C.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2020

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vol. 7

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issue 1

86-102

EN

Even before the 2008/9-crisis, and certainly after, trends in labour markets combined with housing and mortgage market developments made it more difficult for each new cohort of young Europeans (25-34) to complete the transition to ‘residential independence’, and to homeownership in particular. Using EU-SILC-data (2005-2018), I find that young adults’ homeownership opportunities have indeed declined across Europe, but to varying extents. Furthermore, it seems that a more socially selective group of highly educated young homeowners are entering properties, and the properties they are entering are of lower quality and in locations with fewer services. I also find indications that the transition to homeownership is being pushed beyond the commonly used age-threshold of 34. Across countries, deteriorating homeownership opportunities are more strongly associated with housing and mortgage market turmoil than with the declined employment and income security of young adults. Taken together, these findings may indicate that housing market developments, such as restricted access to mortgage credit, have become a more important explanatory factor.

6

Social constraints of aspirations for second language achievement

100%

Rokita-Jaśkow J.

Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition

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2018

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vol. 4

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issue 1

EN

Educational aspirations are dfined a ;educational goals students set for themselves' ( Trebbels, 2015:37). They are widely studied in psychological and sociological research, in which it was found that 1) they form in late adolescence and early childood, 2) their goal and level (i.e. high vs. low) are determined by the social environmnet they come from, i.e. their family background, peer and school influence. The paper presents the results of the qualitative study, in which 56 students of English philology in one of the vocational schools in the south of Poland expressed their aspirations in reference to their future foreign language attainment and associated vocational goals. The results showed that in the majority of cases the aspirations are not so high and fully-formed, which, it is hypothesised is rooted in the social background the students come from.

7

A new form of friendship among young adults in Poland: Identification of the friends with benefits phenomenon

100%

Prusiński T.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 1

87-105

EN

Close friendship is one of the most fundamental issues in psychology. It is a universal relationship in terms of which it is possible to describe every human being, since every individual engages in it. The quality of close friendship relationships is one of the essential conditions of mental health. A close friendship generates space in which to fulfill the most fundamental human needs. The aim of this empirical study was to identify a new form of close interpersonal relationship, called “friend with benefits” and defined as friends having sexual relations. The results of the empirical study allow us to explore this phenomenon, discuss differences in the quality and intensity of the friends with benefits relationship between men and women, and draw some important conclusions.

8

Assessment of students’ mental health in positive and negative aspect. Mental health inventory (IZP)

100%

Kluczyńska S., Witkowska E., Zabłocka-Żytka L., Czabała J. C., Sokołowska E.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2019

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vol. 57(15)

79-98

EN

The aim of the study was to develop and validate a standardized inventory assessing the mental health of young adults. The originality of the proposed approach lies in the fact that the inventory refers to both the positive and negative dimension of mental health. 405 students were examined, including 292 women and 113 men. When assessing the accuracy of the newly created instrument, the covariance of its results with the results of other tools measuring mental health or its aspects: General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28; Questionnaire for Quality of Life Assessment WHOQL-BREF; Questionnaire of Life Orientation by A. Antonowsky was assessed. Additionally, the covariance of personality traits defined by the Big Five Model as well as a temperamental dimensions of Regulative Temperament Theory was assessed. An analysis of the factor structure of the questionnaire was also performed. Although the results of the factor analysis indicate a unidimensional structure of the IZP, the correlation between its two dimensions equals -0.65. In addition, there was a correlation between both the positive dimension of mental health and negative health with neuroticism and emotional reactivity. The results of analyzes of personality and temperamental measures with data obtained using the Mental Health Inventory suggest the utility of the tool in the assessment of mental health indicators in both negative and positive aspect.

9

Aktywność polityczna młodych dorosłych we współczesnej Polsce

100%

Pazderska A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2021

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vol. 26

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issue 336

80-90

EN

This article presents the activity of young adults in the political sphere and its impact on the state of Polish democracy. Young people have a low interest in politics compared to other age groups. The decreasing involvement of young citizens in traditional forms of politics is reflected in lower voter turnout and lower participation in political organisations and parties. This is a consequence of declining trust in public institutions, as well as a feeling of a lack of influence in the political affairs of the state. Nowadays, young people are increasingly turning to alternative forms of civic and political engagement, which include being active on the Internet, signing petitions, or participating in protests and street demonstrations. At the same time, the low level of interest in politics and the decline in political participation of young adults raises questions about the state of Polish democracy. In the future, this may even pose a fundamental threat to the state’s political system.

10

Health Belief Model Variables as Predictors of Light, Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity Among Young Adults

100%

Sas-Nowosielski K., Grabara M., Hadzik A.

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2013

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vol. 32

194-203

EN

The aim of the study was to measure the association among Health Belief Model (HBM) variables and self-reported physical activity of young adults. A survey research protocol was employed. Participants were 391 university students (245 females), 19–22 years old (–x = 21.41±3.49). Analyses revealed that the strongest predictor of physical activity is self-efficacy, followed by perceived benefits and the perceived barriers. Other HBM variables, such as the perceived susceptibility or perceived severity, were not associated with physical activity. On the basis of the obtained results it may be concluded that the HBM as a model of avoiding diseases is not adequate to explain and predict physical activity of young adults.

11

Społeczno-środowiskowa perspektywa zagrożeń zdrowia pokolenia młodych dorosłych

89%

Bulska J., Dworak A.

Chowanna

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2019

417-429

EN

The generation of the turn of the 20th/21st century is given to live in a new, changing reality. Modern, young generation entering adulthood is brought up in a post-transformation society, dominated by consumption, accelerated pace of life and threats occurring in all spheres of its functioning. In Poland, socio-cultural transformation has become for young adults not only a source of new challenges, opportunities, but also of threats. The consequences of the transformations are difficulties of (especially) the young generation in adapting to the ever-changing, unstable reality. The rapid changes in the surrounding reality have inspired research on the problems of growing up (including risky and harmful behaviours), and the difficulties of a generation growing up in an unstable reality.

12

Academic youth in the borderland – in the process of designing their future

88%

Suchodolska J.

Edukacja Międzykulturowa

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2022

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vol. 19

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issue 4

79-92

EN

The contemporary socio-economic reality generates the need to create a life project that determines the direction of implementing important goals as well as of developing new competences. This inspires the individual to look for ways of thinking and behaving which can serve as protection against various risk factors. This applies to the factors which enhance socio-professional ambivalence, the difficulty of taking advantage of life opportunities and performing new social roles. The study introduces the subject of designing the future by academic youth. It is a group that, at the stage of entering adulthood, takes up the challenge of adequate learning about their own needs and confronting them with the value system, in order to realistically determine their capabilities, both at the emotional and behavioral level. Then they will be ready for their internal and external exploration. In early adulthood, developing a plan for life turns out to be both an important protective factor and a manifestation of proactivity. In this context, creating a plan for life can also mean taking care of oneself and one’s self-development.

13

‘But You Looked Smart’: Participant Observations of HIV Testing and Counseling for Young Adults

88%

Johnson M. A.

International Review of Social Research

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 2

51-67

EN

In recent years, a consistent increase of new HIV infections in young adult populations has been reported. One argument is that this population does not receive adequate information or support to promote healthy behavior choices. The current study provides direct evaluation of services and communication about prevention provided to young adults by trained counselors to identify critical issues that could illuminate ongoing barriers. Six clinic sites surrounding a large Midwest university were evaluated. Through participant observations and interviews, this analysis demonstrates that while the rapid HIV test has increased the opportunity for counseling to take place, numerous areas of concern still exist including access to testing, the use of judgmental language, as well as the presence of both halo and horn effect.

14

Niepewność zatrudnienia młodych dorosłych: analiza sekwencji karier zawodowych

88%

Kiersztyn A.

Studia BAS

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2020

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issue 2(62)

73-90

EN

The article looks at the results of a quantitative study of employment insecurity among young adults in Poland. Insecurity is conceptualized as a specific career sequence, observed over several years, composed of recurrent episodes of non-standard employment separated by periods of joblessness. The empirical part of the analysis uses data from the three most recent waves of the Polish Panel Survey POLPAN (conducted in 2008, 2013, and 2018). It offers an analysis of the employment transitions experienced by the respondents, a description of early career sequences (covering a period of three or five years following graduation), and an assessment of the main socio-economic correlates of persistent youth employment insecurity on the Polish labour market.

15

Attachment style, relationship status, gender and relational competences among young adults

88%

Adamczyk K., Pilarska A.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2012

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vol. 43

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issue 2

59-69

EN

The seeking of a lifetime partner/spouse, establishing and maintaining close relationships are central developmental tasks in young adulthood. In successful achievement of these tasks relational competences may play a crucial role, thus making it reasonable to study their conditions. This article provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between relational competences and attachment style, relationship status, and gender. It presents a study of a normal sample of 423 young adults, aged 20-35, who completed The Questionnaire of Relational Competences in Intimate Relationships, Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and Demographic Questionnaire. The analysis of the data revealed that in the description of various relational competences all three factors play an important role. It has also turned out that the association between relational competences and attachment style is influenced by the circumstances pertaining to relationship status.

16

Media społecznościowe jako narzędzie wspierające działania duszpasterskie. Ocena wykorzystania ich funkcjonalności w parafii wielkomiejskiej

88%

Gralczyk A.

Studia Ełckie

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2022

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vol. 24

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issue 3

309-321

EN

Social media’s tremendous popularity along with their huge potential in-flicts a question if they can be used in pastoral care activities. Lasting for over 2 years COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant drop in the number of regularly practicing believers and an important rise of social media users within church believers, especially among young adults. Because of the pandemic, social media became a chance and a tool used to reach out to young people both believers and non-believers but also to the ones seeking God. Therefore, in this paper the Author touches upon the areas of using social media in passing on the faith and proclaiming the Gospel. The author also makes a selection among social media based on their popularity and attractiveness from parishioner point of view. Finally, by using questionnaire survey, the author shall also assess social media functionalities used by selected Parish.

17

The Role of Spirituality and Belief in Free Will in the Perception of Self-efficacy Among Young Adults

88%

Charzyńska E., Wysocka E.

The New Educational Review

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2014

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vol. 36

194-205

EN

The primary goal of the study was to examine the relationships between spirituality, belief in free will and perceived self-efficacy among young adults. In order to develop the preliminary adaptation of the FAD-Plus questionnaire, used for measuring the lay beliefs in free will and three related constructs, Study 1 was carried out among 485 young adults. The tool had satisfactory psychometric properties. Study 2, in which 340 students participated, verified the role of believing in free will as a potential mediator between spirituality and perceived self-efficacy. In the case of male students, total mediation was found, and in the case of female students, partial mediation was noted. The studies indicate the need to put greater emphasis on the spiritual sphere and the sense of free will in the education provided for young adults.

18

Młodociani sprawcy rozboju

87%

Wójcik D.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1972

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issue V

151-189

EN

The study presents the findings of an inquiry conducted among 60 young adults (male) serving sentences for robbery in a Warsaw prison. These 60 offenders (aged I7 - 20) formed part of a total of 229 young adults convicted of robbery and confined in this Warsaw prison between 1 October, 1966 and 30 November, 1968, with regard to whom details were secured of their criminal records from the age of ten. Of these 229 young persons, whose average age was 18.8, as many as 76 per cent had previous convictions, 58 per cent of them having appeared in juvenile courts and 48 per cent in criminal courts for offenders over 17 years of age. Of those who had appeared in juvenile courts 42 per cent had three or more appearances. The fact that three-quarters of the young adults convicted of robbery in Warsaw are repeated offenders indicates a need to analyze the types of their offences. As regards offences committed as juveniles, these were usually thefts, the proportion of crimes of violence not exceeding 18 per cent. Above the age of seventeen, however, the structure of their offences changes, since 36 per cent involved acts of physical assault and 14 per cent offences with verbal aggression (i.e. slander); offences against property, on the other hand, came to 48 per cent. The young recidivists convicted of robbery differ basically (p < 0.001) from young adults guilty of other offences (previously surveyed by the Department of Criminology) since the majority of the latter (as much as 67 per cent) were offences against property (usually larceny). The above evidence indicates therefore that the problem of aggressiveness requires special attention in studies of robbery offences committed by young adults. A more detailed inquiry was, as has been said, conducted among 60 young adults serving sentences for robbery, of whom 82 per cent had more than one previous conviction. The control group consisted of 43 young recidivists convicted of various offences (chiefly theft) with the exception of robbery. The first point to be made is that the subjects revealed, according to the accounts of their mothers, marked behaviour disorders as early as pre-school age (overactivity and restlessness, stubbornness, etc.). Evidence of such behaviour disorders below the age of seven was found much more frequently among offenders convicted of robbery (61 per cent) than in the control group containing young adult recidivists who had committed other offences (34 per cent). Only 69 per cent of the robbery offenders had completed the seven grades of elementary school, and of these only 12 pet cent had never been kept back a grade, while 24 per cent had fallen back one grade, 39 per cent two grades and 24 per cent three or more grades. This poor progress at school cannot be explained by lower levers of intelligence since 68 per cent of the subjects had normal IQs, 24.5 per cent were dull, 6.2 per cent were on the borderline of mental deficiency and 2 per cent were morons. Among the young robbery offenders (and the young recidivists as well for that matter) there had been frequent cases of truancy (77 per cent) and this had begun at an early age since almost half had got into the habit before the fourth grade. Thefts had been committed by 61 per cent of the subjects below the age of 15. The majority (65 per cent) had no vocational qualifications. Altogether among all the young adult robbery offenders with previous convictions, 16 per, cent had never been gainfully employed, and 49 per cent had jobs for less than half the period they were at liberty after completing their sixteenth year. At the time the robbery was committed, the percentage in employment did not exceed 17 per cent. The subjects spent their time among demoralized peers with whom they drank. The nature of the environment in which they mixed can best be seen from the fact that among the persons who were accomplices to their robberies (almost always young adults or juveniles), as many as 75 per cent had been previously convicted and 60 per cent frequently drank to excess. It should be noted that the young recidivists in the control group convicted of other offences and drawn from persons with a record of theft as juveniles, had made even poorer progress at school than the robbery offenders, had in fewer cases completed elementary school, had more frequently run away from home, had started to steal regularly at an earlier age and had committed many more thefts as juveniles and children. The inquiry found, however, that the robbery offenders had displayed personality disorders at an earlier age and had started to drink younger and done much more drinking at 16 – 17 years of age. The data on the drinking habits of the robbery offenders merit special attention. It was found that only 23 per cent of these young adults drank less frequently than once a week, 55 per cent drank 2-3 times a week, and 22 per cent drank at least four times a week (these figures are certainly not an accurate reflection of the degree of drinking which was undoubtedly even higher). It should be emphasized that 43 per cent of the subjects began to drink wine or spirits at least once a week below the age of 16, and 75 per cent were drinking with the same regularity before their 17th birthday. In the period preceding the robbery a large percentage of the young adults (52 per cent) were drinking large quantities of alcohol at each session (at least 1/4 litre in terms of spirits) 2 - 3 times a week or more. They drank wine or vodka, or both. It should not be forgotten in considering these figures that some 60 per cent of the robbery offenders were only 17-18 years of age. Furthermore 42 per cent of the 17-18 age group had been drinking 2-3 times a week or more for at least two years, and 50 per cent of the 19 -20 age bracket had been doing so for at least three years. A third of the subjects admitted to intoxication at least once or twice a month, and a half recorded that they were inebriated several times a month. A very large majority (c. 80 per cent) were under the influence of alcohol when they committed their robbery. In the psychological inquiries detailed attention was given to the problems of aggression in the case of the young robbery offenders, their level of aggressiveness being determined from the evidence of aggressive behaviour in childhood and later yielded by interviews with both the subjects themselves and their mothers. Ratings of “very aggressive” were scored by 62 per cent of the young robbery offenders. In comparison with the findings of the Department of Criminology study of other samples of juvenile and adult recidivists (not convicted of robbery), it has been found that the robbery offenders do indeed display a greater incidence of aggressive behaviour and score higher in the Buss-Durkee aggression questionnaire. The robbery offenders not qualified as “very aggressive”, (38 per cent) also had occasional acts of aggression in their past career, and 25 per cent of them had even been previously prosecuted for offences containing an element of violence. However, they differed in certain respects from the robbery offenders qualified as “very aggressive”. Among the latter regular drinking was more frequent (p < 0.001) and had begun at an earlier age (p < 0.01), thefts had been more common and the rate of recidivism was greater. Evidence of the presence of such characteristics as overactivity, impulsiveness, etc., in childhood was also more frequent (p < 0.05). In addition they possessed a higher rate of brain damage. Very aggressive robbery offenders more frequently displayed overactivity whereas the non-aggressive offenders tended to have clearly passive personalities (p < 0.02) inclined to let others take the lead. Attention should finally be drawn to the more frequent occurence among the “very aggressive” offenders (in comparison with the remaining young adults convicted of robbery) of certain adverse conditions in their home background. There were many more cases of among these subjects of defective emotional relationships between parents and son (p < 0.01) and more frequent employment of brutal corporal punishment (p < 0.02). These are factors found by various inquiries to be conducive to the development of aggressive attitudes. However, as regards such environmental factors as alcoholic or criminal parents and siblings, no significant differences were found between the backgrounds of the aggressive and non-aggressive robbery offenders. In analysing the problem of aggressiveness the question of brain damage should not be overlooked. In the case of as many as 29 of the sample (49 per cent) there was evidence pointing to such a condition with a high degree of probability. These subjects displayed, it was found, more frequent symptoms of behaviour disorders and social maladjustment such as frequent stealing (p < 0.001), early excessive drinking (p < 0.02), considerable violence (p < 0.001) and more frequent self-aggression (p < 0.02). This multiplication of behaviour disorders among offenders suffering from brain damage points to greater adaptation difficulties further compounded by their home circumstances. Among the whole sample of young robbery offenders there were only 16 per cent who were not found to be subject either to brain damage or decidedly adverse influences at home. The homes of the young robbery offenders present as negative a picture as those of the previously studied recidivists convicted of other offences. Only 57 per cent of the former spent their childhood in unbroken homes. As many as 65 per cent of their fathers regularly drank to excess, and at least 27 per cent of them can be qualified as alcoholics. The percentage of fathers with a criminal record was less than 23 per cent and the majority of these were not persistent offenders. Most of their offences were of a drunk-and-disorderly nature. The subjects’ fathers were by and large persons with a low standard of education and vocational qualifications: only 28 per cent had advanced beyond elementary school, usually to vocational school. Almost all the subjects came from the homes of unskilled or low-skilled labourers. Only a third of their homes were relatively well off. Among a large majority of the fathers (71 per cent) and as much as 45 per cent of the mothers there was evidence of their emotional relationship with their children being inadequate. In the case of 61 per cent of the fathers there was very frequent employment of excessively severe corporal punishment of the subjects. The inquiry also revealed the typical fact that 51 per cent of the brothers of the young adults serving sentences for robbery had (by the time they had completed their tenth birthday) been before the courts and that the same percentage were heavy drinkers. Only in 28 per cent of the homes was there no evidence of frequent excessive drinking and criminal offences by brothers. A comparison of the home environments of the young recidivists convicted of robbery and those convicted of other offences revealed no differences as regards such factors as family structure or alcoholic and criminal parents and siblings (except that the brothers of the robbery offenders had committed more offences of an aggressive nature than the brothers of the persons in the control group). However, marked differences were found in the emotional relationship of parents to children and the practice of severe corporal punishment which was much more frequent in the case of the fathers of the robbery offenders. These are factors which various inquiries have found to be conducive to the formation of aggressive attitudes.

19

Młodociani sprawcy przestępstw o charakterze chuligańskim na terenie Warszawy (próba analizy ekologicznej)

76%

Kossowska A.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1972

|

issue V

191-212

EN

The principal aim of the article is to examine some aspects of the distribution over the area of Warsaw of offences committed by young adults (17-20 years) convicted of acts bearing the nature of hooliganism. The analysis of this question was based on material relating to young convicts resident in Warsaw who had sentenced for offences against the person or against public officials which were ruled by the courts to bear the nature of hooliganism. These young adults were inmates of Warsaw prisons in the years 1967 - 1968. In examining the criminal records of the 493 young adults serving sentences for hooligan offences account was taken of all their convictions between the ages of 17 and 20, i.e. not the offences of a hooligan nature for which they were serving sentences at the time of the inquiry, but also their previous and subsequent convictions before they reached their 21st birthday. It was found that 45 per cent of them had more than one conviction between the ages of 17 and 20; of these recidivists 69 per cent had two convictions and 31 per cent three. It is also worth noting the fact that a third of all the young adults convicted of hooligan offences had, before their 17th birthday, appeared in juvenile courts (usually on stealing charges). Of these 46.4 per cent had been prosecuted once, 16.1 per cent twice, and 37.5 per cent three or more times. As regards the character of the offences of the 224 young adult convicts with more than one conviction since their 17th birthday, it was as follows: – 55 per cent of these recidivists had been convicted solely of offences involving physical aggression (verbal aggression in only a few cases); – 40 per cent for offences involving aggression and at least one offence against property; – 5 per cent for offences involving aggression and other offences, but not against property; A study of the criminal records of these recidivists revealed that in as many as 73 per cent of these cases the offences were solely or chiefly ones of violence (there were only a very few instances of verbal aggression), a fact which merits special attention in view of the typical circumstance that these offences are generally committed while intoxicated. Only rarely, however, did the aggressive offences cause any more serious harm to the victims: among all the offences of this type, grave ones constituted no more than two per cent, or six per cent if robbery is included. Turning now to the ecological analysis of the law-breaking of the young adults convicted of hooligan offences, it should be remarked that the classification of Warsaw’s seven districts (boroughs) according to the incidence of the phenomenon in questions differs fundamentally depending on the frame of reference of the analysis: whether we make the criterion the place where the offence was committed or the place where the offender lives. In terms of the place where the hooligan offences of the young adult group in question were committed, the highest incidence rate was recorded in two districts: Central Warsaw and Northern Praga District. A similar picture emerged from a study of the police records relating to young adults suspected of offences against the person or public officials on the area of Warsaw. These two districts bear a resemblance to each other in certain respects: Central Warsaw is the commercial and entertainments centre of Warsaw, especially its left-bank neighbourhoods and Northern Praga performs the same role for right-bank Warsaw. Both these districts also contain railway stations serving the city’s environs. It is also worth emphasizing that both these districts also have the highest incidence of crime committed by all suspected male adults, not only aggressive offences, but other felonies in general. They also have the highest crime discovery rate. To sum up, it can be seen that the highest incidence of crime is to be found in the districts which are the commercial and entertainments centres of Warsaw. The classification of Warsaw’s districts is different when the factors taken into account relate to the place where the young adults convicted of hooligan offences lived and not where their offences were committed. The first two places are then occupied by Żoliborz and Mokotów, two districts with no specifically distinctive features (and basically of a residential nature). Central Warsaw, in first place as regards the incidence of hooligan offences, drops to last but one among Warsaw’s seven districts as the place of residence of the offenders. Since almost a half of the population in question were recidivists, the question arose whether there were any distinct variations in the percentage of recidivists resident in each district. It was found that a decidedly higher percentage of residents than the average for Warsaw as a whole was a feature of a traditionally industrial district (Wola). It seemed interesting to look into the relationship between the place of residence of the subjects and the place where they committed their offences. A majority of their offences were committed in the same district as they lived, with the percentage for each oscillating between 54.7 and 70.1. Central Warsaw stands out from other districts as one in which the majority of the offences committed within its area were committed by offenders resident elsewhere: only 36.8 per cent of those guilty of offences committed within its area also lived there, whereas the corresponding percentages for other districts run from 62 to 80 per cent. It was also found that each district contains certain neighbourhoods which are the homes of a particularly large number of young adults convicted of hooligan offences. Inquiries into the territorial distribution around Warsaw of various types of crime committed by different age groups are currently being conducted by the Department of Criminology of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

20

PROFILAKTYKA WYKLUCZENIA SPOŁECZNEGO MŁODYCH DOROSŁYCH – ZAŁOŻENIA I PRAKTYKA CENTRUM INTEGRACJI SPOŁECZNEJ „SOS” W SZCZECINIE

75%

Dębińska K., Przytomska E., Piechowiak T.

Polityka Społeczna

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2013

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vol. 40

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issue 2(T) WCZESNA DOROSŁOŚĆ PROBLEMY SPOŁECZNE, RYZYKO I ZASOBY ZDROWOTNE, ZATRUDNIENIE

53-58

EN

The article describes actions taken in the “SOS” Center of Social Integration in Szczecin on behalf of people, who are endangered with social exclusion. The Center itself was established by a “SOS for a family” association in 2009. According to the act of a social employment from 13th of June 2009 (Law Journal from 2009, No 6, paragraph No 33), the center of social integration is an organization unit, which carries out professional and social reintegration. It also runs projects for groups of people, who are endangered with social exclusion or for those, who are already facing it. Main objectives here are to make participants self-sufficient and independent as well as to drive them away from social care. In this article, we give a detailed description of practices and actions taken in the “SOS for a family” Center of Social Integration as well as of one of the projects being carried out for young adults, which was titled “A good start. A psychosocial, educational and professional support for people leaving social care centers.” The analysis of our actions is based on a theory of identity creation by K. Lucykx.

PL

W artykule, opierając się na teorii tworzenia się tożsamości K. Luyckxa, przeprowadzono analizę działań podejmowanych na rzecz osób zagrożonych wykluczeniem społecznym w Centrum Integracji Społecznej „SOS” w Szczecinie. Skupiając się na problematyce wykluczenia młodzieży, opisano projekt profilaktyczny skierowany do młodzieży opuszczającej placówki opiekuńczo-wychowawcze, gdzie ryzyko marginalizacji jest znacznie wyższe.

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