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PL
Celem opracowania było potwierdzenie autentyczności tradycyjnych serów z mleka owczego na podstawie wybranych parametrów fizykochemicznych. Badaniom poddano sery wytwarzane w sposób tradycyjny z mleka owczego oraz z mleka krowiego. Oznaczono kwasowość, zawartość tłuszczu oraz profil kwasów tłuszczowych. Badane sery statystycznie istotnie różniły się zarówno zawartością tłuszczu, jak i kwasowością. Analiza statystyczna wykazała istotność różnic w profilu kwasów tłuszczowych poszczególnych gatunków sera. Stwierdzono statystycznie istotnie wyższą zawartość kwasów tłuszczowych krótkołańcuchowych C4:0–C10:0 (szczególnie kwasu kaprynowego) w serach owczych, a także najniższą zawartość NNKT (C18:2 i C18:3) w serze wyprodukowanym z mleka krowiego. Taki profil kwasów tłuszczowych może wskazywać na brak zafałszowania serów owczych dodatkiem mleka koziego, a zatem potwierdzać ich autentyczność.
EN
The objective of the study was to confirm the authenticity of traditional ewe’s milk cheeses on the basis of selected physical-chemical parameters. The analysis included the traditionally produced cheeses from ewe’s milk, and also cheese made from cow’s milk. The acidity, fat content, and profile of fatty acids were determined, revealing that the cheeses differed significantly in terms of fat content and in their fatty acid profiles. The statistical analysis performed proved that there are significant differences in the fatty acid profiles of individual types of cheeses. It was found that the content of C4:0–C10:0 short-chain fatty acids (in particular capric acid) in the ewe’s milk cheeses was statistically significantly higher than that found in cow’s milk. It was also found that the content of EFA, i.e. essential fatty acid (C18:2 and C18:3), was the lowest in the cheeses produced from the cow’s milk. This specific profile of fatty acids might indicate that ewe’s milk cheeses were not adulterated by the addition of goat’s milk, further confirming the authenticity of the ewe’s milk cheeses.
EN
The paper examines the survival rate of probiotic bacteria in natural cow’s milk bio-yoghurts depending on the pasteurisation variant of raw material and packaging type used. According to FAO/WHO recommendations, the survival rate of probiotic bacteria should not be lower than 106 cfu/ml on the last day of a yoghurt’s expiration date. This probiotic bacteria count constitutes a therapeutic minimum for bio-drinks. The type of packaging applied did not statistically significantly impact the count or the survival rate of probiotic bacteria. The pasteurisation temperature had a statistically significant impact, but only on the survival rate of the B. bifidum genus – the application of a higher temperature favoured the growth of the population of these bacteria. As regards the count of Str. thermophilus, this impact was observed only 12 hours after manufacturing the yoghurt.
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