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Using structural equation modeling to explore the influence of environmental concern on the willingness to pay for green energy and green products – the case of Poland

100%
Michalak S., Bartkowiak P., Stachowiak-Krzyżan M.
Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych
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2024
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vol. 53
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issue 3
1-24
PL
Troska o zrównoważony rozwój środowiska naturalnego jest obszarem rosnącego zainteresowania na całym świecie. Problemy środowiskowe mogą mieć różny wpływ na jednostki i społeczeństwo. Zachowania proekologiczne nie odnoszą się tylko do praktyk konsumenckich i motywacji do przyjęcia bardziej zrównoważonego stylu życia, ale mogą również obejmować konkretne decyzje zakupowe. Celem głównym artykułu jest określenie postaw Polaków wobec zachowań proekologicznych, w szczególności: troski o środowisko (KE), promowanie w swoim otoczeniu proekologicznych zachowań (PPB), przekonania, że Polska powinna zrezygnować z węgla (MAFC) oraz gotowości do ponoszenia dodatkowych kosztów (WTP). W artykule omówiono wyniki badania przeprowadzonego w 2023 roku na próbie 554 polskich respondentów. W doborze próby badawczej zastosowano metodę nielosowego doboru. W procesie analizy wyników wykorzystano konfirmacyjną analizę czynnikową (CFA) oraz modelowanie równań strukturalnych (SEM). Wyniki wskazują, że na promowanie w swoim otoczeniu proekologicznych zachowań (PPB) wpływała troska o środowisko (EC). Ustalono, że na przekonanie, że Polska powinna zrezygnować z węgla (MAFC) wpływa troska o środowisko (EC) i promowanie w swoim otoczeniu proekologicznych zachowań (PPB). Dodatkowo na gotowość do ponoszenia dodatkowych kosztów (WTP) wpływało promowanie w swoim otoczeniu proekologicznych zachowań (PPB) oraz przekonanie, że Polska powinna zrezygnować z węgla (MAFC). Wyniki badania wskazują, że EC nie wpływa znacząco na WTP. Do weryfikacji hipotez wykorzystano model równań strukturalnych, którego rzetelność potwierdzono wskaźnikami dopasowania – m.in.: CMIN/df = 2.542 (<3.0), RMSEA = 0.053 (<0.08) i CFI = 0.985 (>0.90).
EN
Concern for the sustainability of the natural environment is garnering increasing interest across the globe. Environmental issues may significantly impact individuals and societies in various ways, such as by influencing behaviors aimed at adopting more sustainable lifestyles and making eco-friendly purchasing decisions. This study investigates the attitudes of Polish consumers towards pro-environmental behaviors, specifically focusing on environmental concern (EC), promoting pro-environmental behavior (PPB), the belief that Poland should move away from coal (MAFC), and willingness to pay (WTP). Data on these variables were collected in 2023 from a sample of 554 Polish respondents selected using a non-random sampling method. Results were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings revealed that environmental concern (EC) influences promoting pro-environmental behavior (PPB) and that both EC and PPB affect the belief that Poland should move away from coal (MAFC). Additionally, promoting pro-environmental behavior (PPB) and MAFC were found to influence willingness to pay (WTP). However, EC was not found to have a significant direct impact on WTP. The hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model, validated by such fit indices as CMIN/df = 2.542 (<3.0), RMSEA = 0.053 (<0.08) and CFI = 0.985 (>0.90).
2
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Motives for and barriers to the use of electric moped scooter sharing services

100%
Bartkowiak P., Michalak S., Młodzik M.
Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych
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2021
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vol. 42
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issue 4
17-34
EN
In line with the concept of sustainable development, changes in various forms of urban transport have been observed over the past few years, and the implementation of low-emission transport solutions is becoming a priority for local government. One of the key changes observed worldwide taking place on the urban transport market is the dynamic development of various forms of shared micro-mobility. One of these forms are electric moped scooter sharing services and despite their rapid growth in popularity, the existing research contributions on determinants of the use of this micro-mobility mode are limited to only a few studies. The goal of this paper is to advance knowledge regarding the motives and barriers to the use of electric moped scooter sharing services. The paper discusses the results of a study that was carried out in 2021 on a sample of 352 Polish users of electric moped scooter sharing services. The most important reasons for using these services included the convenience of this mobility mode and no city parking costs. The biggest barriers in choosing this micro-mobility mode for Polish consumers were those related to the safety of use.
3
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The relationship between the reorganization of higher education institutions' operations in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic and student loyalty

100%
Sojkin B., Bartkowiak P., Michalak S.
Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych
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2024
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vol. 54
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issue 4
65-91
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the nature of the relationship between the reorganization of higher education institutions in Poland, including the quality of online class delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, and student loyalty - using the Net Promoter Score (NPS). Given the sudden transition to online learning, HEIs faced challenges in delivering educational continuity, with varying degrees of success across institutions. The study was conducted on a sample of 2,832 Polish students. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the main components were identified for various variables pertaining to the functioning, organization, and delivery of online classes, as well as for aspects associated with university operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of administrative and organizational support, as well as technical and didactic assistance during the pandemic, universities were rated relatively highly. However, respondents held a slightly less favorable view of the atmosphere and practical value of online classes. The lowest ratings were given to the offerings for professional and academic development. Our findings also indicate a higher satisfaction among female and part-time students, and a positive correlation between administrative efficiency and student loyalty. The analysis also reveals that first-year students and graduate-level participants displayed higher loyalty, while loyalty tended to decrease with the length of study. In the area of student loyalty, the analysis of NPS indicates that first-year undergraduate students and graduate students exhibit a higher level of loyalty – the NPS values were positive, although overall relatively low. Regarding the factors influencing loyalty, the strongest correlations with student loyalty were observed in the case of the administrative and organizational efficiency of the university and the technical and didactic support in remote education – higher correlation values were recorded for female students and part-time students. These findings highlight critical areas for HEIs to address in enhancing stu-dent satisfaction and loyalty in a rapidly changing educational environment.
4
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Exploring Polish students' perceptions of online education during the COVID-19 pandemic and its correlation with student loyalty

100%
Sojkin B., Bartkowiak P., Michalak S.
Marketing i Rynek
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2024
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issue 10
3-14
PL
Pandemia COVID-19 stanowiła istotne wyzwanie dla uniwersytetów, ich władz, kadry naukowej i studentów na całym świecie, wymagając szybkiej adaptacji do bezprecedensowej sytuacji. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje, jak studenci oceniają organizację i realizację zajęć online w trzech typach polskich instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego: uniwersytetach ekonomicznych, wydziałach zarządzania na uniwersytetach oraz wydziałach zarządzania na politechnikach. Badanie przeprowadzono metodą wywiadu internetowego wspomaganego komputerowo (CAWI) na próbie 2832 uczestników. Wyniki badania sugerują, że do najwyżej ocenianych aspektów należały: dostęp do konsultacji online, dostępność materiałów dydaktycznych oraz wspierająca postawa wykładowców. Natomiast najniżej oceniane elementy to udział praktyków biznesu w zajęciach online, przyswajanie wiedzy podczas nauki zdalnej oraz oferta wykładów otwartych. Analiza wariancji wykazała statystycznie istotne różnice między badanymi grupami studentów. Ponadto oceniono prawdopodobieństwo polecania uczelni znajomym lub kolegom. Wyniki pokazały przewagę promotorów nad krytykami w ogólnej grupie badanych, a także wśród studentów uniwersytetów ekonomicznych, gdzie wskaźnik Net Promoter Score (NPS) był pozytywny.
EN
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for universities, their leadership, faculty, and students globally, necessitating rapid adaptation to an unprecedented situation. This paper examines how students evaluate the organization and execution of online classes at three types of Polish higher education institutions: economics universities, management faculties at universities and management faculties within technical universities. The study employed the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) method, with a sample of 2,832 participants. The results of our study suggest that the most positively rated aspects included access to online consultations, the availability of course materials, and the supportive attitudes of instructors. Conversely, the lowest-rated aspects were the involvement of business practitioners in online classes, knowledge assimilation during remote learning, and the offering of open lectures. An analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences among the surveyed student groups. Furthermore, the likelihood of students recommending their institutions to peers was assessed. The results showed a prevalence of promoters over detractors in the overall sample, with economics universities displaying a positive Net Promoter Score (NPS).
5
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Motives for the usage of collaborative fashion consumption online platforms

88%
Michalak S., Bartkowiak P., Ankiel M., Olejniczak T., Stachowiak-Krzyżan M.
Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych
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2022
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vol. 44
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issue 2
41-66
EN
In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in consumer interest in participating in the sharing economy. One of the markets in which this is particularly visible is the clothing market. Dynamic technological progress and the virtualisation of life have contributed to the creation of applications with which consumers can buy, exchange or borrow clothes. The use of this type of application is treated as a manifestation of sustainable consumption. The main aim of the article is to determine the influence of selected motives on the attitudes towards these applications and their use. The article discusses the results of the research conducted in 2021 on a sample of 412 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used in the process of analysing the results. The research results suggest that the most important motives for using the discussed applications were economic and utility, with their impact on attitudes towards these applications and the willingness to use them confirmed. Social motives turned out to be the lowest-rated group of determinants. Moreover, their negative impact on both attitudes towards the application and the willingness to use it was confirmed. Ecological motives turned out to be relatively important determinants of using the discussed solutions. Their influence on attitudes towards the application and consumption behaviour was confirmed.
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