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Konteksty Społeczne
|
2016
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
42–53
EN
Facebook groups enable their members access to diverse resources symbolic and material, scarce and free, exhaustible or renewable. Depending on the group’s objective, resources are co-used, gifted, bartered, swapped, freecycled or sold (bought) by users responding to the needs of others or satisfying their own needs. Based on posts collected through the Facebook’s Application Programming Interface (API), this study examines sharing of resources among Polish immigrants in Germany, Norway and United Kingdom, belonging to the public Facebook groups. Findings suggest that the most important resource shared by members of Polish immigrant groups on Facebook is job-related information. Moreover, Facebook groups appear to be a popular selling tool and less effective sharing space for Polish immigrants in Germany, Norway and UK. However, some sharing economy models such as freecycling, swapping and bartering are identified based on Facebook posts.
2
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Nowa geopolityka sieciowa

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EN
The aim of the paper is to identify key factors constituting the frame of the new geopolitics. This objective will be accomplished through applying some aspects of the network approach widely use in contemporary social sciences. Use of the network metaphor enables us to capture the essence of processes and phenomena shaping the external and internal environment of political, economical and social institutions participating in global exchange. In the modern world, networks are often used as the exchange platforms enabling dynamic move of goods, ideas, values etc. Deeply involved in this exchange are: states, transnational corporations, criminal groups, terrorist networks, nongovernmental organizations, global social movements and citizens organized in various associations, clubs, and unions. All of these actors meet together on interrelated planes, participating in ephemeral and permanent, single and repeated acts of exchange. Networks completely re-define the crucial concepts of traditional geopolitics. The new global reality is made of dynamic networks of power arising in economic, political, religious, criminal, charity and terrorist fields. Network approach allows scientists to capture dynamics of global order, complexity of exchange between various categories of global actors, formation and evolution of international alliances made between formal and informal power holders.
EN
Tracing back the long history of money, we can identify crucial stages in its evolutionary development. Content of money has been structured by the process of civilizational change and growth. Money participated in every phenomenon characterizing humanity, social experience and social actions. It links individuals and groups, local, regional and global communities dispersed all over the world. Money ignores boundaries dividing reality and virtuality. It releases extreme emotions and behaviours e.g. jealousy, fear, love, desire, struggle, swank or extravagance. On the one hand, money is often considered as a significant power dynamizing the modern societies. On the other hand, its form and content is perceived as a consequence of complex social processes triggered by technological, political or cultural trends appearing in modern societies. Global financial crisis heavily struck the European economies. In the network world made of different scale entities tied together into global organism, financial disease spreads immediately and affects all actors involved in the global exchange of material and non-material goods. Problems of sub-prime market in US were instantly transmitted to Europe and other parts of the world belonging to the global financial organism. The impact of global financial crisis has been very visible in the European Union. EU legislators failed to prevent or contain the financial crisis. As a consequence some EU economies fell into fiscal troubles boiling up the socio-political atmosphere in Europe and other parts of the world. European fiscal problems caused by the network money diffusion froze the pace of social, cultural but also political (the view from below) integration. Utter concentration on the financial issues limited the ability of the lower level actor e.g. self-governments, NGOs, citizens to act in order to reinforce the EU institutions and its horizontal policies. In order to understand and tackle sources and consequences of global and regional crises it is necessary to reconstruct social theories describing the modern world.
EN
Tracing back the long history of money, we can identify crucial stages in its evolutionary development. Content of money has been structured by the process of civilizational change and growth. Money participated in every phenomenon characterizing humanity, social experience and social actions. It links individuals and groups, local, regional and global communities dispersed all over the world. Money ignores boundaries dividing reality and virtuality. It releases extreme emotions and behaviours e.g. jealousy, fear, love, desire, struggle, swank or extravagance. On the one hand, money is often considered as a significant power dynamizing the modern societies. On the other hand, its form and content is perceived as a consequence of complex social processes triggered by technological, political or cultural trends appearing in modern societies. Global financial crisis heavily struck the European economies. In the network world made of different scale entities tied together into global organism, financial disease spreads immediately and affects all actors involved in the global exchange of material and non-material goods. Problems of sub-prime market in US were instantly transmitted to Europe and other parts of the world belonging to the global financial organism. The impact of global financial crisis has been very visible in the European Union. EU legislators failed to prevent or contain the financial crisis. As a consequence some EU economies fell into fiscal troubles boiling up the socio-political atmosphere in Europe and other parts of the world. European fiscal problems caused by the network money diffusion froze the pace of social, cultural but also political (the view from below) integration. Utter concentration on the financial issues limited the ability of the lower level actor e.g. self-governments, NGOs, citizens to act in order to reinforce the EU institutions and its horizontal policies. In order to understand and tackle sources and consequences of global and regional crises it is necessary to reconstruct social theories describing the modern world.
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