The paper presents the construction and use of a free word association test for revealing the scientific conceptual structures of 8th grade students, concerning geographical and environmental stimulus words. The test contains eight stimulus words, which retrieve a cluster of associations most of which are based on geographical and environmental education and are studied as associated. Four groups of students from four schools – two in Turkey and two in Bulgaria are comparatively assessed and the results analyzed. Variables, concerning the social status of students and their interest in geography and environment are compared and differences between them are outlined.
The development of outbound tourism from Poland to Turkey after 2010 can be divided into three periods. The first one is connected with a stable increase in the number of departures. The second period includes the growth in the number of trips which served as a replacement for vacations in Greece, Egypt or Tunisia. The last period started in 2014, when the number of visitors rapidly declined as the result of terrorist attacks and the military coup in Turkey. Due to concerns about the security after numerous terrorist attacks, the traditional destinations of Polish tourism such as France and Morocco lost their popularity. There was the inexorable decline in trust toward countries such as Egypt and in particular Turkey, where the numbers of tourists fell by 63% after the terrorist attacks and military coup. In first half of 2015 we have about 209.2 thous. Polish tourists in Turkey, and in 2016, the same time, only 82.7 thous. what gives decrease of nearly 60.5%. Undoubtedly, the tightening of internal policies after the unsuccessful military coup will deepen the decline in interest in Turkey by Polish visitors.
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