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Spór o białorutenizację Kościoła katolickiego na Białorusi

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Dworzecka J.

Collectanea Theologica

2016

vol. 86

issue 2

115-139

Belorussification is explained as the process of change of direction of thelocal Roman Catholic Church from Polish national to Belarussian. It aimsto becoming an independent Church as the religious standalone institutionon the area of the autonomous Republic of Belarus. In practice it primarilymeans the change of the language used in the local Church. It causes anopposition on the part of the faithful (mainly from the older generation)and the Union of Poles in Belarus.The dispute about belorussification incorporates political, identity, historicaland practical issues. The Synod of the Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev,Pinsk and Vitebsk in 2000 ordained both languages (Polish and Belarussian)as languages of the Roman Catholic Church in dioceses participating inthe synod in Belarus. It depends on priests’ decision in what language theycommunicate with faithful and celebrate the church liturgical services.Basically the priests want to fulfill their role as pastors and hence theychoose the language suitable to communicate with the faithful – Belarussianand even Russian, whereas Polish is used for prayers only where it isexplicitly mentioned. The choice made by them is not dictated by politicalorganizations, but it is the conscious and calculated decision consideringthe neeeds of the faithful, the political correctness and personal attitudetowards missionary work.The paper is an attempt to respond to the accusation of Roman Dzwonkowski,Ewa Golachowska and Zdzisław Winnicki who claim that the churchesat present have become a tool of belorussification of Poles, in particularchildren and teenagers, by the clergy which has come from Poland. Thesubject raised in this thesis aims at explaining the decision of the priestswho choose belorussification, by taking into account their perspective andthe historical-political context.

Polska i białoruska tożsamość Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego na Białorusi. Historia a współczesne dylematy

100%

Dworzecka J.

Studia Białorutenistyczne

2018

vol. 12

This article discusses the complex identity of the Catholic Church in Belarus. It constitutes a response to the voices of several researchers postulating that the local Catholic Church declare itself part of the Polish nation. The author reflects on the possibility itself of a religion – whether as an institution or as a community of believers – having a national identity, and on how this issue is present in Belarus. Based on different theories regarding social identity, and on anthropological field research, conducted among priests and Belarusian Catholics in the years 2013–2017, she attempts to prove the coexistence of two non-exclusive national identities of the Church in Belarus, i.e. Belarusian and Polish. The author thus stands up to the critical voices blaming the ecclesial institutions for either the Belarutenization or the Polonization of their believers. According to the author, the perception of identity as variable and complex, i.e. composed of numerous affiliations, is a prerequisite for the reconciliation of the Polish and Belarusian identities of the Church without the necessity of choosing one of them – a concept compatible with the main attribute of the Catholic Church being its universality.

Artykuł porusza problem złożonej tożsamości Kościoła katolickiego na Białorusi. Jest on odpowiedzią na głosy niektórych polskich badaczy domagających się, aby Kościół lokalny opowiedział się za przynależnością do narodu polskiego. Autorka rozważa w nim, czy w ogóle możliwe jest posiadanie przez konfesję traktowaną jako instytucję, ale także wspólnotę wiernych, tożsamości narodowej oraz w jaki sposób problem ten obecny jest w Kościele na Białorusi. Odwołując się do różnych teorii społecznych tożsamości, a także antropologiczne badania terenowe, które prowadziła wśród kapłanów i białoruskich katolików w latach 2013–2017, stara się dowieść, iż na omawianym terenie miała okazję obserwować występowanie dwóch niewykluczających się tożsamości narodowych Kościoła: białoruskiej i polskiej. Tym samym przeciwstawia się krytycznym głosom, oskarżającym instytucje kościelne o białorutenizację lub polonizację wiernych. Według autorki dopiero skorygowanie sposobu postrzegania tożsamości jako zmiennej i złożonej z licznych przynależności pozwala pogodzić polską i białoruską tożsamość Kościoła bez konieczności dokonywania wyboru jednej z nich, co jest zgodne z głównym atrybutem Kościoła, za jaki uznano jego powszechność.

Артыкул разглядае праблему складанай ідэнтычнасці каталіцкага касцёла на Беларусі. Гэта рэакцыя на выказванні некаторых польскіх даследчыкаў, якія патрабуюць, каб мясцовы касцёл заявіў пра сваю прыналежнасць да польскага народа. Аўтар разважае, ці наогул магчыма, каб канфесія як інстытуцыя, але адначасова і супольнасць вернікаў, магла мець нацыянальную ідэнтычнасць, а таксама ў якой ступені гэтая праблема датычыць касцёла на Беларусі. На падставе розных тэорый ідэнтычнасці, а таксама ўласных антрапалагічных палявых даследаванняў, якія праводзіліся сярод святароў і беларускіх католікаў у перыяд 2013–2017 гг., аўтар прагне даказаць, што на даследаванай тэрыто- рыі суіснуюць дзве нацыянальныя ідэнтычнасці каталіцкіх вернікаў, яны не выключаюць сябе ўзаемна: беларуская і польская. Такім чынам, вынікі даследавання абвяргаюць крытычныя меркаванні, у якіх інстытуцыя касцёла абвінавачваецца ў беларусіфікацыі або паланізацыі католікаў. Паводле аўтара, толькі карэкта спосабу разумення ідэнтычнасці як зменнай і складзенай са шматлікіх элементаў прыналежнасці дазваляе прыняць адначасова польскую і беларускую ідэнтычнасць касцёла без неабходнасці абавязкова выбіраць адну сярод іх. Выказаная выснова адпавядае галоўнай характэрнай рысе Царкве ўвогуле, менавіта, яе ўсеагульнасці.

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1 Collectanea Theologica

1 Studia Białorutenistyczne

2 Dworzecka J.

1 2018

1 2016

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Spór o białorutenizację Kościoła katolickiego na Białorusi

Polska i białoruska tożsamość Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego na Białorusi. Historia a współczesne dylematy