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  1. 4 Filozofia (Philosophy)

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  1. 3 Olejník M.

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1
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Vznik kosovsko-metochijské autonomie a problémy jejího rozvoje do roku 1966

100%
Stepanek V.
Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)
|
2009
|
vol. 34
95-124
EN
Paper was dedicated to less known history of the first double-decade of Kosovo and Metohija autonomy. It describes the origin of autonomy, uprising since 1943 in minds of Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPY) leaders, analyses the limits for its functioning emphasizing the fact, that during the first two decades the whole sphere was managed by Yugoslav Secret Police. The paper elucidates the influence of general assembly of the Central Committee (CC) of the KPY, which took place at Brioni, 'disclosing' deformations in Secret Police activities. This resulted in loosening of circumstances even in south Serbian province and its unprecedented advancement. The author stems from extensive secondary literature, predominantly of Serbian (but also Croatian, American, etc.) provenance; however, the roots are represented by studying the primary resources. Subject matter concerns both official documents of the KPY, and documents from the archive of the League of Communists of Serbia (LCS), being kept in the Archive of Serbia located in Belgrade. Especially archive funds of the LCS CC, treasuring the documents of Investigation Commissions established by LCS CC after the Brioni general assembly.
2
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AGAINST COERCIVE PATERNALISM: A CASE FOR SOFT PATERNALISM AND THE PRESERVATION OF AUTONOMY

100%
Wedekind P.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2020
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vol. 9
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issue 2
5 – 15
EN
The article opposes the rejection of autonomy in favour of coercive paternalism. Based on the thought of especially John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, and Joel Feinberg, it suggests that autonomy as an ideal, a moral capacity, and a foundational principle in liberal democracies must not be surrendered for a doctrine of benevolent coercion. The arguments are equally concerned with the justifications for coercion, the value of autonomy and moral agency, and the dangers of paternalism (e.g. infantilization). The article concludes that Mill’s soft paternalism based on the harm principle could serve as a reasonable middle-ground allowing for the most severe types of self-harming behaviour to be avoided without surrendering autonomy altogether.
3
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AUTONOMIE A HETERONOMIE JAKO SPOLEČENSKO-POLITICKÉ HODNOTY NA PŘELOMU 2. A 3. TISÍCILETÍ

100%
Vencálek J.
Annales Scientia Politica
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 2
87 – 92
EN
Dynamic social processes of the beginning of the 3rd millennium are linked with a myriad of fundamental changes in the behaviour of human entities. The concept of linear causal perception of social relations is not considered to be sufficient any more. The need for complexity in the perception of evolutionary intricacy of current processes is associated with the need to understand the functional interdependence of autonomous and heterogeneous aspects of socio-political values. By recognizing layering of autonomous processes in time-space levels we are approaching the concept of fractal organization of society.
4
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Młodzież a przystosowanie się do otoczenia

100%
Olszak-Krzyżanowska B.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2010
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vol. 36
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issue 1
81-93
EN
This work is concerned with the complicated process of building young people's relations with the surrounding world. Analyzing this process, I tried to show possibly many factors influencing adolescents' assimilation and adaptation processes in relation to the living space. These include personality, identity, and orientation. I also present the constructed typology of people who are focused on themselves as well as those who are concentrated on and oriented towards others. During the process of constructing this typology, I took into account the type of personalities, interactions, relations to social norms, life orientation, and the feeling of identity.
5

AUTONOMISM IN UKRAINE AS A MECHANISM OF REALIZATION OF POLITIAL INTERESTS (Avtonomizm v Ukraini yak mechanism realizatsii politychnykh interesiv)

100%
Zotkin A.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2010
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issue 3
84-111
EN
The author considers in detail the attitude of political subjects and regional communities to decentralization of state power. Texts of the programs of political parties and a discourse of political applications of representatives of different political forces have been analyzed. Special attention is concentrated on the analysis of results of the population inquiries concerning the expansion of rights of the regions and local communities. The results permit speaking about specificity of decentralization estimation (as political interest) by political subjects and regional communities. If for the former rather separate components of power decentralization are of practical interest than federation of the country as a whole. Then for population of a number of regions the autonomism is rather the self-defense. The autonomistic interests, more expressed in certain regions, are determined by the external (attitude to the union of Ukraine with Russia and Belarus, prospects of joining NATO) and language factors. But results of the inquiry of people from AP of the Crimea permit supposing that the autonomy in the Crimea is not the efficient mechanism for realization of interests of the Crimean regional community.
6

SELF-ORGANIZATION, AUTOPOIESIS, FREE-ENERGY PRINCIPLE AND AUTONOMY

100%
Negru T.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2018
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vol. 25
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issue 2
215 - 243
EN
The aim of this paper is to extend the discussion on the free-energy principle (FEP), from the predictive coding theory, which is an explanatory theory of the brain, to the problem of autonomy of self-organizing living systems. From the point of view of self-organization of living systems, FEP implies that biological organisms, due to the systemic coupling with the world, are characterized by an ongoing flow of exchanging information and energy with the environment, which has to be controlled in order to maintain the integrity of the organism. In terms of dynamical system theory, this means that living systems have a dynamic state space, which can be configured by the way they control the free-energy. In the process of controlling their free-energy and modelling of the state space, an important role is played by the anticipatory structures of the organisms, which would reduce the external surprises and adjust the behaviour of the organism by anticipating the changes in the environment. In this way, in the dynamic state space of a living system new behavioural patterns emerge enabling new degrees of freedom at the level of the whole. Thus, the author ś aim in this article is to explain how FEP, as a principle of self-organization of living system, contributes to the configuring of the state space of an organism and the emergence of new degrees of freedom, both important in the process of gaining and maintaining the autonomy of a living organism.
7

Autonomia świata a podmiotowość człowieka w ekoteologii

100%
Horowski J.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 1
117-131
EN
One of the most difficult problems, which is to be solved by contemporary culture, is the ecological problem. It concerns the culture, because the hedonistic and consumerist mentality of man plays an important part in it. Biocentrism states that the ecological problem results from traditional Western attitudes to the non-human world based on the belief that humans are the central and most significant entities in the universe. Biocentrism puts forward a teleological argument for the protection of the environment. It indicates that non-human species have inherent value as well and each organism has a purpose and a reason for being, which should be respected. Biocentrism states that the anthropocentric attitude to the non-human world results from the Christian worldview based on the Bible where it is written that God gives man dominion over all creatures. The author analyses the main issues of the Catholic concept of relationship between the human being and other creatures. He indicates that ecothology respects the inherent value of non-human creatures because, as the Pastoral constitution on the Church in the modern world Gaudium et spes says: “all things are endowed with their own stability, truth, goodness, proper laws and order”, but maintains that the purpose of the world is connected with its relationship to God. The author considers also what is the human subjectivity in behaving towards the environment and what is the dependence between the autonomy of the world and the subjectivity of man in ecotheology. In the end the author comes to the conclusion that according to ecotheology the ecological problem results from the broken relationship between the human and God and in consequence of it the broken relationship between the world and God.
8

PRIVILEGOVANÝ POHĽAD

100%
Rozemberg A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 8
631-641
EN
What happens with the thought, in which suddenly 'horror alieni' breaks out? This question will be discussed in the context of (not only) Emmanuel Levinas' philosophy. This papper is an attempt to approach several problems related with the philosophy of the Other, including the problem of separate world, anaesthesiological strategies of the subject, the close relationship between thinking and pleasure, autonomy as the principle of pleasure etc. Considering the main parts and motives of Levinas' philosophy, this paper will try to reveal several controversies in this 'difficult, contentious thinking'.
9
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Prejavy autonomizmu na Sibiři roku 1917

100%
Harbulova L.
Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)
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2007
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vol. 32
259-271
EN
Geographical location, specifics of economic development and administration formed a convenient basis for autonomous up to separatist spirits between the intelligentsia. They obtained more particular shape in terms of Siberian regional movement, which became spread in Siberia in the 19th century. The February Revolution in 1917 was a signal for the supporters of Siberian autonomy. The first Siberian Regional Congress in October 1917 and extraordinary General Regional Congress in December that determined to form independent authorities - Siberian Regional Council and Siberian Regional Duma - became breaking moments for realization of autonomous ideas in Siberia. But events which took place in Siberia in 1917 manifested that Siberian regional movement is weak and cannot form particular programme of regional autonomy. Representatives of some political parties in Siberia implemented this idea and it became relevant for the following development in 1918.
10

MOMENTOUS HISTORIC EVENTS IN THE MODERN CZECHOSLOVAK HISTORY AND THEIR PLACE IN THE IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF PRE-WAR CZECHOSLOVAKIA

100%
Olejník M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2009
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vol. 12
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issue 2
-
EN
The article is a summary of celebration of the 28th October 1918 and Pittsburgh agreement in Slovakia in epoch of the pre-Munich Czechoslovakia. Representatives of the Czechoslovak Republic accentuated the consolidation of the state position. Besides security and economic factors, ideological justification of state played very important role in minds of his citizens as well as abroad. Important historical events, which had determining importance for formation of Czechoslovakia, had unchangeable function in this process. And these were the 28th October 1918 and Pittsburgh agreement.
11
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POLITICAL PARTIES' AUTONOMY AND AN INTERNAL DEMOCRACY ISSUE (Autonomia partii politycznych a problem demokracji wewnetrznej)

100%
Sulkowski J.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2011
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issue 3(104)
73-89
EN
Political parties' autonomy is a constitutionally protected value, however the scope of its protection cannot ignore the political reality, particularly the constant erosion of traditional functions of political parties. Currently, it seems that internal democracy has become an absolute prerequisite for the performance by political groups of their role in conformity with the Constitution. Internal party democracy might be considered to be as important for the functioning of political parties as party autonomy. Therefore, the legislature should adopt laws providing for guarantees of rights of party members, governing - inter alia - the procedure in disciplinary matters and allowing for recourse to the court in such cases. The principle of party autonomy does not justify leaving the issue of expelling a party member within the scope of internal party regulations (statutes), as it would lead to arbitrariness on the part of political groups. The voluntary nature of association in political parties implies an obligation to provide citizens with legal recourse against arbitrary deprivation of rights ensuing from party membership. The possibility to contest substantial internal party decisions before the courts by party members should be supported. It is also well considering that decisions of party authorities be made public, e.g. on the Internet web-pages of a political group. Public access to such documents would facilitate wider debate and prevent, even partly, the arbitrary practices of party leaders.
12
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Zrušení kosovské autonomie: Zásadní mezník na cestě k nezávislosti Kosova

100%
Stepanek V.
Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)
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2007
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vol. 32
351-361
EN
Serbian campaign to preserve Kosovo within the territory of Serbian state, taking place in connection with the negotiations on new statute of Kosovo, operates with various models of autonomy. Actual plan, how to provide 'symbiosis' with Kosovo without violating the territorial integrity of Serbia, however, may not exist in practice, because the possibility of existence the autonomous Kosovo within the framework of Serbia was entombed by the policy of Slobodan Milosevic at the end of 80th and beginning of 90th of the 20th century. The most significant output of this policy was the novelization of Serbian constitution, taking place in March 1989, which resulted in dismissal of broad autonomy for the Kosovo, provided to Kosovo through Yugoslavian constitution dated 1974. Essay described the events accompanying the above mentioned novelization. We draw attention to multi-partial political system in Kosovo, as well as all the effort of Kosovo-Albanian establishment to face the pressure from official Serbian bodies.
13
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THE ROAD TO NATIONAL IDENTITY: SUBCARPATHIAN RUS ON THE EVE OF WWI AND IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

100%
Jarnecki M.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2005
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issue 27
101-117
EN
In the 19th and in first half of the 20th centuries the area that would come to be known as Subcarpathian Rus was one of the most backward regions of Europe. Although Ruthenians made up the majority of the population, Hungarians had dominated there for a very long time. The first signs of the Ruthenians' national awakening appeared in the mid-19th century (1848/49). Some showed a Russophile orientation based on the belief that Ruthenians formed a separate part of the Russian nation. Greek Catholic priests were prominent amongst Ruthenian activists. In the second half of the 19th century there was a phase of intensive 'Magyarization' throughout the Hungarian lands. Local groups of intellectuals loyal to Budapest were called 'Magyarons'. However, authorities also tolerated new local options: among them a Ukrainian orientation which suggested that Ruthenians were a separate nation (neither Russians nor Ukrainians). The Hungarian elite considered their main enemy to be the Russophiles. After WWI Subcarpathian Rus was incorporated into the Czechoslovak Republic. The new government feared Hungarian irredentism and harassed this ethnic group with administrative methods. This left no-Hungarian ethnic options open to Ruthenians. Prague was not consistent in this matter: it preferred the Ukrainian orientation, next the Russophiles, and finally the 'Ruthenians' ('Rusnacs'). The rivalry between the Ukrainians and the Russophiles for the 'rule of souls' was bitter. They particularly argued about the language to be used at schools. Religious conflict between the Orthodox and Greek Catholic was also common. The Czech authorities failed to introduce autonomy to the region in 1919. Therefore, the government was attacked both by the Russophile and Ukrainian separatists. In 1938, after the Munich Conference, the weakened Czechoslovak Republic granted Sub- Carpathia autonomy. The local government soon became dominated by the Ukrainians. This process ended with the Hungarian occupation in March 1939. Despite the dilatory sometimes cynical and centralistic politics of Prague in 1919-1938, the process of national identification subsequently accelerated with the approval of the Third Reich.
14
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TREEDOM IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD (Wolnosc we wspólczesnym swiecie)

100%
Pilch W.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2009
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issue 1(330)
15-38
EN
The problem of freedom in the contemporary world is no longer a question of independence. 'Contemporary' freedom resembles a continuous and repeatedly undertaken process of dialogical agreement between parties to a debate, e.g. supranational communities, states, or other subjects of public life, such as institutions and associations. Freedom also pertains to relations and bonds, so it has to do with the 'relational' matter that unites people. It consists in creating and building, and so cannot be labeled as a fact. To struggle for freedom today means to seek and find possibilities of communication, agreement and consensus. Autonomy, sovereignty and solidarity between people are therefore the fundamental correlates of freedom. Only an agent (e.g. a person or state) strong in one's autonomy and independent in one's reasons (interests, rights), self-conscious and responsible, can create bonds and relations of solidarity, which means such bonds and relations that social activity is directed towards a common good and becomes a value in itself, a value of people's public life.
15
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CATALAN NATIONALISM (Nacjonalizm katalonski)

88%
Antczak A.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2009
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issue 35
113-126
EN
The article aims at presenting the sources of Catalan nationalism as well as its evolution, putting strong emphasis on social, economic and cultural characteristics of the region. It tackles some historic aspects of building national identity of the Catalans, but mostly focuses on factors determining Catalan nationalist ideology (i.e., including language and culture, economy, foreign policy and social issues). Conducted research and analysis gives strong basis to draw a conclusion that Catalan aspirations for autonomy lack a separatist element. They are rather dominated by affirmation of separate national identity, which is a result of Catalan ambition to play the most important role in Spain as well as to trace the path of development for the whole country according to the Catalan concept. Economic advancement generates the desire to possess more influence on Spanish policy, especially in the field of economy and the EU matters. Catalonia shows strong 'individualism' and would like to have a possibility of holding independent decision making processes, especially concerning the region, as there is the conviction about being exploited by the rest of the country, which has its roots in the history.
16

OTÁZKA KOMUNITY V KOMUNITARISTICKOM A TRADIČNOM (VNÚTROKOMUNITNOM) DISKURZE

88%
Egyed P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 2
155-165
EN
The starting point of the following considerations is the assumption that philosophical communitarian discourse as well as the juridical discourse about communitarian rights represent two sides of the same phenomenon. When the European Union was founded, the ideological basis of the liberal democracies, concerning human and individual rights, seemed to be insufficient. Therefore we need to return to the communitarian elements of culture and tradition that will ensure real autonomy.
17
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Różne spojrzenia na autonomię przekładu

88%
Kucała D.
Studia Iberystyczne
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2009
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vol. 8
149-159
EN
The article shows different views on the autonomy of translation in relation to the original text. At first, translation is regarded as a separate entity, a distinct text, functioning in a different cultural sphere (both geographically and linguistically) and often at a different age. Therefore it has a different recipient. Its autonomy is manifested in its multiplicity and recurrence, in the possibility of occurrence of new translations. The stages of creating the original and translation are also different. The autonomy of the translation depends on the attitude of the translator who has at his disposal different methods of work on the original text and different ways of interpreting it although the results of his efforts exist only in relation to the original text.
18

Wolna wola w świetle badań współczesnej psychologii nad procesami samoregulacji oraz samokontroli

88%
Kadzikowska-Wrzosek R.
Psychologia Społeczna
|
2010
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vol. 5
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issue 4(15)
330-344
EN
The article introduces current attempts, in contemporary psychology, to respond to the phenomenon of free will. Psychologists, who believe that determinism excludes free will, adopt a different definition of free will, than those psychologists, who believe that it is possible to reconcile determinism with freedom of will. The first, freedom of the will involve with the belief of individuals that they could have acted differently than they did, and treat this belief to be illusory. Others will define freedom as freedom from coercion and mainly show the possibilities of individuals in the scope of action and self-control, which allow the realization of their goals and objectives (Bandura, 2008). Simultaneously conducted research confirms that the lack of pressure and coercion in the action is associated with a better ability to self-regulation. The article discusses two different types of action control: self-regulation, as an example of "democratic" control, and self-control as "authoritarian", repressive type of action control (Kuhl, 1996; Ryan & Deci, 2008). Empirical reports, presented in this article, show unconscious automatic or the intuitive nature of the regulation which does not exclude subjectivity (Kolanczyk, 2009) and is often associated with "democratic" type of action control. Observed, both in experimental studies as well as in everyday life, difficulties in self-regulation, in the light of presented findings, seem to have their roots in non-compliance objectives with the needs, the value system and directly result from the nature of activities involved in this type of control.
19

HOSPODÁRSKA A SOCIOEKONOMICKÁ SITUÁCIA V NITRE A V NITRIANSKOM OKRESE V ODBOBÍ AUTONÓMIE SLOVENSKA

88%
Palárik M., Hasarová Z.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2020
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vol. 24
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issue 2
456 – 504
EN
The paper deals with regional history. It researches the economy in Nitra and the Nitra district during the autonomy of Slovakia (1938 – 1939), focusing on the socioeconomic situation of the city and its population. It analyzes the form of political decisions, newly adopted regulations, laws and measures at the national level and their impact on the selected region. It focuses on the areas of infrastructure, pricing, organizing financial collections for the defense of the state. It examines the direct and indirect impact of mobilization on the economic situation in the city, effect of selected events (such as the Second Vienna Award, the declaration of Slovakia's autonomy and others) on local companies, firma and their production. He also notices the growing manifestations of anti-Semitic, anti-Czech but also anti-Hungarian behavior, supported by contemporary propaganda. The article also describes specific cases of policy interventions in the lives of selected citizens through numerous restrictions and sanctions. The study is the first probe into the economic history of a selected area with a time span of October 1938 - March 1939. The research is primarily based on archival sources, period print and scientific literature.
20

K PROBLÉMU ODPOVĚDNOSTI U AGNES HELLEROVÉ

88%
Hála V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2012
|
vol. 67
|
issue 4
269 – 281
EN
Heller deals with the problem of responsibility explicitly and implicitly as well in all her works on ethics and morals. The author tries to show the relatedness of these two approaches. Attention is paid also to various contexts in which responsibility might appear, first of all to the responsibility for consequences which steadily attracts philosophers and philosophy. Further, the human autonomy, which is analysed by Heller in her explorations of interpersonal relationships, is examined as well. Heller is prized for her personal involvement in dealing with responsibility and last, but not least for her ability to apply universal moral principles in the boundary situations of humans in totalitarian regimes, where they are objectified and not respected as human beings.
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