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1
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Les emprunts à l’anglais touchés par la réforme orthographique et leur variation dans la presse canadienne en ligne

100%
Fabrycy M.
Neophilologica
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2020
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vol. 32
258-279
EN
This article examines if and how the recommendations of the spelling reform from 1990 are applied and used in practice. We have focused especially on the loanwords namely anglicisms in the Canadian French and their employment in the Canadian press in electronic format. For that purpose, we wanted to depict certain details of the spelling reform concerning words of foreign origin, and more precisely those which are borrowed from British and American English. We have also concentrated our attention on the difficulties of French grammatical system, comparing it with the Italian and Spanish grammatical systems in order to illustrate the level of complexity of the French language. To demonstrate and verify the usage of the rules recommended by the reform of French orthography, we have chosen several online versions of Canadian daily press.
2
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Englisches im Gegenwartsdeutschen der Touristikbranche

100%
Kowalonek-Janczarek M., Kawęcka P.
Glottodidactica
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2015
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vol. 42
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issue 2
119-132
DE
The influence of English on German has grown in the last decades and is likely to continue. The aim of this paper is to investigate the occurrence of Anglicisms in the travel magazine Lonely Planet Traveller Deutschland (October, 2014). The particular focus is on the parts of speech and word formation types they represent. First we make an attempt to define the terms loanword and Anglicism. In the second part we present and discuss the results of our corpus linguistic study. The findings of the study show the dominance of nouns in the analysed Anglicisms (especially hybrid nominal compounds). The research can be of significance for further studies on the language of tourism industry.
3
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Promieniowanie K (komputerowe), czyli o oddziaływaniu rzeczywistości informatycznej na polszczyznę

100%
Maciołek M.
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
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2017
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issue 1 (19) W kręgu badań językoznawczych
197-211
EN
The article concerns the influence of the IT sector on the evolution of the Polish language. The author discusses changes in vocabulary: the introduction of new terms concerning computers (usually of English origin), into the Polish language and Polish dictionaries that have been published recently. He analyses the influence of virtual reality on communicative patterns of behaviour of contemporary Poles. He explains how the words that refer to computers and the Internet have become metaphors in contemporary Polish language and how they are being used in poetry.
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Gli anglicismi ai tempi della pandemia: necessità o esagerazione?

88%
Popa C. F.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2020
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vol. 13
97-104
EN
In the difficult time of the coronavirus pandemic, there has been an invasion of Anglicisms in the vocabulary of the Italian language aiming to describe the new reality. The brevity and the conciseness of English words prevailed over native Italian words, taking linguists by surprise. If in some situations the richness of the Italian vocabulary imposed the native word to the detriment of the English loanword, in other cases the latter was preferred. If the main vector that imposes the neologism is as a rule the speakers‟ use, in this case the Anglicisms were imposed by mass media repetitiveness, which had as a result a mass diffusion in a fairly short period of time. Accounting for Anglicisms invading the Italian vocabulary during the pandemic is also the fact that English has come to be viewed the supreme lingua franca in the field of scientific research.
5

Anglicyzmy w polskim dyskursie naukowym

88%
Majchrzak O.
Kształcenie Językowe
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2015
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vol. 13 (23)
73 - 90
EN
The aim of the article is to examine the perception of lexical borrowings from English in Polish academic discourse, as there is a noticeable tendency in Polish to overuse Anglicisms in English linguistics. The author analyses the Polish language used by advanced users of English in their research domain, i.e. linguistics. In addition, she tries to establish how the academic Polish language with its marked English influences is perceived by scholars specialising in English and Polish. As the author’s research demonstrates, scholars specialising in the Polish language will accept more Anglicisms in Polish academic discourse than those specialising in the English language, which suggests that an individual’s perception of Anglicisms is determined not only by his or her linguistic awareness but also by the need to handle terminology in both languages.
6
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Anglizismen aus linguistischer und didaktischer Sicht

87%
Kowalonek-Janczarek M.
Glottodidactica
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2014
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vol. 41
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issue 2
47-58
EN
The aim of this paper is to investigate the problem of defining the term Anglicism in academic papers dealing with this problem. The focus is on different linguistic approaches to Anglicisms discussed from the sociolinguistic, diachronic and synchronic perspectives. The complexityof the subject together with the multiplicity of the presented approaches have consequences for teaching German as a FL. These problems are presented in the second part of the paper.
DE
The aim of this paper is to investigate the problem of defining the term Anglicism in academic papers dealing with this problem. The focus is on different linguistic approaches to Anglicisms discussed from the sociolinguistic, diachronic and synchronic perspectives. The complexity of the subject together with the multiplicity of the presented approaches have consequences for teaching German as a FL. These problems are presented in the second part of the paper.
7
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"Dneska na ulici na mě řval nějaký random chlap, kterého ani neznám": k užívání slova random v současné češtině

75%
Jílková L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2024
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vol. 107
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issue 1
54-59
EN
This article deals with the meaning of the Anglicism random in contemporary Czech. First, it presents relevant information from dictionaries and linguistic publications. Next, it examines posts from an internet discussion in which users were trying to define the meaning of the word. Finally, it presents the results of a survey.
8
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Les anglicismes dans le dicours électronique médié

75%
Lazar J.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2012
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vol. 39
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issue 4
61-69
EN
Although French is a Romance language descendant from the Latin, there is of course some influence of other languages on it. English is perhaps the most important source of loan-words for the present French language. Our article is focused on new forms of written communication, mainly computer-mediated communication (CMC). The main aim of this article is to analyze the loan-words, especially the anglicisms that are used by chatters in various French chats. After examining the motivations of loan, the article studies the frequency of anglicisms in three chats and observes their grammatical adaptation in the context of CMC. A huge richness of anglicisms is illustrated by concrete examples taken from our corpus.
FR
Although French is a Romance language descendant ffrom the Latin, there is of course some influence of other languages on it. English is perhaps the most important source of loan-words for the present French language. Our article is focused on new forms of written communication, mainly computer-mediated communication (CMC). The main aim of this article is to analyze the loan-words, especially the anglicisms that are used by chatters in various French chats. After examining the motivations of loan, the article studies the frequency of anglicisms in three chats and observes their grammatical adaptation in the context of CMC. A huge richness of anglicisms is illustrated by concrete examples taken from our corpus.
9
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Anglizismen im österreichischen Deutsch am Beispiel von ausgewählten Onlinezeitungen

75%
Radtke M.
Studia Germanica Gedanensia
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2022
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vol. 47
103-109
EN
As it is today, numerous Anglicisms flow into the German language. Using selected articles published in the Austrian magazines Wiener Zeitung, Der Standard and Heute, a study on the use of Anglicisms was conducted to investigate whether this phenomenon is frequent or not in the Austrian press. The primary criterion for selecting these magazines was their broad scope of subjects presented addressed to various societal groups. This criterion approach presumably allows for representative observations on the issue in focus. The results of the study indicate that the occurrence of Anglicisms is very low and depends on the thematic profile of the magazine.
DE
Heutzutage wird der deutsche Wortschatz durch zahlreiche Anglizismen bereichert. Das Ziel des Artikels besteht darin, mittels einer Analyse ausgewählter österreichischer Onlinezeitungen festzustellen, ob Anglizismen eine häufige Erscheinung in der österreichischen Pressesprache sind. Der Analyse werden Wiener Zeitung, Der Standard und Heute unterzogen. Der Zugang der Onlinezeitungen zu verschiedenen Gesellschaftsgruppen bildete das Kriterium bei der Auswahl. Die für die Untersuchung ausgewählten Artikel wurden im Jahre 2021 veröffentlicht. Am Beispiel der analysierten Onlinezeitungen lässt sich feststellen, dass Anglizismen in der österreichischen Pressesprache relativ selten verwendet werden und ihre Häufigkeit von der Art der Zeitung und dem Thema der Artikel abhängen kann.
10

IT-RELATED ANGLICISMS IN DER SPIEGEL: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

75%
Czech-Rogoyska A., Krawiec M.
Social Communication. Online Journal
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2018
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issue 1 (17)
12-24
XX
The paper endeavours to semantically scrutinize anglicisms in Der Spiegel in the specialist field of IT. It was attempted to establish if, and to what extent, the anglicisms alter their meaning in the borrowing process. The article focuses on randomly selected anglicisms in IT-related texts in Der Spiegel, for both the newspaper and the domain are deemed to have been the most prolific in terms of English borrowings. The objective of this comparative study is to arrive at certain general tendencies governing the semantic treatment of English words in German. The paper constitutes merely an excerpt from the research on IT-related anglicisms, and may well serve as a basis for further research, on the grounds that alongside the development of ICT, languages need new names for concepts. Therefore, it is by all means prudent and instructive to delve into the tendencies governing the way anglicisms permeate into the German language.
11

IT-RELATED ANGLICISMS IN DIE WELT AND DER SPIEGEL: A QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF NOUNS, VERBS, AND ADJECTIVES

75%
Krawiec M., Czech-Rogoyska A.
Social Communication. Online Journal
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2018
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issue 2 (18)
52-57
EN
The main aim of the study is to quantitatively scrutinize the borrowability of IT-related English words in Die Welt and Der Spiegel, as far as the proportion of nouns, verbs, and adjectives is concerned. The purpose of this study is to establish the most and the least frequently borrowed parts of speech and arrive at certain general tendencies governing the transfer of the most popular word class within the field of IT. The study covers an excerpt from authors’ research on IT-related anglicisms carried out in 2016, and may serve as a basis for further investigation, since the development of ICT will always necessitate new names for concepts. Therefore, it is by all means prudent and instructive to delve into the rationale behind the way anglicisms permeate into the German language. The study also constitutes a synchronic look at a given stage of the evolution of the German language.
12
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À propos des mots en -ing d’origine anglaise issus du dictionnaire le Petit Robert

63%
Mudrochová R.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2017
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vol. 27
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issue 1
7-19
EN
The article addresses the question of words ending in -ing whose frequency in the French language gradually increased in the 20th century, attracting the attention of several linguists. However, no study has been done of the words in -ing as part of a metalinguistic corpus, the dictionary Le Petit Robert. A general presentation of the phenomenon from the theoretical point of view and a definition of the analysed phenomenon are followed by an analysis of the word corpus created with reference to lexemes approved in the general French language dictionary Le Petit Robert (version 2016). The analysis concerns the problems of morphology, orthography, and introduction of the lexemes into the dictionary in question. Other issues examined include the problems of the -ing ending pronunciation, equivalents, false Anglicisms and official recommendations from the dictionary authors for replacement of certain words.
FR
L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les mots qui se terminent par le suffixe -ing. Une présentation générale du phénomène en question et sa définition sont suivies par une analyse d’un corpus formé par des lexèmes approuvés dans le dictionnaire français de langue générale le Petit Robert (version publiée en 2016). L’analyse porte sur des questions concernant la morphologie, l’orthographe, l’introduction des lexèmes dans le dictionnaire, la prononciation. L’article aborde également la problématique des faux anglicismes, des équivalents et des recommandations officielles des auteurs du dictionnaire.
13

„Композитный взрыв” в современном русском газетном дискурсе

63%
Romanik A.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2018
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vol. 166
135-145
EN
“Compounding explosion” in modern Russian journalese discourse The author of the paper deals with compound words, which are one of active developing phenomena in the journalese texts. Researched material was excerpted from Russian specialized magazines published in 2010–2016. The number of compounds constantly increases. Most of them are borrowed from English or derived from foreign word-formation models. Neologisms, which contain minimum two components in their structure, are productive in journal discourse because of few reasons. First of all, they are used to name new designate as economic way of nomination. Second of all, compound words play manipulative and styling role in written texts. The main aim of the analysis was to research the structure of compound words, to present lexical classification and to point out the reasons of popularity of compound words.
PL
„Eksplozja kompozytów” we współczesnym rosyjskim dyskursie medialnym Przedmiotem zainteresowania niniejszych rozważań są złożenia, których wysoka frekwencja jest szczególnie zauważalna we współczesnym dyskursie prasowym. Materiał egzemplifikacyjny został wyekscerpowany z rosyjskich czasopism, umownie określanych jako „czasopisma kobiece” (2013–2016). Głównym celem podjęcia tego tematu badawczego jest klasyfikacja leksykalno-semantyczna zgromadzonych jednostek złożonych, analiza strukturalna oraz ustalenie przyczyn ich rosnącej popularności. Istotą badania jest również zwrócenie uwagi na problem niestabilności ortograficznej i graficznej kompozytów zapożyczonych z innych systemów językowych, a także zaakcentowanie braku jednolitej bazy teoretycznej przy klasyfikacji statusu słów złożonych.
14

Anglicisms in Online German Newspapers and Magazines. A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Articles in ‘Die Welt’, ‘Der Spiegel’, and ‘Der Stern’ in February 2016

63%
Czech-Rogoyska A., Zboch M.
Social Communication. Online Journal
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2016
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issue 1(13)
25-58
EN
Needless to say, words originating in English largely influence other languages. As postulated by Plümer [2000, p. 28], since the nineteenth century English has become the main donor language for German and due to the ongoing influx of Anglicisms used in German both in Fachsprache, i.e. German for specific purposes and on a daily basis, lexical interference between the two languages increases. Some linguists oppose the excessive use of words originating in English postulating that as a consequence, German may become a peripheral language, whereas others posit that it indicates openness to world and language development. The study focuses on the application of Anglicisms in German newspapers in February 2016. The corpus encompasses 90 articles in online versions of three newspapers, viz. Die Welt, Der Spiegel and Der Stern, structured into three categories, be it Beauty, Politics, and IT. Every category covered thirty parallel topics, in order to arrive at a succinct yet comprehensive summary of the total ratio of Anglicisms. The article was divided into four main categories, i.e. theoretical framework, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, and concluding remarks.
15

O „fejku”, „lajku” i „lejcie” w polszczyźnie internetowej

63%
Niepytalska-Osiecka A.
Język Polski
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2014
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vol. 94
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issue 4
343-352
PL
W artykule omówiono produktywność słowotwórczą zapożyczonych z języka angielskiego wyrazów hejt, fejk i lajk , które z wypowiedzi internetowych trafiają do potocznej polszczyzny mówionej. Wymienione anglicyzmy po zaadaptowaniu ich do rodzimej pisowni i polskiego systemu fleksyjnego stały się aktywne słowotwórczo i zaczęto na ich podstawie tworzyć serie derywatów słowotwórczych. Omówienie budowy i użyć formacji słowotwórczych derywowanych od podstaw hejt, fejk i lajk stanowi główny cel niniejszego artykułu. Wśród omówionych derywatów znajdują się między innymi jednostki hejtować, shejtować, hejter, hejterstwo, fejkować, sfejkować, lajkować, zalajkować, odlajkować, lajker . Wszystkie omówione derywaty zostały zilustrowane cytatami z różnorodnych źródeł internetowych.
EN
The article discusses the derivational productivity of the words: "hejt", "fejk" and "lajk". These words — which were originally English — found their way into colloquial Polish via the Internet. After being adapted to the Polish spelling and inflectional systems, a series of derivatives were created for these words and these are, among others: hejtować, shejtować, hejter, hejterstwo, fejkować, sfejkować, lajkować, zalajkować, odlajkować, lajker. Discussing the structure and uses of derivational formations derived from "hejt", "fejk" and "lajk" is the main purpose of this article. All discussed derivatives are illustrated with quotations from diverse Internet sources.
16
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Anglizismen und synonyme Wortneubildungen im modernen Deutsch: sinnvolle Ergänzung oder Ersatz?

63%
Nikitina O.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 2
116-131
EN
The article investigates the interrelations within the language system between anglicisms and newly formed native German words. New words emerge in German either spontaneously or under the supervision of philological associations. When created spontaneously new words are in most cases translation loans and retain the inner form and semantic connection between the components similar to that of a borrowed angliсism. Artificially created German neologisms, on the contrary, lose their semantic connection with the borrowing. Structural and semantic analysis of anglicisms and German neologisms enables to discover possible causes of giving preference to anglicisms in one cases and replacing them with German neologisms in others. The article debates the issues of language maintenance and conscious word creation.
DE
Dieser Beitrag ist den Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Anglizismen und neugebildeten Wörtern im modernen Deutsch gewidmet. Deutsche Wortneubildungen zu Anglizismen entstehen entweder spontan oder als Ergebnis der bewussten Wortbildung im Rahmen der sprachpflegerischen Aktivitäten. Dabei werden spontane Wortneubildungen meist durch eine vollständige oder teilweise Glied-für-Glied-Übersetzung der morphologischen Struktur der Anglizismen gebildet und spiegeln daher das semantische Verhältnis zwischen den Bestandteilen der englischen Komposita wieder. Künstlich geschaffene Ersatzwörter gehen dagegen von der Semantik des entsprechenden Anglizismus aus und unterscheiden sich daher meist in ihrem Benennungsmotiv von den korrespondierenden Lehnwörtern. Im Rahmen der Analyse von strukturellen und semantischen Besonderheiten von Anglizismen und neugebildeten Komposita werden einige Faktoren erläutert, die darüber entscheiden, was sich im Sprachgebrauch durchsetzt. Ausgehend von diesen Überlegungen wird auf die Zweckmäßigkeit der sprachpflegerischen Maßnahmen und der bewussten Wortbildung eingegangen.
17
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Kombinace konsonantu s vokálem v českých slovech cizího původu:

63%
Bičan A.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 3
163-194
EN
Analyzing a corpus of over 36,000 words of foreign origin and 33,000 native words, the paper presents a detailed account and comparison of the distribution of consonant-vowel combinations in Czech. These combinations are discussed according to their vowel class. Both combinations typical for foreign-origin words and combinations typical for native words were found. In some cases, the typicality is predictable from the phonemes in the combinations (i.e. from the phonemes typical for either type of vocabulary), but there are many combination types for which this is not possible. The paper concludes with a discussion of the factors that may influence the distribution of consonant-vowel combinations, including sound changes, phoneme frequency, morphological processes, and universal preferences in the combinability of consonants with vowels. Special attention is paid to loanwords from English.
18
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Very well y yes very well, dos anglicismos desatendidos

63%
Lillo A.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2024
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vol. 34
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issue 1
52-68
ES
Este artículo arroja luz sobre dos anglicismos de gran arraigo en el español europeo, very well y yes very well, que hasta ahora han escapado a la atención de los estudiosos. A pesar de su antigüedad y amplio uso, estos préstamos del inglés rara vez se encuentran en el español escrito. Esto, junto con su naturaleza lúdica e informal, puede haber contribuido a su aparente insignificancia en la investigación académica. El estudio examina casi mil ejemplos de estos anglicismos tomados de diversas fuentes para desentrañar su funcionamiento semántico en el español europeo actual. El análisis revela que su uso continuado a lo largo del tiempo se debe a su versatilidad y extraordinaria polisemia. También demuestra que, precisamente porque la investigación sobre los préstamos del inglés ha estado muy sesgada hacia el plano escrito, es probable que estos sean solo dos de tantos anglicismos añejos que aún quedan por estudiar.
EN
This article sheds light on two enduring English loanwords in European Spanish, very well and yes very well, which have thus far evaded scholarly attention. Despite their long-standing presence and widespread use, these Anglicisms have rarely been encountered in written Spanish. This, coupled with their playful and informal nature, may have contributed to their perceived insignificance in academic inquiry. The study scrutinizes nearly a thousand instances of these loanwords from various sources to elucidate their contemporary semantic roles in European Spanish. The analysis reveals that their continued usage over time can be attributed to their versatility and wide-ranging semantic functions. Furthermore, it shows that, precisely because research on English loans has been strongly biased towards the written medium, these are likely to be but two among a number of time-honoured Anglicisms that remain unexplored.
19
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Nowy słownik zapożyczeń angielskich w polszczyźnie – założenia ogólne i mikrostruktura haseł

51%
Cierpich-Kozieł A., Mańczak-Wohlfeld E., Witalisz A.
Język Polski
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2023
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vol. 103
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issue 1
5-19
PL
Artykuł przedstawia założenia teoretyczne i zawartość powstającego w Krakowie Nowego słownika zapożyczeń angielskich w polszczyźnie, który prócz anglicyzmów właściwych, także tych najnowszych, będzie zawierał kalki językowe pochodzenia angielskiego. W artykule omówiono przyjęte rozwiązania dotyczące struktury haseł słownikowych i kryteriów doboru danych językowych, jak też źródła materiału i problemy metodologiczne związane z etymologią, identyfikacją, ekscerpcją, klasyfikacją i opisem zapożyczeń oraz kalk językowych pochodzenia angielskiego.
EN
The paper presents the theoretical assumptions and content of Nowy słownik zapożyczeń angielskich w polszczyźnie (A New Dictionary of Anglicisms in Polish) that is being compiled by three Kraków scholars. The dictionary will include the newest direct loanwords and various types of calqued expressions sourced in English. We discuss data sources, the solutions we adopted to structure the dictionary entries, as well as the criteria used for data selection. The paper also addresses methodological issues that concern the etymology, identification, excerption, classification and description of loanwords and calques of English origin.
20

Uwagi o kondycji dwudziestopierwszowiecznej polszczyzny z perspektywy procesów globalizacyjnych

51%
Strawińska A. B.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2018
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vol. 66
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issue 6: Językoznawstwo
197-215
EN
My goal in writing this article is not so much to provide a synthetic description of the basic directions of transformation of modern Polish brought on by globalisation, but to indicate the most important effects of the Americanisation of Polish in the 21st century. In general, one tangible effect of globalisation on the Polish language is on one hand to the borrowing of Anglo-American lexemes, phrases, or word order (e.g. sport telegram, play lista, radio reklama). On the other hand there is the adaptation of internationally used Anglo-American terms (e.g. roaming – pol. roamingowy, SMS – pol. esemesik, esemesek, esemeśnik, esemesiara), as well as increasing the range and number of composite words by creating new structures based on borrowed words (e.g. derivatives with the prefix cyber-, e-, euro-, sex-, narco-). The authors of the canon linguistic works see the most important causes of borrowing from American English into Polish in: comfort, frequency of occurrence and use of Anglo-American vocabulary, the need to name new designates and terms, the dominance of English in business and its prestige. The predicted effects of the Americanisation of Polish include: a fashion for such borrowings, adaptation of an American point of view and cultural signifiers, carnivalisation of culture and “Ponglish” (P. Korcz, M. Matulewski, “Wpływ globalizacji na powstanie polsko-angielskiego pidżynu zawodowego,” Język. Komunikacja. Informacja 2006, no. 1, pp. 83-84).
PL
Celem, jaki sobie wyznaczyłam, jest nie tyle próba syntetycznego opisu podstawowych kierunków transformacji współczesnej polszczyzny zaistniałych w wyniku procesu globalizacji, ile wskazanie najistotniejszych skutków amerykanizacji języka polskiego w XXI wieku. Generalizując, namacalnym efektem globalizacji na gruncie języka polskiego jest z jednej strony przejmowanie anglo-amerykańskich leksemów, frazeologizmów czy nierodzimego prepozycyjnego szyku wyrazów w zdaniu (typu sport telegram, play lista, radio reklama). Z drugiej zaś adaptacja zaanektowanych anglo-amerykańskich wyrazów o zasięgu międzynarodowym (ang. roaming – pol. roamingowy, ang. SMS – pol. esemesik, esemesek, esemeśnik, esemesiara) oraz zwiększenie zakresu i liczby compositów w wyniku słowotwórczej adaptacji zapożyczeń seryjnych i tworzenia na ich wzór kolejnych struktur (np. derywaty z członem cyber-, e-, euro-, seks-, narko-). Autorzy kanonicznych opracowań językoznawczych za najważniejsze przyczyny przejmowania pożyczek z języka angielskiego w odmianie amerykańskiej przez użytkowników współczesnej polszczyzny uznają: wygodę, częstotliwość występowania i używania anglo-amerykanizmów, konieczność nazywania nowych desygnatów i pojęć, dominację języka angielskiego w biznesie oraz prestiż angielszczyzny. Prognzowane skutki amerykanizacji polszczyzny to: moda na pożycznki angielskie, postrzeganie świata oczami Amerykanina i przejmowanie amerykańskich znaków kulturowych, karnawalizacja kultury oraz Ponglish (P. Korcz, M. Matulewski, Wpływ globalizacji na powstanie polsko-angielskiego pidżynu zawodowego, „Język. Komunikacja. Informacja” 2006, nr 1, s. 83-84).
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