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1

APPROACHING THE COMPLEX SPATIALITIES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE SYSTEMS FROM THE POSITION OF THE CHILD

100%
Bollig S.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 1
155 – 176
EN
This paper proposes a way to understand what early care and education systems look like from the vantage point of the child. In other words, it aims to fuse a system perspective and a child perspective of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in a way that acknowledges children as active co-producers of ECEC landscapes. In developing this approach, the author emphasizes that children’s individual education and care arrangements which combine certain ECEC settings and the family are to be understood as networks of relations. As such, these child, family and ECEC relations create particular spatialities and temporalities which in turn position children very differently within the field of early education and care. To conceptualize how this takes place in children’s everyday activities, she refers to Schatzki’s and Massey’s relational thinking about practices, spaces, time and multiple identities with special emphasis on the spatial relations that are ‘beyond’ certain localities and (re)produced in the ‘events of place’. How this helps to understand the ways in which ECEC systems look from the position of the child will get exemplified in regard to Luxembourg’s complex ‘double split system’ of ECEC and its complex language terrain.
2

EXPLORING PEDAGOGUES’ UNDERSTANDING AND DETECTION OF VULNERABILITY IN DANISH EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE

100%
Madsen Theilmann B.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
137 – 156
EN
The conceptualisation of vulnerability among Danish pedagogues in the context of early childhood education and care (ECEC) is framed by both Danish legislation (Dagtilbudsloven, 2020) and key pedagogical concepts such as well-being, learning, development and formation (Ministry of Children and Education, 2020). Employing a phenomenological approach, this study investigated how pedagogues perceive vulnerability through interviews conducted with 15 informants. Drawing on Abbott’s key concepts of jurisdiction, diagnosis, inference and treatment, the collected data are operationalised to discern pedagogues´ different understandings of vulnerability. The findings highlight the inherent ambiguity surrounding pedagogues’ comprehension of vulnerability, closely tied to their primary responsibilities within the ECEC setting, namely, promoting well-being, facilitating learning, fostering development and enabling formation. The implications of the study shed light on the challenges faced by pedagogues in identifying vulnerability within ECEC, which encompasses both “traditional” and “new” understandings. Pedagogues tend to focus on detecting individual factors, such as personality traits and developmental disorders, or contextual factors related to a child’s family background, without considering the institutional context as a potential source of vulnerability production. This study emphasises the importance of re-evaluating current approaches to vulnerability detection in ECEC, particularly with regard to children in vulnerable positions.
3

“BUT WE´RE TALKING ABOUT JONAS?!” DANISH ECEC BETWEEN QUALITY CULTURES

100%
Togsverd L.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
59 – 78
EN
The aim of the article is to support critical consideration about what quality is and might be in ECEC. It argues that two different quality cultures – understandings of what quality is, how it may be understood and supported – intersect and create tensions in relation to the ECEC area in Denmark. One is analysed as influenced by a transnational quality discourse, a specific regime of truth regarding quality as a phenomenon “out there” that must be defined and assessed to improve. This technical-instrumental quality culture needs to be balanced by a quality culture founded in pedagogy as a distinct perspective foundational for ECEC. Drawing on a continental tradition of pedagogy as a human science discipline the article offers a language and understanding of pedagogical qualities. Such qualities refer to the attributes of pedagogy and go beyond what is easily disregarded as subjective in the prevailing quality culture. To identify such pedagogic qualities the article revisits empirical data from a narrative research project that explored pedagogic knowledge at play in ECEC professionals’ practice. The article argues that a critical quality culture founded in thoughtful consideration and ethical balancing of pedagogical qualities is crucial for the sake of the children and our democratic society.
4

AESTHETIC ENCOUNTERS AND AGENCY IN ECEC: MATERIALITY, INTRA-ACTION, AND SENSITIVE ENTANGLEMENTS

88%
Blomgren H.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
117 – 136
EN
The aim of the article is to analyse aesthetic encounters in Danish early childhood and care (ECEC) centres and create knowledge of and a language for aesthetics as sensitive encounters and vibrant matters between humans and the world. The article thus challenges traditional assumptions about and understandings of aesthetics as simply impression, expression, and rather formal hands-on work (also referred to as ‘aesthetic learning processes’). The article links to fieldwork taking place in two Danish ECEC centres – a kindergarten (3–5-year-olds) and an age-integrated centre for kindergarten groups and nursery groups (0–2-year-olds). The fieldwork is framed as focused ethnography, and the methods used are written and visual field notes (video recording, photos) and interviews with artists who visited the ECEC centres and worked with the pedagogues. In the analysis process, the author revisits the empirical data and dwells on micro-moments that, in the article, are sampled into vignettes. With and through theoretical perspectives related to aesthetics as sensitive, vibrant, intra-active, and entangled encounters with materiality, new insights appear and lead to findings that highlight aesthetics as subtle and informal processes engaging materiality as a symmetric co-player alongside the artists and pedagogues and in support of children’s aesthetic agency.
5

EARLY CHILD CARE EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE NEW LAW IN CHILE

88%
Aravena Castillo F., Quiroga Lobos M.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 1
121 – 135
EN
In the last decade, Chile has focused on early childhood education and care (ECEC) as a key opportunity to increase student-learning outcomes and decrease socio-economic inequalities. The creation of Chile’s Under-Secretariat of ECEC in 2015 highlights the relevance of this educational stage. The purpose of this study is to analyse the new law (no. 20.835) on ECEC from the perspective of policy formulation. This study employs a discourse analysis that is based on a conceptual frame analysis of two concepts: relationships and roles. The findings indicate that the creation of the Superintendence of Education is an attempt at introducing accountability processes to ensure the quality of early childhood education. This is sustained by neoliberal policies, standardization and external influences. This study contributes to understandings of the relationship between stakeholders and school organizations and the degree of coherence and impact. Furthermore, the aim is to contribute to the international discussion surrounding educational policies beyond country-specific contexts.
6

DANISH EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE

88%
Boye Koch A., Jørgensen H. H.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2023
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vol. 14
|
issue 1
5 – 14
EN
This special issue presents a selection of current research on Danish early childhood education and care (ECEC) aimed at an international audience. The Nordic tradition of child-centred, local and holistic pedagogy is dominant within the Danish educational culture, but the Danish pedagogical approach is the focus of an ongoing dialogue involving political preoccupations with ECEC quality and what is best for the children’s development and learning. Since 2004, Danish ECEC settings have been obliged to work on children’s learning based on a pedagogical curriculum organised around six previously established themes prepared at each local ECEC centre according to specific guidelines. In 2018, a more detailed description of the content of the curriculum and a common pedagogical foundation was introduced in a strengthened curriculum – partly because the previous curriculum led institutions too far away from the existing pedagogical culture. The strengthened curriculum points to key elements such as play, child-centeredness, communities of children and a broad concept of learning – to constitute the understanding and approach to work on children’s well-being, learning, development and formation in ECEC. New research from Danish professionals is presented, revolving around key areas in the strengthened curriculum in order to invite further dialogue with international colleagues about children’s play, fun and well-being, quality cultures, children’s communities, transitions, aesthetics and vulnerability.
7

ENCOUNTERING CHILDREN’S PERSPECTIVES IN PLAY: HOW A PLAY EXPERIMENT WITH ANIMAL CLOAKS BECAME A RESEARCH APPROACH IN ECEC

88%
Jørgensen H. H.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2023
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vol. 14
|
issue 1
17 – 36
EN
In Danish early childhood education and care (ECEC), pedagogues traditionally work in a child-centred manner, valuing the children’s experiences. During the last 150 years pedagogues have developed expertise in framing everyday life for children while paying double attention to the children’s perspectives, on one hand, and to their own pedagogical interests, on the other. Therefore, play and experiments are essential components of Danish ECEC. This article starts from this pedagogical tradition. It explores if and how researchers can benefit from employing such double attentiveness and uses it to bridge the gap between encountering children’s perspectives and making those perspectives an object of investigation. The empirical materials were derived from a pilot study. Pivotal to this study was the exploration of play experiments as an encounter between children, pedagogues and researchers in which the children’s different perspectives could emerge. The findings suggest that play experiments can be effective as a child-sensitive research approach that enhances children’s embodied knowledge and promotes children’s participation in research. However, methodological questions are raised concerning how to maintain the children’s perspectives and transforming their embodied knowledge into empirical data. Also, the need for further exploration of play experiments as a space for collaborative encounters is appointed.
8

SELF-ORGANIZED COMMUNITIES OF CHILDREN

88%
Bernstorff B.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
79 – 102
EN
From a child-centred perspective, this article explores the practices of children’s self-organized play-communities in institutional everyday life in Danish early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings, based on a phenomenological non-participant-observational study with a duration of 16 months involving two kindergartens (Bernstorff, 2021). Drawing on Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology and praxeology, children’s self-organized play-communities are analysed as a social space, being a field for relations, fights, negotiations with specific admission requirements emerging as accepted values shared by the specific field. The analysis demonstrates that self-organized play-communities are a social space with its own practices of being together expressed through the social language in play linked to and guided by an institutional choreography. Besides, the analysis demonstrates three kinds of different communities of children in self-organized play, viz. the categories: Relational play-communities, Community-oriented play-communities, and Conflictual play-communities, which categories may, however, also overlap into blended categories. The article argues that children’s self-organized play-communities risk being under pressure in the institutional choreography, which in turn affects children’s opportunities for having uninterrupted periods of time and space to self-organized play in their institutional everyday life.
9

DISCOURSES ON GENDER IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE (ECEC) SETTING: EQUALLY DISCRIMINATED AGAINST

88%
Pavlović Breneselović D., Krnjaja Ž.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2016
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vol. 7
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issue 2
51 – 77
EN
The paper addresses gender issues in the practice of ECEC through research with children. The research examines children’s perspectives of kindergarten practice, acknowledging the importance of the child’s perspective in critical investigations of this nature. In total, fifty children from thirty kindergartens across Serbia participated in the research involving the Mosaic method. Qualitative analysis through three iterative phases helped identify emergent themes. The themes were not imposed by the researchers but emerged from the children’s narratives generated around photographs and drawings they had produced, map-making and kindergarten tours. One of the emergent themes captured in the children’s narratives related to gender issues and helped us map the three pathways of data synthesis: gender segregation and stereotyping, gender discrimination, and close friendships. The examples of children narratives indicate that no particular gender discourse informed the teachers’ practices nor did they critically re-examine gender issues. This consequently led to the perpetuation of gender segregation and stereotyping, as well as gender discrimination against boys and girls. Thus, we argue that ECEC practices should be further re-examined to with a view to improving gender equity.
10

POTENTIAL FOR PREVENTING THE RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION OF CHILDREN IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE IN CROATIA

75%
Bouillet D., Antulić Majcen S.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2022
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vol. 13
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issue 2
5 – 27
EN
This study assumes that preventing the risk of social exclusion (RSE) of children, in the context of ECEC, entails guaranteeing ECEC availability and pedagogical practices that provide children with the necessary skills for healthy and successful development. This can be achieved by strengthening the protective factors in the child’s surroundings. The overall research goal was to determine the accessibility and describe the quality of attendance of children at risk of social exclusion in the Croatian ECEC system. The sample consisted of 3,500 children from 66 ECEC facilities, or 6% of all children aged 5 to 7 attending ECEC programs at that time, from 10.4% of all the ECEC facilities operating in Croatia. Data were collected through a questionnaire to assess the etiological and phenomenological aspects of RSEs among early years and preschool age children (ECEC teachers’ version). The research confirmed that RSEs did influence the children’s ECEC attendance. The greatest obstacles to accessibility of ECEC are risk of poverty and minority ethnic identity of children. Inconsistencies in the quality of the Croatian ECEC system are explained as a missed opportunity for the potential of ECEC to prevent RSEs.
11

DOING STATE POLICY AT PRESCHOOL: AN AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHIC TALE OF UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO ECEC IN AUSTRALIA

75%
Millei Z., Gobby B., Gallagher J.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 1
33 – 55
EN
In 2009, the Australian states and territories signed an agreement to provide 15 hours per week of universal access to quality early education to all children in Australia in the year before they enter school. Taking on board the international evidence about the importance of early education, the Commonwealth government made a considerable investment to make universal access possible by 2013. We explore the ongoing processes that seek to make universal access a reality in New South Wales by attending to the complex agential relationships between multiple actors. While we describe the state government and policy makers’ actions in devising funding models to drive changes, we prioritise our gaze on the engagement of a preschool and its director with the state government’s initiatives that saw them develop various funding and provision models in response. To offer accounts of their participation in policy making and doing at the preschool, we use the director’s autobiographical notes. We argue that the state’s commitment to ECEC remained a form of political manoeuvring where responsibility for policy making was pushed onto early childhood actors. This manoeuvring helped to silence and further fragments the sector, but these new processes also created spaces where the sector can further struggle for recognition through the very accountability measures that the government has introduced.
12

QUESTIONING CONTINUITY: ON CHILDREN’S TRANSITION FROM DAY-CARE TO KINDERGARTEN CLASS IN DENMARK

75%
Bjerre Odgaard A.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2023
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1
103 – 116
EN
Transition to school is recurrently pointed out as key to children’s immediate well-being at school start, as well as to their long-term educational endeavours. Aspirations towards continuity during transition is a common denominator across research, policy, and practice, in Denmark as well as internationally. This theoretical-conceptual paper problematizes continuity as a fluent or empty signifier within the transition field. This implies that, within transition theory and practice, the question of how continuity may be institutionally organized, as well as professionally facilitated, is a complex issue. By highlighting how Danish transition practices instantiate an ambivalence between a Nordic, child-centred kindergarten legacy from Fröbel, and an Angloamerican approach to academic accomplishments, the question of continuity is theoretically problematized. This leads to a socio-culturally informed discussion of change as a constitutive factor in transition, and of continuity as a matter of children’s trajectories of experience, learning, and development across divergent institutional settings. The findings imply a fundamental questioning of ambitions towards smoothing out transitions as a means for ensuring continuity. This has the implication that, within the fundamentally ambivalent Danish early childhood educational landscape, change and transformation may be valorised, rather than merely problematized. In addition, continuity may be approached as a matter of children’s trajectories of sense-making across diverse institutional settings. This reconceptualization may also inspire international transition practices.
13

SPATIAL PERSPECTIVES ON BABIES’ WAYS OF BELONGING IN INFANT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE

75%
Sumsion J., Harrison L. J., Stapleton M.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2018
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vol. 9
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issue 1
109 – 131
EN
In this article, we endeavour to think spatially about the texture of infants’ everyday lives and their ways of ‘doing’ belonging in the babies’ room in an Australian early childhood education and care centre. Drawing on data from a large, multiple case-study project, and on theorisations of space that reject Euclidean notions of space as empty, transparent, relatively inert containers into which people, objects practices and artefacts are inserted, and instead emphasise space as complex, dynamic and relational, we map the navigating movements (Massumi, 2002) of baby Nadia. Through the telling of ‘stories-so-far’ (Massey, 2005), we convey how Nadia, as part of a constellation or assemblage of human and non-human beings, found ways to intensify space and to mobilise new vantage points, thus expanding the spatial possibilities of what we initially took to be a particularly confined and confining space.
14

FUN AND LAUGHTER PROMOTE WELL-BEING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE: PEDAGOGY OF FUN AND BIG HUMOUR

63%
Boye Koch A.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2023
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1
37 – 57
EN
In Danish early childhood education and care (ECEC), fun is often emphasised as a key pedagogical tool but is used rather unreflexively. While well-being and happiness have been studied in various ways, the potential of fun is not included in theoretical discussions regarding happiness and well-being, although most people identify having fun as a fundamental reason for being happy. A researcher and three student assistants spent six months in three ECEC settings with a focus on episodes characterised by fun and laughter. Participant observation and interviews were conducted. Empirical data illustrate how fun appears in ECEC as laughter, smiles, attentiveness, intensity and ecstasy. Fun arises momentarily in a sense of lightness and freedom, as a means of communication, in physical play, when rules and expectations are broken, in frivolous references to lower body functions and in experiences of excitement. Pedagogues use fun based on child sensitivity, improvisation, courage to let go of control, informality, energy and a sense of humour. Danish humour philosophy distinguishes between small humour and big humour. Pedagogues with the ability to practice big humour are preferred in order to establish an ECEC culture characterised by fun, laughter and episodes of small humour that promote well-being in children.
15

KINDERGARTEN SPACE AND AUTONOMY IN CONSTRUCTION – EXPLORATIONS DURING TEAM ETHNOGRAPHY IN A FINNISH KINDERGARTEN

63%
Vuorisalo M., Raittila R., Rutanen N.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 1
45 – 64
EN
Children’s autonomy is a cultural ideal in Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC). In this article we examine autonomy in spatial terms. The theoretical background is developed by applying spatial sociology. Our starting point is that space is relationally produced, thus, we understand space as continuously negotiated, reconstructed and reorganized phenomena. In this article, we investigate the production of space by different actors in ECEC and seek to show how autonomy is also continuously produced and re-produced in the negotiation of space. For this investigation we use data collected as part of a team ethnographic project in a Finnish kindergarten. The project included conducting observations and interviews with parents and educators. Our research shows that autonomy is developed in multiple ways in kindergarten spaces. Educators as well as children and parents continuously produce and reproduce the kindergarten space within which children’s autonomy variously unfolds as linked to independence, freedom and responsibility in the cultural and ideological setting of a Finnish kindergarten.
16
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Usługi opieki i edukacji przedszkolnej w Polsce.

51%
Ciepielewska-Kowalik A.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
|
2014
|
issue 24(1)
63-80
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę określenia roli organizacji non profit w budowaniu spójności społecznej w kontekście upowszechnienia usług przedszkolnych w Polsce. W związkuz tym zaprezentowano najbardziej aktualne ustalenia literatury przedmiotu w odniesieniu do usług opiekuńczo-edukacyjnych dla dzieci najmłodszych, w tym m.in. paradygmat LEGO TM , podejście holistyczne i efekty wyboru określonego typu prywatyzacji polityki opieki i edukacji przedszkolnej (popytowa versus podażowa) oraz skonfrontowano jez realizowanym w Polsce podejściem systemowym do tych usług. Oceniono też przydatość owych ustaleń w budowaniu modelu zarządzania usługami przedszkolnymi, w którym w coraz szerszym zakresie oprócz sektora publicznego i rynku uczestniczą organizacje non profit.
EN
The aim of this article is to investigate the role of non-profit organizations in enhancing social cohesion in relation to early childhood education and care services (ESEC) in Poland. Taking above statement into consideration, the study attempts to present the most present findings of childcare services, such as the LEGO TM paradigm, the holistic (integrated) theory in education and the results of the demand-driven and supply-driven privatization of ECEC policy. These findings are compared with the present system of early childhood education and care services in Poland. Solutions favorable to building ECEC services in which non-profit organizations are appreciated in greater extend, are also pointed out in this study.
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