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The Canonisation of St. Wojciech

100%
Labuda G.
Kwartalnik Historyczny
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2005
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vol. 112
|
issue 3
33040
EN
The persons most interested in elevating Wojciech (Adalbert), a martyr for the faith, to the rank of a 'saint' included Duke Boleslaw the Brave, who planned to create a metropolitan organisation of the Polish Church, and Gaudenty, a participant of his brother's missionary expedition, who was with all certainty foreseen from the very onset to become the 'archbishop of St. Wojciech' entitled to the 'church in Gniezno'. In his capacity as a monk of the monastery on the Aventine, Gaudenty (who was consequently just as well-known among the papal and monastic circles of Rome as his brother) acted as the spokesman of Duke Boleslaw. It was in the Aventine monastery that the first 'Life of St. Wojciech', inspired by Pope Sylvester II and Emperor Otto III, was written by Jan Canaparius with Gaudenty's co-operation, and envisaged as important testimony of the martyrdom of St. Wojciech. The papal edict (litterae) which confirmed the act of the canonisation has not survived, but researchers agree that it was issued prior to 2 December 992. Gaudenty was mentioned among the witnesses of an imperial document addressed to the Farfa monastery as 'archiepiscopus s. Adalberti martyris' ; he also accompanied Emperor Otto on a pilgrimage to Gniezno, which was also an official, Church expedition. Here the Emperor headed a council convened at the beginning of March 1000, which ultimately established an archbishopric and appointed Gaudenty to the office of the metropolitan bishop. Although no written record of the canonisation of St. Wojciech has survived, the act was indirectly confirmed by an analogous document issued by Pope John XVIII who, upon the request of Abbot Antoni of the hermitage in Kazimierz near Szamotuly, recommended to 'respect and venerate' the five Martyr Brothers, murdered there on 10 November 1003; his admonition was reflected in numerous Church calendars in various bishoprics, not only Polish but also foreign. The fact that Pope Sylvester II similarly advised to 'respect and venerate' the bishop-martyr throughout the whole universal Church should not give rise to any doubts.
2

Gnieździeń i Gniezno. Nazwa najstarszej stolicy Polski. Deliberacje

100%
Nalepa J.
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
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2005
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vol. 46
63-92
EN
The author refers to the article by W. Hensel, who developed a thesis that the name Gniezno, inscribed on the coin of Boleslav the Great as GNEZDUN CIVITAS was originally composed of two elements, made up of two words 'knez' (prince) and 'dun' (fortified settlement). Expressing his critical opinion of this thesis, the author, after the analysis of the earliest written records, suggests a hypothesis, claiming that there existed two variants of the name: Gniez(d)no and Gniezdzien, whereas the first variant was original and referred to the lake: *Gnezd6no (jezero) >*Gn'ezd'no (jez'oro), where 6 stands for a high reduced front vowel called 'jer'surviving in the historical slavic languages. This is confirmed by numerous names of lakes ending with -no in the Gniezno area. The second variant must have originally stood for the hilltop over the lake: Gniezdzien (hilltop) and in the course of time the fortified settlement built there: Gniezdzien (fortified settlement) - *Gnezd6n6 (gord6) > *Gn'ezd'en (grod). Following the rejection of the second element, the name Gnezden remained and then Gniezdzien, that is the name which functioned as the name of the capital of the Piast state until the 12th century, and later disappeared superseded by a dehydronymic permanent form, standing for the original lake and the settlement on its banks - Gniezdno, transformed into modern Gniezno.(Original paper published with the German summary)
3

MONOGRAM FROM THE 1208 ROTA OF HENRY KIETLICZ, ARCHBISHOP OF GNIEZNO (Monogram z roty arcybiskupa gnieznienskiego Henryka Kietlicza z 1208 roku)

88%
Strozyk P.
Roczniki Historyczne
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2011
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vol. 77
169-181
EN
The article deals with a monogram of Henry Kietlicz, archbishop of Gniezno (1199-1219). It is known only from the rota on a document of Henry the Bearded of 1208. In literature the monogram was rendered as hEnRIC(US) but the present article shows a possibbility of a different reading, namely PETRC(US). The monogram PETRC(US) may have been inspired by the monogram PETRUS, known from the iconography of St. Peter. This PETRC(US) monogram and other symbols used by the archibishop may indicate that Henry Kietlicz was forming his own image imitating that of the pope (imitatio papae).
4

Działalność synodalna arcybiskupa Mikołaja Kurowskiego

63%
Zygner L.
Roczniki Historyczne
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2012
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vol. 78
107-125
EN
The paper discusses synodal activities of Mikołaj Kurowski of the Szreniawa arms (c. 1365 – 1411) as the bishop of Wrocław (1399-1402) and archbishop of Gniezno (1402-1411). No trace of his synodal activities survive from the period of his rule in the Poznań diocese (1395-1399). As the bishop of Wrocław he convened the diocesan synod in 1402, while as the archbishop of Gniezno he held three provincial synods (Łęczyca 1402; Kalisz 1406; Kalisz 1409) and one diocesan synod (Łęczyca 1408). The diocesan synods he convened resulted in two codifications of diocesan law: for Wrocław (1402) and for Gniezno (c. 1408).
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