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„Krokodyle przemienione" i kontrakty z duchami: czarownicy w kulturach Gwinei Bissau

100%
Brzezińska M.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
|
2013
|
issue 1-2(245-246)
84-101
EN
This article discusses witchcraft beliefs present among inhabitants of multiethnic settings of Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Witchcraft, which is a prevalent feature of most African cultures, entails a form of psychic aggression performed in an invisible way by some community members against others. Drawing on my research in Guinea-Bissau, I present a range of local beliefs and imagery concerning methods by which witches act. Among them, there is a belief in the possibility of gaining the power of witchcraft through a contract with a nature spirit, which then has to be paid for with human life. The local vernacular includes imagery of cannibalistic attacks, common to much of Africa; witches are described as “eating human flesh” or the life energy of the victims. Beliefs in the ability of witches to transform themselves into animals are characteristic of the region and they set themselves apart from the majority of similar beliefs on the African continent. Here, the magical transformation ensures not only the necessary camouflage which facilitates the invisible attack, but also – in other cases – provides the external means for direct physical assault. I compare some of the local Guinean beliefs with those present in other cultures of the continent, as documented by the rich literature available on the topic. I also discuss some contemporary transformations of witchcraft beliefs that occur due to socio-cultural and economic changes taking place in African societies.
2
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Historyczno-polityczne uwarunkowania kryzysów państwowości w Gwinei Bissau

88%
Mormul J.
Afryka
|
2017
|
issue 46
41-72
EN
The article analyzes the historical-political determinants of statehood crises in Guinea-Bissau. In the post-independence history of this country, there is a tendency to take political power by military coups, and the continual attempts to exert influence by high-ranking commanders of the armed forces on, an anyhow unstable, domestic political scene. Since the introduction of the multi-party system in 1994, none of Guinea-Bissauan presidents has succeeded in reaching the end of his mandate. This phenomenon is recognised as the fundamental and systemic cause of the statehood crises plaguing Guinea-Bissau. By presenting the turning points in its recent history and the international context, especially in the regional dimension, the author seeks to diagnose the causes of the continually unstable and fragile political situation in Guinea-Bissau.
3
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Amargas mistidas. O desalento africano em Desesperança no chão de medo e dor de Tony Tcheka

87%
Łukaszyk E. A.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
|
2019
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vol. 46
|
issue 3
7-18
EN
The essay focuses on selected poems from the volume Desesperança no chão de medo e dor published in 2015. Tony Tcheka offers a bitter comment on the reality of his native Guinea-Bissau that, for analytical sake, is confronted with other voices of the country. The topics discussed are: the crisis of collective identity, as well as such values as freedom and solidarity; the deficient status of Kriol as a supposed “national” language; sexuality and gender issues, such as promiscuity and insufficiency of male role models; the status of traditional beliefs and tribal identifications.
4
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Przemyt narkotyków a zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa państw Afryki Zachodniej. Casus Gwinei Bissau

63%
Mormul J.
Forum Politologiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 17 - Konteksty bezpieczeństwa w Afryce. Konflikty, wojny, polityki bezpieczeństwa
96-119
EN
The image of Africa as a main drug smuggling transit point has emerged relatively recently. Almost till the 1970s it was thought that the drug problem did not apply to the African continent. But one decade was enough to change this vision and make Africa, and especially West Africa, be seen as an important transit point for drugs (mainly cocaine and heroin) produced in South America and Asia. International efforts to combat drug trafficking in West Africa have been so far unsuccessful. Moreover, since 2005 it has been observed an increase in drug smuggling operations on a large scale in this region, carried out mainly by nationals of Latin America and Europe, with use of new ‘popular' transit points located in small West African countries, such as: the Gambia, Guinea, or titular Guinea-Bissau, to which a few years ago the international press attached the label of “the first African narco-state”. The development of narco-business in Guinea-Bissau is most often associated with its state dysfunctionality problems, this article is trying to analyse the roots of this phenomenon, as well as the influence it may have on the country itself, as well as on the whole region.
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