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1

JAPANESE CUBIST BODY – MAPPING MODERN EXPERIENCE IN THE PRE-WWII JAPANESE ARTISTIC NETWORK

100%
Čapková H.
ARS
|
2014
|
vol. 47
|
issue 2
122 – 133
EN
The transnational flow of Cubist inspiration reached Japan in 1911 and continued to spread through numerous networks of Japanese avant-garde art scene over some decades. This article will test the idea of Cubism transgressing the dualistic paradigm of the East and the West and as such creating “a cubist body” for local, and in this case Japanese, artists to experience modernity. In terms of Asia, Japan was the only Asian country to assimilate Cubism in the 1910s, the decade in which it was being conceived in Paris. Cubism met with a mixed reception when it arrived in Asia, as it was considered as either a reminder of Western cultural superiority or a pan-cultural visual language of modernity for newly independent countries. There was also the concern that Cubism, being born of a particular cultural, philosophical and scientific background in Europe, was an imported phenomenon not suited to the Asian worldview. The Cubist or Piccassoid body, according to Bert Winther-Tamaki, provided Asian artists such as Yorozu Tetsugorō with an opportunity to violate a figurative subject to deform it in a way to express their own experience of modernity. The inhabitation of the Cubist body was a re-possession of their modern experience.
2

SPECIFIKA HOSPODÁŘSKÝCH CYKLŮ JAPONSKA

100%
Stuchlíková Z.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2011
|
vol. 59
|
issue 3
279 – 295
EN
Business cycles in developed economies have changed in many ways in the second half of the 20th century (compared to the pre-war period). The Japanese business cycles have been unique or different in certain aspects (compared to the previous development and to other developed countries or the average indicators). These particular features have intensified since the 1990´s, when Japan was hit by many serious macroeconomic problems. This study analyses key features of the Japanese post-war business cycles (with special attention to the period of the 1990´s). It compares the Japanese post-war expansions and recessions and the business cycles development in Japan and selected developed countries.
3
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JAPAN AND THE WEST - MEETINGS IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE (Japonia i zachód - spotkania w globalnej wiosce)

100%
Gruner Z.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2011
|
issue 39
211-220
EN
Japan is one of the most fascinating economic powers in the world. Over the whole of its history, even in the strong isolationist periods, it has been importing foreign ideas which were later adjusted to suit its own needs and developed in compliance with its own opinions. At the beginning, Japan's main mentor was China, often through the countries of the Korean Peninsula, but the West started to take China's place as the culturally dominant Alien, the basic supplier of goods. The Japanese became aware that they would probably be unable to chase away the western barbarians and, under the circumstances, they should start to learn from them. 'Japan would pass away, turn empty, waste, colourless; it would turn cunning and rich.' But will it indeed be so? 'The world is a global village' - the sentence that was once a daring statement now ended as a cliche, and it is no longer amazing that we get into contact with people from the other hemisphere or that so many students enroll in programs connected with distant civilisations. Japan is among the countries whose names frequently appear in the surrounding reality and sounds less and less exotic.
4

NOH AS A MUSICAL PERFORMANCE WITH REGARD TO THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

100%
Rumánek I.
Asian and African Studies
|
2009
|
vol. 18
|
issue 1
51 - 79
EN
Japanese noh drama is, similarly to the Western opera, a performance in which the textual, musical and choreographic parts unite to form a unique whole. The text written by the original playwright was inseparably interwoven with the musical element and it cannot be fully understood or appreciated without each other. In the times of the classical noh playwrights Kannami and Zeami, the performances are known to have attracted audiences, of all social strata, by their musical charm as well as by the rich texts and spectacular dance. Today, it is difficult to figure out the fascination the spectators must have felt then, as the musical side has undergone a centuries long development which has blurred the supposedly captivating original melody of the sung fushi parts. I am trying to get at the core of what can be reconstructed of the musical part of noh, on the basis of outlying the development of musical scales used in Japan.
5

DETERMINANTS OF INHERITANCE PATTERNS IN AN EARLY MODERN JAPANESE VILLAGE, YUKINOBU

100%
Murayama S.
Historická demografie (Historical Demography)
|
2007
|
vol. 31
91-116
EN
Previous studies have suggested that there were two or three types of headship succession practices in Tokugawa Japan. The Tokugawa Period (= Japanese early modern period) is the first period for which the family life and inheritance customs of individual common people can be examined through a written record. Some historical-demographic and historical family studies have found that Tokugawa society exhibited diverse family norms and practices. Two types of family practices were emphasised in particular: The northeastern pattern is characterized by primogeniture and the vertically extended nature of households, in contrast to the pattern in the central and southwestern regions, where nuclear households were prevalent in higher proportions. The third type of family structure was observed in village studies of western and southwestern Japan. In this study the author will attempt not only to describe further evidence of family structure diversity in western Japan, but also to examine the concept of regional diversity. The determinants of inheritance patterns in Tokugawa Japan will be examined by a local study of Yukinobu, a village of Western Japan, now in Okayama, Chugoku Region.
6
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'I AM AFRAID OF DANAÄNS, EVEN WHEN THEY BRING GIFTS'. GLOBALISATION IN THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE THE CASE OF JAPAN ('Lekam sie Danajow, nawet gdy przynosza dary'. Globalizacja w perspektywie antropologicznej - casus Japonii)

88%
Kostowska-Watanabe E.
Lud
|
2010
|
vol. 94
87-106
EN
In the context of the debate about the globalisation processes, the author describes Göran Therborn's theory of globalisation phases and Immanuel Wallerstein's arguments about European universalism as a concept strongly connected with the colonial, post-colonial and neo-liberal discourse of power. The second part of the article contains reflections on the contacts between Japan and the external world, mainly Euro-American world, and particularly in the Meiji period. Processes of economic and social transformation of Japan under external influence have been explained. This was the time of profound transformations in the cultural space and everyday life (the reform of the calendar and holidays, introduction of Shinto - state religion). Examples taken from the Japanese history clearly show how the so-called Westernization (i.e. globalisation) has become a factor of destruction of traditional systems. On the other hand, Western (global) ideas have been transformed and adapted to the local cultural conditions.
7
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THE TONKORI OF THE AINU PEOPLE IN JAPAN. STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND MUSICAL REPERTORY

88%
Kondracka K.
Muzyka
|
2006
|
vol. 51
|
issue 4(203)
53-72
EN
The article describes the results of research and observation carried out by the authoress among the Ainu people on Hokkaido (Japan). She discusses in detail the construction, notation and functions of the tonkori - the wooden musical instrument, and presents a brief account of the Ainu's history, from prehistoric to present times, with particular reference to the influences which have shaped Ainu culture. The first chapter offers a detailed discussion of the structure of the tonkori. A discussion of performance practice is undertaken in the second chapter, which gives an extensive exposition of the manner of playing the tonkori, i.e. postures adopted during play, the technique of sound production, characteristics of the melodies, kinds of notation and the construction of the compositions. In the third and final chapter the authoress discusses the functions of the tonkori in everyday life and in the rituals of the contemporary Ainu. The text closes with an annexe of illustrations showing the tonkori in museum collections and in performance.
8
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FILMOVÝ HOROR A JEHO VÝVOJ

88%
Prohászková V.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
|
2012
|
vol. 60
|
issue 3
359 - 378
EN
Horror is a genre which is gaining more and more popularity and spreads into all media and art fields. The oldest, literary horror is the most popular in the United States of America and Japan, where this tradition has the strongest roots and the longest history. In our country, the film production is preferred. The paper focuses on horror in film production. It defines the genre in general, its dominants and typology variations. It describes the historical development of the genre in this particular field and presents the profiles of the most significant representatives of the horror film. In conclusion, it characterizes the recipients and their reasons for seeking the genre.
9
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CONSUL SUGIHARA CHIUNE AND THE POLISH JEWS IN KAUNAS, LITHUANIA IN 1939-1940 (Konsul Sugihara Chiune a polscy Zydzi w Kownie w okresie 1939-1940)

88%
Barbasiewicz O.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2010
|
issue 36
167-188
EN
The main subject of this article is the life and career of Sugihara Chiune, viewed in the context of the fate of European Jews during their stay in the Lithuanian capital, Kaunas, while they were escaping from Nazi-occupied Europe in 1939 and 1940. The authoress investigates how the Japanese consul helped them obtain visas and thus saved their lives. She also deals with his private and professional life, including the turns of his diplomatic career in pre-war Lithuania, and his views on crucial issues involving his activities connected with saving the Polish Jews - even at the risk of his own life and the life of his family. Sugihara continued to hand out transit visas even after he was forbidden to do so by his superiors from the Japanese Foreign Ministry. Thus the war influenced his later life as a diplomat, not always in a beneficial way. However, today Consul Sugihara is considered a hero and is commemorated in many ways, both in his native Japan and in Lithuania.
10

THE VILE CHINESE EMPIRE, A KOREAN TRAITOR AND THE JAPANESE PILGRIMS - ETHNIC STEREOTYPES IN 'JIANZHEN'S VOYAGE TO THE EAST' (A.D. 769) (Podle imperium chinskie, koreanski zdrajca i japonscy wedrowcy - etnostereotypy w 'Przekazie o podrozy na wschod'

88%
Wyszpolska K.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
|
2010
|
issue 1-2 (232-233)
68-75
EN
Jianzhen (688-763), a Chinese monk, scholar and an expert in medicine, accepted an invitation by a group of Japanese emissaries to lecture in their home country. He set on a perilous journey and after a total of six attempts, he managed to reach the shores of Kyushu. The odds he and his disciples faced during the journey included unfavourable weather conditions, numerous government interventions and, finally, an eye infection that made him blind. Jianzhen's journey was documented years after his arrival in Japan by a court official, Omi no Mifune (722-785). This biography, although based on the information provided by Jianzhen's disciples who survived the journey and settled in Japan, contains elements that are clearly mythological and the characters appearing throughout the text are often seen through stereotypes rooted in the mind of ancient Japanese aristocracy members.
11

THE ROKEACH VALUE SURVEY IN COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JAPANESE AND SLOVENIAN STUDENTS: TOWARDS THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURE

88%
Musil B., Rus V. S., Musek J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
|
vol. 51
|
issue 1
53-68
EN
The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) has been thoroughly explored in the context of personality, behavior, social structure and both national and cross-cultural studies. However, different studies are not congruent in the interpretation of its inner structure. The current study examines the similarities and differences in value hierarchies and value structures between comparable groups of Japanese and Slovenian students using RVS. The results indicate a general similarity between the value systems and a similar underlying structure of values in all of the groups explored. Similarities with other value studies again prove convergences in research of value structures. Despite some conceptual difficulties and methodological dilemmas, RVS still shows relevance for value research, especially in the clear division of values into values as standards of behavior (instrumental values) and values as transcendental goals or ideals (terminal values). According to the results of the current study, standards are more culturally variable than goals or ideals.
12
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Gry, procedury, przewidywalność - w kontekście polsko-japońskiej komunikacji międzykulturowej

75%
Jabłoński A.
Homo Ludens
|
2009
|
issue 1
103-112
EN
Inter-cultural communication is carried out through contact between various social realities and interpretation schemes. It is possible to describe this phenomenon in terms of games, by comparing the different expectations of participants towards the course of communication events. Predictability in defining a situation as well as its course and participant roles are crucial for maintaining proper communication flow. Examples of predictability and unpredictability will be reviewed in the context of intercultural communication between Poles and Japanese. They will be analyzed in terms of an extended phatic function of language.
13
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Stereotypy, egzotyka, konkret. Medialna gra w groźną Japonię po tragicznych wydarzeniach marca 2011

75%
Jabłoński A.
Homo Ludens
|
2012
|
issue 1(4)
87-96
EN
The interplay between the suppliers and uncritical recipients of unreliable or even xenophobic revelations on Japan may be recognized as based on the 19th-century spirit of orientalism and is essentially anti-informative. This interplay is exemplified in an interesting way in the relations of the tragic events which took place in Japan in March 2011. This paper will present an analysis of several pieces of (anti)information that a Polish recipient might have had contact with – willingly or unwillingly – in the early Spring of 2011.
14
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Recepta na klęskę w komunikacji międzykulturowej - o ksenofobicznych grach komunikacyjnych Amélie Nothomb

75%
Jabłoński A.
Homo Ludens
|
2010
|
issue 1(2)
29-36
EN
From the point of view of a culture researcher and linguist, the description of cross-cultural communication phenomena in terms of games, performed in fixed situations and according to certain rules, makes it possible to reveal the actor's objectives and methods of achieving them which apply in a certain communication environment. Both objectives and methods may essentially differ in the target communication environment, which makes the researcher's task difficult, though possible, assuming a minimal level of determination and objectivity is assured. It should not be forgotten that games may be both constructive and destructive. A game may function as a weapon, and that includes the stage of cross-cultural communication. A characteristic example of such an approach is the novel by Nothomb published in Poland under the title With Humbleness and Humility describing, allegedly 'with distance and humour', the adventures of the author during her work in the office of a Japanese company. The description of hypocritical games which the text is larded with may be instructive on account of the exceptionally condensed set of techniques serving effectively to disable cross-cultural understanding, even though the narrator who uses them overtly declares their openness, objectivity and readiness for agreement. The peculiar mix of xenophobia and orientalism of Nothomb's text uncovers numerous phenomena inevitably present in the background of cross-cultural communication, although rarely described by researchers. This paper attempts at introducing Polish readers to such phenomena.
15
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THE IDEA OF KOKUTAI AND NIHONJINRON AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN JAPAN (Kokutai i Nihonjinron. Polityka i kultura jako filary wspólczesnej japonskiej tozsamosci narodowej)

75%
Lisiecki M.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2011
|
issue 38
163-173
EN
This paper is an attempt at a political and cultural interpretation of national identity in pre- and postwar Japan. For clarity of analysis the essay is divided into two parts. The first deals with the category of kokutai which can be translated as national character or national polity. The kokutai was the most important idea in prewar Japan and one which was exploited for creating a political sense of Japanese nationality. The concept of ethnic nationalism (minzokushugi) as well as the document Kokutai-no hongi (Cardinal Principles of the kokutai) published in 1937 were the most expressive examples of the political sense of national identity. The second part discusses the concept of 'nihonjinron' (theories about the Japanese) which is connected with cultural background of nationalism in contemporary Japan. The significance of this idea can be seen in a continuity of ethnical sense of national identity earlier expressed by kokutai (but without support of governments). In the other sense the nihonjinron is understood as a rank-and-file initiative of the contemporary Japanese society. It can be seen in the activity of Japanese writers, philosophers and artists who thus create a unique vision of Japan.
16
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Stereotypy i egzotyka - gry jako aktywność bezproduktywna w komunikacji międzykulturowej (na przykładach współczesnego polskiego japonizmu)

75%
Jabłoński A.
Homo Ludens
|
2011
|
issue 1(3)
53-62
EN
General definitions of games unanimously emphasize their unproductive nature. While this nature as such seems obvious, it is useful to give some thought to the systemizing role of games, which often tend to be utilized in the more or less unconscious interpretation of communication context, including contexts perceived as foreign and unknown. In this article the author wishes to present several topics related to the role of stereotypes and their cognitive values, especially with regard to the field of Polish-Japanese cross-cultural communication.
17

THE ROLE OF TONKIN AND TAIWAN IN THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY’S EAST ASIAN COMMERCIAL STRATEGY IN THE LATE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

75%
Tran N. D.
Asian and African Studies
|
2024
|
vol. 33
|
issue 1
97 - 116
EN
In 1672, the English East India Company set up factories in Taiwan and Tonkin. The Taiwan factory lasted only for 11 years (1672 – 1683), but the Tonkin branch operated for 25 years (1672 – 1697). Both factories had a similar role in the English East Asian commercial strategy as they served as intermediaries for trading indirectly with mainland China and Japan. Initially, the two factories were established to support English trade in Japan. However, when that plan failed, they mainly helped the English to collect Chinese products indirectly, and they were used as gateways to trade with mainland China. This article argues that the English factories in Taiwan and Tonkin played a noticeable role in maintaining the English East Asian trade in the late seventeenth century. They worked as intermediaries to maintain the Company’s position and expansion in East Asia by connecting with the key markets of Japan and mainland China. Additionally, the English used small factories such as Taiwan and Tonkin in this period as a way of adapting to the special trading conditions in East Asia, where key markets were difficult to access. Moreover, the article also presents the ways in which the EIC used its overseas factories in East Asia to maintain and expand its trade there.
18
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NOH THEATRE IN THE WEST - A JAPANESE BRIDGE OVER ONE CENTURY - FROM W. B. YEATS TO JANNETTE CHEONG (No na zapade - japonsky most cez jedno storocie - od W. B. Yeatsa po Jannette Cheong)

63%
Rumanek R. V. I.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 2
150-165
EN
In the 19th century, the period of intensive contacts between the West and Japan was renewed. Two waves can be identified in the process of re-introduction of Japanese culture to the West until the continuous reciprocal cultural exchange as we know it after World War II. Fascination of Europe with the Japanese woodcraft (since 1862) that influenced Impressionism and later Art Nouveau can be identified as the first wave, the second wave is characterised by broader familiarity with Japanese culture and literature due to the fact that more and more Westerners mastered the secrets of the Japanese language and the first translations into the European languages appeared. Noh theatre emerged in the West as part of the second wave. It was during the U.S. and European tour of actor Kawakami Otojiro (1864 - 1911) who owned a private theatre Kawakami, and his wife, a former geisha Sadayakko (1871 - 1946), one of the first female actresses in modern Japan. Europe began to realize the authentic form of Noh. In London, the increase in popularity of Noh can be traced into the crucial moment, when a young American poet Ezra Pound (1885-1972,) came here in 1908 longing to get to know the Irish poet W. B. Yeats (1865-1939). Western authors appreciated how the Japanese Noh combines drama, music and dance into the monolithic unit and they considered mask an excellent means of an 'alienation effect', leading the spectators to feel separated from the events on stage and giving them an opportunity to think about the deeper meaning of events. Analysing the history of Noh in the West, we note two milestones, two points in this development which brings in mind two ends of Monet's Pont Japonais (Japanese Bridge) in his garden in Giverny, stretching over the century of its naturalization in the West. One is the work of William Butler Yeats at the beginning of the 20th century and - a century later, Jannette Cheong's work, the latest piece of the Western Noh. Both were written in English and premiered in London.
19
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W japońskim kręgu zła. O powieści Ring Kojiego Suzukiego

51%
Olkusz K.
Literatura i Kultura Popularna
|
2010
|
vol. 16
113-131
EN
The Ring novel and the subsequent movie gained immense popularity, triggering common interest in Japanese horror. The novel is notable for merging religious themes, usually of Shintoistic, Buddhistic and Shamanistic provenance with element of modern civilization. The author of Ring shows deep interest in important themes prevalent in modern Japanese society, e.g. absence of fathers in the process of upbringing. This alliance of tradition and modernity, common in most genres of contemporary Japanese art is merged by Suzuki with the aesthetics of the horror novel, so the critique of modern Japanese intertwines with traditional story about ghosts and curses. Religious and philosophical elements correspond with the image of the mentality of modern Japanese but they also portray more universal themes (like availability of information, communication and media) and fears (epidemic and pandemic threat). The author also criticizes the way media infl uence people and the world itself, so that the fall of the former media star is more important than her suffering. In this vision such elements of the modern everyday life can transform into the force capable of total obliteration of humankind.
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