Search results - CEJSH

1

FENOMÉN NEPLNOVÝZNAMOVOSTI V JAZYKU

100%

Kačala J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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vol. 71

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issue 3

139 – 148

EN

The author examines auxiliarity on the level of lexical units. He views it like a counterpart to the language units with full lexical meaning and it is placed among the other phenomena of the asymmetrical arrangement of formal and semantic part of language units and signs. The author views auxiliarity as a normal part of the natural language and he sees its place in the sphere of asemantic or empty phenomena in language and on the other hand in the field of zero elements in language.

2

Is the Language Constitutive for Thinking

100%

Ofman T.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2008

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vol. 44

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issue 3-4

303-315

EN

In Rational Animals Davidson argues that language is constitutive for thinking, i.e. that thinking requires possessing the notion of thought or belief. This thesis is the point of departure for author's deliberations. He tries to show that on one interpretation this thesis leads to surprising consequences. Even if a child acquires a language, it is possible that he/she doesn't think, because it is not necessary to acquire the notion of thought to possess linguistic abilities. To deal with this difficulty the author suggests that the ability to think be redefined as the ability to manipulate internal representations.

3

ON THE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN INTERACTION

100%

Pazukhin R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2007

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vol. 49

109-133

EN

Traditionally, we associate the language concept with that of communication. In practice, however, this conceptual link is treated by linguists too loosely and arbitrarily. In the current study, we try to render the relationship of language to communication more transparent and accurate. We start by confronting the properties of speaking with those of other modes of human interaction. Such an approach helps us to gain a more adequate insight into the nature of language, its origins and its role in our life.

4

UNIFORMNÁ TRANSPARENTNOSŤ VERZUS PRIRODZENOSŤ

100%

Žigo P.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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vol. 71

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issue 4

193 – 204

EN

The article points out a need to respect synchronic as well as diachronic aspect in explanatory description of the language system. Generalisations abot the contemporary state of language should have a synthesising character based on detailed knowledge about the reasons of departure from the uniform transparency in paradigms.

5

The relationship between the language and the national identity according to Ukrainian students of Polish origin

100%

Kijewska A.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2004

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vol. 39

267-283

EN

The article was written on the basis of the statements made by Ukrainian students of Polish origin recorded between 2001 and 2002. The speakers supported an opinion that was incomprehensible to most of the native speakers of Polish: one neither needs to know the mother tongue of a given nation nor speak it on a regular basis to feel a rightful member of the nation (the knowledge of Polish is not necessary to feel a Pole and, correspondingly, one does not need to speak Ukrainian to feel a Ukrainian). Therefore, contrary to what is generally believed, the language is not an indispensable component of national identity. Such a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of statements concerning the attitude towards Ukrainian in case of students declaring Ukrainian nationality and the attitude towards Polish in case of students declaring Polish nationality. The speakers' opinions on this subject vary depending on where they live in Ukraine. Regardless of that, the language may constitute a welding element for a multinational community. Such is the case with Russian among the Poles from the East studying in Poland though some of the students reject Russian as the national/official language in the country of their origin.

6

MOTIVÁCIA V JAZYKU REKLAMY

80%

Lalík I.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2013

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vol. 2

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issue 1

75 – 82

EN

The goal of the presented paper is to present general overview of lexical motivation in the language of advertising. It provides short description of the advertising in general and description of its language. The advertising basically contains verbal or visual representation of the advertised product, or the combination of verbal and visual signs that should be in balance and should cooperate to successfully accomplish the aims of advertising – to engage attention of percipients, to arouse their interest in the advertised product, to be memorable and, finally, to sell the product. Besides the visual representation of the advertised product the language of advertisement is very important. The lexical representation of advertising can be motivated in several ways. The paper deals with the selected specific lexical motivations in advertising – semantic/figurative, phraseological, inter-lingual, expressive, sociolectical, territorial and individual motivations. The paper provides general description of the respective motivation and its application to the language of advertisement with a set of specific examples.

7

Surplus Value in Education

80%

Stanczyk P.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2005

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vol. 50

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issue 4(198)

187-201

EN

The author is trying to explain the homology of economy and language systems. This theoretical homology is based on the same mechanisms - the same forms of logic - logic of exchange and logic of equivalence. Both systems work side by side with dialectic of exchange and equivalence. The problem is that this homology is not only theoretical. Osmotic relation between language and economy is supported by education and that is why the theoretical problem transforms into the practical one. As we get to such far-reaching statement that a relation between economy, language and education is only descriptive one - the moment of critique starts when we realise that asymmetry of economy system is mediated by language. Thus language and its empty signifiers carry economical asymmetry which is reproduced by education.

8

DOTYKY NEVÝSLOVNÉHO V ROMÁNOVEJ TVORBE SYLVIE GERMAIN

80%

Rybárová S.

World Literature Studies

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2020

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vol. 12

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issue 3

54 – 69

EN

The work of contemporary French writer Sylvie Germain is often compared to a „silent symphony“. Whispered from the depths of being, Germain´s novels resonate with the richness, grandeur and poeticism of the language. Underneath the fetching words, a gentle murmur of the unknown rises. But how to capture the „chant of the end of silence“, that the author refers to in her easy „Les Échos du silence?“ The confrontation with God´s extremely reticent presence becomes the focus of Germain´s fictional characters, as well as impulse for the literary work. This interpretative analysis of selected experts from novels by Sylvie Germain is an attempt to identify typical expressive means of the „ineffable“. The study wants to be not only an illustration of the patient research for the expression of transcendent experience, but also a sincere look a tone particular literary testimony.

9

METHODS OF CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

80%

Kosterec M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2016

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vol. 71

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issue 3

220 – 230

EN

This paper describes some of the methods usually grouped under the label of conceptual analysis. It delineates and compares three such methods: constructive method, detection method, and reductive conceptual analysis. For each of these three kinds of conceptual analysis, the problems which motivate its use are specified and the well-known instances of their application are discussed. Based on the general model of method as an ordered set of instructions, the three types of conceptual analysis differ in specifying the instructions involved in their use.

10

Nauczanie języka angielskiego jako ojczystego w Anglii. Część II: gramatyka, język, piśmienność

80%

Bakuła K.

Kształcenie Językowe

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2011

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vol. 9(19)

55-66

EN

Drawing on the English National Curriculum for primary and secondary schools as well as articles and books, the author examines three aspects of teaching English as mother tongue. Their order — grammar, language, literacy — is not accidental, for it reflects developmental tendencies. In the 1980s and 1990s, the debate on mother tongue teaching and learning was dominated by grammar, which was reflected in the slogan ‘return to grammar;’ in the 1990s language was considered the most important part of the National Curriculum (language across the curriculum), while in the 2000s literacy came to the fore. Literacy also underwent its own development: from literacy hour, through literacy across the curriculum to the National Literacy Strategy. Literacy in English schools is a broad concept, encompassing reading and writing as well as speaking and listening skills. While the emphasis on teaching grammar did not bring the expected results — for, as Andrews and others (2004, 2005) have shown, grammar has little impact on the development of writing skills — the great emphasis by teachers and the public at large on reading and writing has led to a definite improvement in those skills. This is confirmed by tests carried out among eleven-year-olds: the reading level expected for the age rose from 78% in 1999 to 86% in 2009; the expected writing level rose from 54% in 1999 to 67% in 2006 and has remained on this level since.

11

„BILDWISSENSCHAFT“ – NA PRAHU NOVEJ VEDY?

80%

Horák V.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2007

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vol. 62

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issue 2

136-141

EN

About ten years ago the literary William J. T. Mitchell and the literary historian Gottfried Boehm declared the iconic turn in all sciences, which should have rehabilitated picture as a specific form of constructing meaning, independent of language. Their inspiration was the linguistic turn in philosophy and sciences in the 20th century. Thereby they brought to life a discussion, which, especially in German speaking countries, is gradually rebuilding the systematic of all sciences. Still more frequent are the calls for 'Bildwissenschaft', i.e. for a special icon-science which should be at least as successful as was the linguistic turn. The paper offers a systematic outline of this discussion held during the last 15 years. In addition to that it gives the basic historical, bibliographical and institutional data concerning the rise of this new icon-science.

12

Język, metajęzyk, cytaty

80%

Suchoń W.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2015

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vol. 43

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issue 2

5-24

EN

This paper attempts to show the invalidity of the presupposition (put forward in the monograph Language Turned on Itself: The Semantics and Pragmatics of Metalinguistic Discourse) that an adequate elucidation of the function of quotation marks requires a specific theory dedicated to this purpose. It seems that the intriguing phenomena associated with quoting – summarized and analyzed in the aforementioned monograph – may be convincingly explained by means of the well-known relationship between language and metalanguage.

13

IMPLICITNÍ PRAVIDLA

80%

Peregrin J.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2014

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vol. 21

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issue 3

381 – 398

EN

Michal Ivan scrutinized the author ś notion of implicit rule, concluding that it is flawed in his criticism of the author´s book Člověk a pravidla [Man and rules]. In this contribution, the author defends his approach, explaining the notion in greater detail. He states that his talk about the existence of an implicit rule refers to the social setting in which some kinds of social (especially linguistic) actions are governed by normative attitudes of the members of the society. These normative attitudes institute the propriety which makes instances of actions of the kinds either correct or incorrect; hence people can follow or violate the rule, the rule can come into being, develop, and fade away – without it being explicitly articulated.

14

LANGUAGE AND PROCESS. INGARDEN'S THEORY OF LANGUAGE AND ONTOLOGY

80%

Piwowarczyk M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2008

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vol. 36

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issue 2

37-44

EN

This paper is devoted to Ingarden's discussion of a possible criticism of language that could be presented by philosophers who deny the existence of solid things that endure in time and retain their identity. Such a possible view is called 'antireism'. Antireists could argue that language distorts reality because we use names to denote processes. In doing so we treat them as objects which have the formal structure of subjects of properties. Ingarden replies (1) that each process has a twofold formal structure, that of a totality of still perishing phases and that of a specific object which is being built in those phases; (2) that although the process has the structure of a subject of properties, it cannot be identified with an enduring thing of the same structure because of this specific twofold characteristic; and (3) that the meaning of the name of a process contains its formal content and the moment of existential characteristic projecting the process as different from a thing.

15

Człowiek — język — świat według współczesnych polskich tabloidów (zarys problematyki)

80%

Ożóg K.

Oblicza Komunikacji

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2011

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vol. 4

73-84

EN

We are witnessing a growing popularity of tabloids in Poland. This is a result of two phenomena that will be the subject of my analysis: first, the content tackled by the tabloids, second — the way it is disseminated, characterised by the dominance of the image over the word. The article presents the results of research into the language of two Polish tabloids, Super Express and Fakt. Using the language of these tabloids, I analyse the most important vectors in the vision of the world and the image of humanity they propose. The research has shown that Polish tabloids present a vision of humanity and the world characterised by such categories as sensationalism, extraordinariness, commonness and shocking content. The system of values they present is highly relative. These newspapers, targeted at a wide public, use a colloquial language to a large extent.

16

METAPHOR, THE WAY OF THINKING

80%

Chirpaz F.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

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2008

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vol. 6

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issue 2-3(20)

373-386

EN

Human being can live his own life only by shaping it into the form of words, thus absorbing words inherited from language he was born into. In this sense, to speak is to have always been included in the community, it is also to decipher the mystery of human being. Symbol, metaphor, notion try in their own way to surmount limits of words and their poverty. They are different forms of important functions of language that acts as a medium between the lived-through part of experience and its expression in words. At the beginning, human existence is lived through beyond words, but it can display itself only if it is able to express its own relation to life. The most important part of human experience is not lived through only in words, but it must go through them in order to understand the fact of being lived through. Therefore, only the metaphor opens our look to unexplored fragment of experience and inserts in words 'a play' that is similar to poets' creativity. This play only is able to express the lightness and gravity of life.

17

SAMUEL BECKETT AND THE BORDERLINES OF MODERNISM

80%

Chorvathova M.

Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1

36-46

EN

The paper is focused on contact points of different paradigms in the works of Samuel Beckett (1906-989). Using the example of his early experimental prose (Murphy, 1938; Watt, 1944), the paper explores Beckett's problematic position in the context of the modernist project and the transition to postmodernism: the overlapping/fading of modernist optimism (the effort to erase the gap between the language and the objects denominates) and the rise of postmodern scepticism (the fundamental inadequacy of the language.

18

FICTIONAL OBJECTS IN MODERN PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

80%

Maciaszek J.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2008

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vol. 36

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issue 2

159-178

EN

Propositions about fiction pose a number of problems for referential semantics. They are caused by the underlying contention that can be named existential monism. In the paper the author presents some solutions for the problem of denoting the names of fictional objects, e.g. the rigid designation of names and the possible worlds framework. These approaches are nevertheless unsatisfactory because they were introduced to achieve two goals that cannot be realized at the same time: to solve the problem of the existence of the objects that the words refer to and to explain the understanding of language. In the paper he argues that the proper solution consists in distinguishing between existential ontology, e.g. that proposed by Roman Ingarden, and a theory of language that explains the phenomenon of understanding without any ontological commitments, e.g. Donald Davidson theory of meaning.

19

DYNAMIKA JAZYKA A DYNAMIKA TEXTU

80%

Kralčák Ľ.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2011

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vol. 76

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issue 5-6

315 – 321

EN

The article deals with the questions of the dynamics of a text in comparison with the dynamics of a language. Nowadays, the understanding of the concept dynamics is not problematic in the linguistics, and it may refer to a broad, historically conducted research. The question is how to understand the dynamics of a text, i. e. if there is any uniting principle which can serve as a support. A more detailed analysis shows that the collocation the dynamics of a text represents three different conceptual understandings: it is the dynamics of a thematic and compositional construction, the particular communicational dynamics, and the historical or development dynamics of a text. Finding of this condition refuses a possibility of defining one universal understanding of this concept.

20

Políticas lingüísticas —implícitas y explicitas— en el Nuevo Reino de Granada

80%

Garcia M. F.

Estudios Hispánicos

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2011

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vol. 19

141-150

EN

This article discusses language planning developed by the Spanish in the kingdom of Nueva Granada, now Colombia. They found an area with very special characteristics. First, Nueva Granada was a mixture of pre-Columbian civilizations. Second, that territory did not have a dominant language before the Spanish. Third, the colonizers faced very different sociolinguistic objectives: the communication with the metropolis, the translation of indigenous languages, the evangelization of the new citizens. The result was a diglossia, finally, many indigenous languages retained. Curiously, the Spanish Crown was more tolerant of linguistic diversity in America than in Europe.

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